Objective To study the effect of tail-suspending on myostatin(MSTN)expression in the soleus muscle of rats.Methods The MSTN mRNA levels in soleus muscle of tail-suspended and normal control rats were measured and compared.Results The MSTN mRNA in soleus muscle of tail-suspended rats was 2.2 times(hind limb unloading for 14 days)and 3.5 times(hind limb unloading for 30 days) higher than that in normal control rats (P<0.05).The relative wet weight of the soleus muscle in tail-suspended rats was decreased by 11%(unloading 14 days)and 1 9%(unloading 30 days),respectively,compared with that in normal control rats.Conclusion The expression of MSTN mRNA is elevated in the soleus muscle of tail-suspended rats,probably due to atrophy of the soleus muscle.

Surgical treatment of postinjection injury of peripheral nerve in 62 patients are reported, 50 patients were followed-up for 3 years in average. Neurolysis is an effective method in the treatment of such injuries with 64 percent of excellent and good result observed in this series. The results of operation were related to the degree of severity of nerve injury, timing of operation, and extent of adhesion of the injured nerve. The result of early operation is better than late operation.

Objective To investigate the expression of neurotrophin- 3 (NT- 3) gene in Schwann cells (SCs) of rat sciatic nerve introduced by adenovir al vector in vivo. Methods Recombinant adenoviral vector for NT- 3 was propagat ed in 293 packaging cells and was titered by tissue culture infections dose 50 ( TCID50) method. Ad- NT- 3 was injected intraneurally into the rat sciatic nerv e following axotomy of the sciatic nerve which was repaired after the immediate injury. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to determine the expression of NT- 3 in SCs in rat sciatic nerve, and the expressive intensity difference was measured with LEICA M550 imagine analysis system on the tissue slides. Results Two days after injection of NT- 3 into the rat nerve, positive stain in the SCs were apparent in the vicinity of anastomosis. There was significant increase of the amount of NT- 3 expression 7 days following injection of Ad- NT- 3 (vs. 2 days group P0.05). Compared with the 2 days group, the 14 and 28 days groups still maintained a relatively high leve l of NT- 3 (P

Objective To explore the value of biomechanics parameter of rabbit abdominal aortic atheroma using velocity vector imaging(VVI).Methods Ten of 45 male New Zealand rabbits were chosen as normal control group randomly,the rest experimental rabbits were made atheromatous plaque model.The rabbits were examined by two-dimensional ultrasound and VVI respectively.The intima-media thickness(IMT) or thickness of plaques of abdominal aorta 1 cm from right renal artery branch were recorded.Maximum tangential velocity,strain and strain rate of IMT or plaques were measured using VVI.Then the rabbits were killed for pathological and immuno-histochemical examination.Results Based on pathology,the rabbites were divided into 4 groups:control group(group A,n=10),group of pathological endometrial thickening(group B,n=9),group of thick fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group C,n=15) and group of thin fibrous cap atheromatous plaques (group D,n=11).The difference of plaques thickness and biochemical indicators had no statistically significant between group B and C(P>0.05),both bigger than group A and B (P<0.05).The difference of Vmax,Smax and SRmax had statistically significant each group(P<0.05).With Vmax>0.46×10-2 cm/s,Smax>0.37%,SRmax>1.415×10-2 s-1 to find the vulnerable plaques,the sensitivity were 75.0%,84.4%,84.4% respectively,specificity were 70.8%,91.7%,83.3% respectively.Conclusions VVI can identify plaque biomechanics parameter of different progression periods,which is expected to be a reliable method to find vulnerable plaques earlier in clinic.

Aim To develop King cobra antivenom from the egg yolks of immunized hens,and study dynamic expression of IgY in egg yolks.Methods chickens(white Leghorn) were immunized with detoxicated King cobra venom by formaldehyde ,Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was isotated by thiophilic interaction chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE. Activity of IgY was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay(ELISA) and Double immuodiffusion. Protein was measured using folin-lowry method. Results Specific antivenom could be detected in the yolk laid by the hens 9 d after immunization, At the 60th day after primary immunization ,ELISA titers reached 1∶ 100 000,and 97.5 mg IgY?ml -1 yolk was obtained from thiophilic interaction chromatography. IgY was highly specific, No cross reactivity was observed among IgY and agkistrodon acutus venom and vipera venom ;Little cross reactivity was shown with cobra genus venoms.Conclusion King cobra IgY was obtained and purified from the egg yolks of immunized hens,The dynamic expression of IgY was manitered during the course of immunization,Further investigation is needed.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of small splint fixation after closed manipulative reduction with plaster external fixation in the treatment of elderly type C Colles fractures.Methods Totally 96 elderly patients with type C Colles fractures were randomly divided into two groups, 48 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with closed manipulative reduction. The fractures were externally fixed with splint in the treatment group, and those were externally fixed with pipe plaster in the control group. The figure of radius length, palmar tilt and ulnar deviation were detected respectively in pre-reduction, the same day with reduction, and the day when external fixation was removed (6th week), in order to evaluated the drop of anatomical position. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to Gartland-Werley wrist score when external fixation was taken off after 6 months.Results In both groups, figures of radius length, palmar tilt and ulnar deviation evidently increased in the day after reduction and the day of external fixation removal, compared with pre-reduction (P<0.05). Compared with the day after reduction, the radius length, palmar tilt and ulnar deviation of the day of external fixation removal all dropped in both groups (P<0.05). But the drop degree in control group was significantly higher than treatment group (P<0.05). For the joint function, 9 cases for excellent, 26 for good, 6 for fair, and 4 for bad in the therapy group. The excellent and good rate was 77.8% (35/45). In the control group, 4 cases for excellent, 22 for good, 10 for fair and 9 for bad. The excellent and good rate was 57.8% (26/45). The curative effect of treatment group was remarkably superior to control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Closed manipulative reduction combined with splint external fixation is more effective than pipe plaster in treatment of elderly type C Colles fractures.

