Objective To summarize the progresses in psychological medicine made domestically and abroad,especially in PLA,during the period of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" ,and propose a suggestion for the development of psychological medicine in the period of "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".Methods To retrospectively review and summarize the literature concerning psychological medicine and related subjects published domestically and abroad in past 5years retrieved from PubMed and CNKI.Results During the period of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" ,researches on psychological medicine and related subjects had become one of the hot topics receiving agreat deal of attention by the governments and academic circles all over the world.New progresses had been achieved in the fields of psychological medicine services,epidemiological researches,networking psychiatry,etiology and pathological mechanism of mental illness,researches in treatment,stress disorder,and mental health in general hospitals,etc.In PLA,the incidence of schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses declined significantly,but the prevalence rate of anxiety and depression showed a rising trendency among servicemen in peacetime. The development of military psychological medicine was affected in some extent by the organizational system and adjustment of organizational structure of the army.There still existed some problems to be improved such as the lack of high-tech personnel and staff training.Conclusions The great changes in socio-economics and culture produced a new demand on mental health services.The hot spots of researches of psychological medicine will still focus on biological psychiatry,the treatment of mental illness,social psychiatry and development of psychology,etc.

Objective To investigate the correlationship between depressed behaviors and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in brain tissue in mice which are insensitive to fluoxetine,and to mimic the treatment resistant depression (TRD) in clinical condition.Methods 50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into Control group (Control),Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group and CUMS+fluoxetine group.Mice in Control group were raised ad libitum for 9 weeks,those in CUMS group received CUMS for 9 weeks and those in CUMS+fluoxetine group received 8 weeks' CUMS followed 1 week' s treatment with Fluoxetine(10 mg · kg-1 · d-1).At the end of the 9th week,mice in(CUMS + treatment)group were selected into antidepressant treatment-resistant mice(ATRM) as no remission and Depression Group (DM) as symptoms improved.Body mass test (BMT),open field test (OFT) and forces swim test (FST) were completed respectively in these 4 groups at the endpoint of the experiment,and the brain tissue were extracted after the tests for IL-1β Elisa test.Results (1) BMT:there was no effect of weightgain in ATRM after 1 week' s therapy with Fluoxetine.There was no difference in body-weight between ATRM ((18.56±7.56) g) and CUMS ((19.03± 8.58) g) mice,while compared with Control ((24.56±5.45) g) and DM mice ((20.12±9.17) g) ATRM and CUMS mile's body weight were significantly lower (P＜0.05).(2)OFT and FST:in OFT,there was no significant difference in of horizontal moving distance(F=0.355) either in the frequencies of entering the central zone (F=0.327) among the 4 groups;in OFT,the immobility time of ATRM ((241.50 ± ± 36.55) s) was significantly longer than that in DM ((156.00± 25.47) s) (F=13.573,P＜0.05).(3) Elisa test of IL-1β:the brain' s IL-1β serum level in ATRM ((164.90±46.70) pg/mg) was higher than those in Control ((69.68±6.56) pg/mg)),and DM ((93.09±4.65) pg/mg) (P＜0.01),while no difference with that in CUMS mice.Additionally,the depressive behaviors in ATRM showed its positive correlation with the IL-1β level in CNS (r=0.669,P=0.006).Conclusion CUMS can elicit the refractory depressive symptoms in BALB/c mice to simulate TRD' s characteristic,and the elevated level of IL-1 β within brain tissue may play an important role in the development of TRD.

ObjectiveTo explore the deficits of acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reflex in single prolonged stress rats.MethodsSixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control 1,7,14 d groups and stress 1,7,14 d groups.All stressed rats received single prolonged stress while all control rats were left in their home cage.Behavioral changes in these rats were analyzed in ASR and PPI paradigm.ASR and PPI were carried out on day 2,8,15,respectively.ResultsThere were no differences of ASR and PPI among control 1,7,14 d groups (P ＞ 0.05).ASR of stress 1 d group ( (92.49 ± 31.54) g) was higher than that of control 1 d group((64.48 ± 17.95)g,P＜0.05) while PPI of stress 1 d group((28.60 ±29.02)％) was lower than that of control 1 d group( (41.60 ± 15.10)％,P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no differences of ASR between control 7 d group and stress 7 d group,control 14 d group and stress 14 d group (P＞ 0.05 ).Compared with control 7 d group ( (41.30 ± 12.79) ％ ),PPI in stress 7 d group ( ( 17.95 ± 31.79) ％ ) was reduced (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with control 14 d group ( (41.16 ± 12.25 ) ％ ),PPI in stress 14 d group( ( 13.71 ± 32.48) ％ ) was reduced (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionEffects of stress on ASR in rats increased in early period,while the impaired PPI may last for a long time.

Objective To investigate the effects of gastrodin on neural function and the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament high molecular weight (NFH) in the striatum during cerebral ischemiareperfusion in mice.Methods 36 Kunming mice were randomly divided into sham group,MCAO group and gastrodin (GAS) group.The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was established by artery embolization.The mice in sham group were received fake surgery and saline,and the mice in MCAO and GAS group were exposed to MCAO,and received saline and GAS (100 mg/(kg · d)) injection,respectively,immediately after the operation for 7 days.On the 8th day of operation,the neurological severity scores of the mice were observed and the volume ratio of the cerebral infarction was estimated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the MBP and NF-H in the striatum.Results (1) The mice in MCAO group showed significant neurologic deficient in comparison with sham group,and the neurological severity scores of gastrodin group(3.13±0.64) were significantly higher than that(1.38±0.52) of MCAO group (P＜0.05).(2) Results of TTC staining showed that the infarction volume was obviously larger in the injured cerebral tissue in MCAO group in comparison with sham group,and the volume ratio of the cerebral infarction significantly decreased after the intervention with GAS (P＜0.05).(3) The integral optical density of MBP(272968.14±1215.23) and NF-H(12 142.73±47.16) in MCAO group decreased as compared to that((43 855.23±2434.16),(275 321.00±926.15)) in sham group and GAS group((321 531.2±2376.14),(106 135.73±598.15)) (P＜0.05).Conclusion GAS can improve neural function of mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion,and it may play an important role in protecting myelin and nerve fibers of striatum.

Objective To investigate the effect of quetiapine (QUE) on the memory and doublecortin (DCX) expression in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice with cuprizone (CPZ)-induced schizophrenia in C57BL/ 6 mice.Methods 1％ dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a vehicle to dissolve QUE.Three group of mice,16 in each of three groups,were treated with vehicle (control group),0.2％ CPZ alone (CPZ group) or 0.2％ CPZ combined with 10 mg· kg-1 · d-1 QUE (QUE+CPZ group) for six weeks,respectively.Spatial working memory was evaluated by Y-type maze test 24 hours after the completion of the treatment period.The number of DCX positivenew neurons was calculated by immunofluorescence staining assay.The expression of Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.Results (1) Y-maze test:CPZ group achieved a much lower percentage of correct alternation than control group ((22.70±6.70) ％ vs (57.69 ±6.70)％) in Y-maze test (P＜0.05).The percentage of correct alternation in CPZ + QUE group ((54.69± 10.06) ％) was significantly increased compared with CPZ group (P＜0.01).CPZ mice exhibited significant spatial working memory impairment.(2) Immunofluorescence staining:the number of DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus of the CPZ group (6342.85± 1801.72) was significantly decreased compared with that in control group (19428.57±2507.13) (P＜0.01),and it was reversed by QUE intervention (15928.57±2049.97).(3) RT-PCR:the Notch1 and Hes1 mRNA expression in CPZ group were significant lower than that in sham and CPZ + QUE group,(Notch1 (0.97±0.29) vs (0.23±0.20),P＜0.01);Hes1 (1.00±0.41) vs (0.38±0.30),P＜0.01),and there was no significant difference between sham group and CPZ + QUE group.Conclusion QUE is helpful to relieve CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and decreases expression of DCX in hippocampal,which may be related with activation of Notch1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid on the behavioral changes in enhanced single prolonged stress (ESPS) model rats and the levels of interlukin-1β (IL-1β) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus.Methods 48 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n =8):Control group,Control + RA (L) group,Control + RA (H) group,ESPS group,ESPS + RA (L) group and ESPS + RA (H) group.Behavioral changes of these rats were analyzed by open field test and elevated plus-maze.The levels of IL-1 β and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Open field test showed that the number of central region entering and the fraction of time exploring in center of ESPS group were significantly reduced than that of Control group ((18.13 ± 10.15) times,(26.68 ± 10.06) ％) and ESPS + RA (H) group ((16.88 ± 8.81) times,(25.08 ± 8.52) ％) (P ＜ 0.05).And it showed no significant difference among Control + RA(L) group,Control + RA(H) group and Control group.Meanwhile,there was also no statistic difference between ESPS group and ESPS + RA(L) group.(2) Elevated plus-maze test showed that percentages of open arm entries and fraction of time exploring in open arm in reference to total number of entries into all arms and total time spent on all arms in ESPS group were significantly reduced than that of Control group((37.38 ± 8.24)％,(17.63 ±4.74)％) and ESPS + RA(H) group((33.72 ±9.49)％,(16.99 ±4.28)％) (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between that of ESPS group and ESPS + RA(L) group(P＞0.05).It also showed no significant difference among Control + RA (L) group,Control + RA (H) group and Control group.(3) Compared with ESPS group,RA(10mg/kg) reduced the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus,but RA(5mg/kg) did not have this effect.(4) Correlation analysis results showed the level of IL-1β in the hippocampus was negatively related with the ameliorated PTSD-like behaviors of ESPS exposure rats.Conclusion RA can ameliorate PTSDlike behaviors of ESPS exposure rats,and this effect may be carried out by down-regulating the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the hippocampus,especially the IL-1β.

Objective:To explore how coping style and social support influence the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, which act respectively as the internal and external mediating ways. Methods:A total of 283 patients with impaired glucose tolerance from 6 Three-A hospitals in China were surveyed with self-rating anxiety scale, self-rating depression scale, trait coping style questionnaire, social support scale, and WHOQOL-BREF.
Results:Biographic data failed to predict the quality of life in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, while anxiety, depression, social support and coping style significantly influenced their quality of life.
Conclusion:The fact that emotional disorder, social support and coping style influence the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes also exists in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Objective To study the changes of negative symptoms in PCP-induced schizophrenia rat model.Methods Thirty newborn female SD rats randomly divided into control group,PCP-week 6 group and PCP-week 10 group( n=10 in each group).Perinatal rat treated with PCP ( 10 mg/kg) on postnatal days 7,9 and 11(10 mg/kg,ip),and sucorse intalce test(SIT),forced swimming test(FST) and resident-intruder test(RIT) were used to test the emotional and negative symptoms.Results In the SIT,there was no difference between control and PCP groups (con:(28.24 ±0.86) ml/kg; week 6:(26.57 ± 1.01 ) ml/kg; week 10:(27.98 ±0.99) ml/kg,F =12.35,P ＞ 0.05 ).In the FST,PCP model rats showed longer still time ( con:(39.32 ± 1.98 ) s ; week 6:(52.39 ± 1.66)s,week 10:(55.56 ± 1.49)s,F=3.99,P＜ 0.05 ).In the RIT,PCP models rats showed less explore time ( (40.31 ± 13.56)s vs (63.90 ± 13.12)s,(43.65 ±12.86 )s vs (65.18 ± 15.12)s,P ＜ 0.05 ) and more escape time ((19.33±2.26) s vs (9.26 ± 1.32) s,(17.79 ±2.99) s vs (9.38 ± 1.36) s,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Perinatal PCP injection can induce the long-lasting negative-symptoms changes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ziprasidone on the behavior and the expression of pERK1/2 in posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) model rats.Methods 24 adult male SD rats weighing (200 ±20) g were randomly divided into four groups (n =6):control group,single prolonged stress and foot shock (SPS&S) group,ziprasidone group and ziprasidone + U0126 group.The fear response to environment,high alertness,and anxiety & depression behavior of rats were tested by the open field,elevated plus-maze,and the expression of pERK1/2 was measured by Western blot.ResultsIn open field test(OFT),the SPS&S group( (76.23 ± 54.76) cm for horizontal motion distance,(4.60 ± 1.14) for the number of entering central region) showed significant difference compared with control group ( (343.77 ± 74.22 ) cm,( 12.40 ± 3.36 ) ) or ziprasidone group ( ( 274.98± 83.56) cm,( 12.00 ± 2.92) ) (P ＜ 0.01 ),but showed no significant difference with ziprasidone + U0126 group ( ( 138.14 ± 41.98) cm,(5.00 ± 1.58) ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).The results of elevated plus maze (EPM) were in accordance with the results of OFT.The expression of pERK1/2 in SPS&S group and ziprasidone + U0126 group showed significant decrease when compared with control group or ziprasidone group (P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionZiprasidone can obviously improve fear response to environment,high alterness and anxiety & depression behavior of rats,and these effects of ziprasidone may be carried out by up-regulation the expression of pERK1/2.

Objective To investigate the effect of quetiapine on the behavior and expression of pERK1/2 in chronic unpredictable stress(CUS) model rats.Methods 32 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n =8 for each group):control group,CUS group,CUS + QUE (5 mg/kg,L) group and CUS + QUE(10 mg/kg,M)group.The rats in control group were left undisturbed in their home cage for 28 days and the other groups were exposed to 28 consecutive days of CUS,then the rats in control group and CUS group were treated with 1％ DMSO in saline (5 ml/kg,intraperitoneal injection),the rats in CUS + QUE (L)group and CUS + QUE(M) group respectively treated with quetiapine (5 mg/kg)or quetiapine(10 mg/kg) for consecutive 7 days.The weight data of each group were recorded,and the behavioral changes in these rats were analyzed by open field test and forced swimming test;and the expression of pERK1/2 was measured by Western blot.Results (1)Compared with control group,quetiapine (10 mg/kg) ameliorated the inhibition of body weight gain that induced by chronic unpredictable stress (P ＜ 0.05),but quetiapine (5 mg/kg) did not have this effect.(2)Open field and Forced swimming test showed significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) of horizontal motion distance (F =17.846),the number of central region entering(F=4.720) and the immobility time(F=26.090) in each group.And these tests showed that horizontal motion distance and the number of central region entering in CUS group ((6696.30 ±1061.19)mm,(19.63 ±9.15)times) were significantly lower than that of control group ((10824.61 ± 1399.37) mm,(37.75 ± 13.02) times) and CUS + QUE (M) group ((9637.51 ± 1630.16) mm,(32.38 ± 6.23)),while the immobility time (110.73 ± 15.98)s were significantly higher than that of control group((66.13 ± 5.18)s)and CUS + QUE (M) group((73.40 ± 11.99) s,P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference between that of CUS group and CUS + QUE(L) group(P＞0.05).(3)The expression of pERK1/2 in CUS group showed significant decrease when compared with control group or CUS + QUE (M) group,but showed no significant difference with CUS + QUE(L) group(F=6.641,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Quetiapine can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress,and this effect may be carried out by up-regulation the expression of pERK1/2 in the hippocampus.