Objective To observe the effect of pigplacenta ins tead of Ziheche (P lacenta Hominis) for the treatment of senile dementia. Methods Seventy Kunming mice were divided into blank group, model group, pos itive control group, Zih eche low and high dosage groups, and pigplacenta low and high dosage grou ps, wi th 10 in each. The senile dementia models were established with the D-Galactose subcutaneous injection. The blank group was not administered any medicines. The model group was prescribed normal saline instead of the tested medicine; the pos itive control group was given Naofukang by gavage; the Zih eche low and high dosage groups were given 2g/kg and 4g/kg Ziheche respectivel y by gavage; while the pigplacenta low and high dosage groups were treated wi th p igplacenta 4g/kg and 8g/kg respectively by gavage. After treatment for 6 week s, the behavior experimental dark-avoiding test and step-down test were applied to test the effect of the medicines on the learning memory of mice, and acetylchol inesterase and monoamine levels in brain tissues. Results There was no s ignificant difference between the effect of pigplacenta and Ziheche in resi stin g senile dementia. In the latency of dark-avoiding test, the effect of high d osa ge of pigplacenta was significantly better than that of Ziheche (P

[Objective] To investigate the characteristics of PD-1/PD-L1 expressed on T cell and bladder cancer cell and clinical significance.[Methods] 64 patients with primary bladder cancer were into experiment group and 10 normal people were into control group.Peripheral bloods were used to test the PD-1 expressed on CD8+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the PD-L1 expression in tumor and normal specimen.[Results] PD-1 expressed on CD8+T lymphocytes was (2.25 ± 0.60)％ in experiment group and (0.68 ± 0.17)％ in control group,respectively (P ＜ 0.001).And the PD-1 expression on T cell in invasive bladder cancer patient was significant higher than superficial bladder cancer patients [(3.04 ± 0.46)％ vs (0.68± 0.17)％,P ＜ 0.001].The expression of PD-L1 in experiment group was higher than control group,(26/64 vs 0/15,P ＜ 0.001).But there was no different between invasive and superficial bladder cancer patients,(41.3％ vs 38.8％,P ＞ 0.01).[Conclusions] Expression of negative stimulatory molecule PD-1 in CD8+T lymphocytes of peripheral blood is significantly correlated with bladder cancer advanced.Bladder cancer cell was strongly expressed PD-L1,and this expression is not related to cancer advanced.

Objective To evaluate the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the severe cases of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD).Methods Eighty-six cases of severe HFMD admitted to our hospital between Apr 2009 and Aug 2010 were divided into two groups based on the time when admitted to our hospital.Thirty-eight cases (group A,Apr to Jul,2009) received routine treatment and 48 cases (group B,Apr to Aug,2010) were ventilated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure based on routine treatment.The difference of the total efficiency was compared between two groups.Results Twenty-five out of 38 patients were cured,six showed improved signs,and seven showed no improvement in group A,of which the total efficiency was 81.5％.Forty out of 48 patients were cured,seven showed improved signs,and one showed no improvement in group B,of which the total efficiency was 97.9％.The clinical effect of group B was much better than group A and the difference was statistically significant ( x2 =6.71,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure has most valuable effect on HFMD and is helpful in preventing -HFMD from getting worse.

Objective To study the clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology(csfc)and specific stain in tuberculous meningitis(TBM)-purulent meningitis(PM)and cryptococcal meningitis(CM).Methods The csfc data of 179 patients with TBM,PM and CM were retrospectively analyzed.The samples collected from all of these patients were analyzed by csfc May-Grunwald-Giemsa(MGG)staining,aricine blue staining and Indian ink staining. And the cytospin smears from 70 TBM were simultaneously stained by the immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial antigen.Results ①TBM group showed a mixed-cell response.At the early stage of disease,the proportion of neutrophilic granulocyte reached 80%,and then reduced gradually.Lyumphoidocyte reaction was the most obvious in 1～2 months.The immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method present a sensitivity of 82.9%and 85.7%,respectively.②Neutrophilic granulocyte was the most cell at acute stage of PM,and it descended quickly once treated with effective antibiotics.③The positive rates to detect CM with csfc MGG,aricine and Indian ink staining were 83.3%,81.8%,and 76.5%,respectively.Conclusion Dynamic observation on cerebrospinal fluid cytology is helpful to boost the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection.