The mainstay of nonpharmacological therapy of chronic heart failure patients is low sodium diet. This paper introduced the modified and unmodified influencing factors of patient compliance to low-sodium diet in chronic heart failure patients in order to provide new clues for the development of patient compliance.

Objective To explore the expression of growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)in the inferior colliculus in rats following bilateral cochlear ablation.Methods 35 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:3,7,14,21,28,90 days following bilateral cochlear ablation and the sham operation group as the control group.The immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of GAP-43 after bilateral cochlear ablation in each group.Results GAP-43 was expressed in each group.The GAP-43 expression in bilateral cochlear ablation group were higher than that in the control group.The expression increased at 3 days,followed by a constant increase at 7 to 14 days with the peak on day 14.On day 21 the GAP-43 expression began to decrease.The mean gray level of GAP-43 in all the staining of groups had statistic significance compared to the control group except the group of day 90.However,in all the 7 groups,the mean gray level between the left and right ears had no statistic significance.Conclusion The change of GAP-43 expression in the inferior colliculus following bilateral cochlear ablation reflects synaptic plasticity in inferior colliculus the neurons.

Objective To determine the nutrients contents in muscle of Culter erythropterus and evaluate its nutritive value. Method The nutrients composition was analysed by general method. Results The contents of moisture, crude protein, total fat, total sugar and ash were 78.29%, 18.31%, 0.97%, 1.18% and 1.17%, respectively. The total amount of AA, EAA, NEAA and FTAA was 71.93%, 31.61%, 40.32% and 25.57%, respectively. 26 kinds of FA were identified. There were 6 kinds of SFA, 20 kinds of UFA. The contents of SFA, MUFA and PUFA were 26.26%, 29.61% and 39.91%, respectively. The contents of DG, TG, FFA, Cho and PL were 3.69%, 11.71%, 23.60%, 0.54% and 60.46%, respectively. Conclusion The crude protein and PUFA were high in muscle of Culter erythropterus. It was beneficial for health to eat it regularly.

Objective To investigate the joint action mechanism of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of nursing staff in China,and probe into a joint action mechanism of such structure and empowerment on their satisfaction.Methods Totally 300 nurse specialists from secondary and tertiary hospitals in Anhui province were selected in a convenience sampling for investigation,by means of a general information questionnaire,Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire,Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaires-Ⅱ and Psychological Empowerment Scale.Results The nurses′job satisfaction were positively associated with both their total scoring and individual dimensions of the structural empowerment and psychological empowerment.As shown in the structural equation modeling,the model (the pathway from structural empowerment to nurses′ job satisfaction and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment are significant)fitted the data well. Conclusions Nursing managers can use the empowerment theory to fully leverage their management advantages,creating a desirable environment for the nursing staff at large.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of determining the maximum comfortabl level by using the acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold via cochlear implant. METHODS Eleve cases of Nucleus C124 cochlear implant recipients operated in our hospital were selected(8-39 years old, who can decide TIC value by themselves with the postoperative time ranging from device initiation to 1 year after operation),of those four cases were diagnosed as bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,1 case as common cavity dysplasia,.neural response telemetry of these five patients with inner ear dysplasia were very high or barely measurable.Real-MCL level and acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold under activated condition were measured respectively. The stimulating sound was 110dB of white noise.RESULTS The two group values of ASRT and real-MCL were found to be consistant .There is no significant difference statistically (P＞0.05). The thresholds of ASR increase with the increasing of real-MCL at the beginning of device initiation. CONCLUSION The acoustically evoked stapedius reflex threshold may reflect (ASRT) the maximum comfortable stimulation level under activated conditions in patients with cochlear implants.it is simple, reliable and may be used to determine the MCL of child cochlear implanted patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin on the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) in rats.Methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat and high-sucrose diet and intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) 35mg/kg,and confirmed by fasting blood glucose level≥ 16.7 mmol/L in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Type 2 DNP was confirmed by the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdraw latency (TWL) measured on day 14 after STZ administration ＜ 80％ of the baseline value,and the rats with type 2 DNP were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =27 each):type 2 DNP group (group DNP),curcumin group (group Cur) and solvent control group (group SC).Curcumin and corn oil 100 mg/kg (25 mg/ml) were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 14consecutive days starting from 14 days after administration of streptozocin in Cur and SC groups,respectively.Another 27 normal rats were served as control group (group C) and were fed with common forage.MWT and TWL were measured at 3,7 and 14 days after curcumin injection (T1 3),and the lumbar segment 4-6 of the spinal cord and DRGs were removed at the same time for determination of the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,MWT was significantly decreased,TWL was shortened,and the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in spinal dorsal horn and DRGs was up-regulated at T1-3 in DNP and SC groups,and at T1 in Cur group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group DNP,MWT was significantly increased,TWL was prolonged,and the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in spinal dorsal horn and DRGs was down-regulated at T2,3 in Cur group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the MWT,TWL and expression of p-ERK and p-CREB between DNP and SC groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Curcumin can attenuate type 2 diabetic DNP by inhibiting up-regulation of the expression of p-ERK and p-CREB in the spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats.

Objective To determine the appropriate dosage of parexoxib sodium for postoperative analgesia in different age children with day surgery.Methods One hundred and eighty ASA Ⅰ children aged 1-12 yr scheduled for day surgery undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia combined with lateral inguinal regional blockade were divided into 3 groups according to age ( n =60 each):group 1-3 yr (group Ⅰ ),group 4-6 yr (group Ⅱ ) and group 7-12 yr (group Ⅲ).Eeach group was randomly divided into 2 sub-groups( n =30): parecoxib sodium 0.5 mg/kg (sub-group A) and parecoxib sodium 1.0 mg/kg (sub-group B).Sub-groups A and B received iv injection of paracoxib sodium 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg respectively immediately at skin incision.Analgesic effect was evaluated by FLACC score (group Ⅰ ),CHEOPS score (group Ⅱ ) and VAS scroe (group Ⅲ) at 6(T1 ),12(T2 )and 24 h (T3)after operation.The effective analgesia was defined as FLACC score≤3,CHEOPS score≤7 or VAS score≤ 3.Side effects were also observed.Results Compared with sub-group B,FLACC score was significantly increased at T1 in sub-group Ⅰ -A ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in CHEOPS score or VAS score between sub-groups Ⅱ -A and Ⅱ -B,and between sub-groups Ⅲ-A and Ⅲ-B (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of effective analgesia was 97％ in group Ⅰ (93％ in group sub-group Ⅰ -A,100％ in sub-group Ⅰ -B),100％ in group Ⅱ and 93％ in group Ⅲ (97％ in sub-group Ⅲ-A,90％ in sub-group Ⅲ-B).There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effect between sub-groups Ⅰ -A and Ⅰ -B,between sub-groups Ⅱ -A and Ⅱ -B,and between sub-groups Ⅲ-A and Ⅲ-B ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Parecoxib sodium 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg can be used in postoperative analgesia in children aged 1-3 yr or 4-12 yr with day surgery respectively.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ). Methods A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted. The patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS admitted to Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of 70 hospitals across the country during 2006 to 2008 were enrolled. All of the patients received the basis treatment of conventional therapy, plus Xuebijing injection of 50-100 mL, 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days, and the dose might be increased in serious cases. The vital signs, 24-hour urine output, Glasgow coma score ( GCS ), white blood cell count ( WBC ), platelet count ( PLT ), Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), blood lactate ( Lac ), blood glucose, serum creatinine ( SCr ), and total bilirubin ( TBil ) were observed before treatment, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment, and at the end of the treatment. The results of above mentioned parameters after the treatment were compared with that before treatment in each patient. At the same time, the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions were recorded to evaluate the safety of Xuebijing injection. Results A total of 2 574 patients were enrolled, and in 2 509 cases the treatment was completed in, with a drop of 65 cases. 704 cases were diagnosed to have sepsis, 768 with severe sepsis, and 1 037 with MODS. According to TCM, in 1 951 cases syndrome of stasis-toxin in the interior, and in 558 syndrome of excessive exuberance of heat-toxic in the interior were diagnosed. After the treatment of Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy, the temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, WBC, PLT, GCS, 24-hour urine output, blood glucose, Lac, SCr, TBil, Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, as well as the symptoms, signs and TCM tongue condition and pulse condition, and TCM scores were significantly improved in all patients as well as the patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The effective rate of all patients and the patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS was 89.20%( 2 238/2 509 ), 92.76%( 653/704 ), 91.54%( 703/768 ), 85.05%( 882/1 037 ), respectively, and the 28-day survival rate was 93.90%( 2 356/2 509 ), 98.01%( 690/704 ), 96.35%( 740/768 ), 89.30%( 926/1 037 ), respectively. In 3 patients with MODS adverse events ( 0.12%) occurred, including 2 cases of stress ulcer and 1 case of Adams-Stokes syndrome. After clinical evaluation, the adverse events were found to be unrelated with the study medication, and Xuebijing injection was continued till the end of treatment. Conclusion Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy may effectively ameliorate systemic inflammatory response, protect organ function, alleviate the symptoms, improve organ functions, and elevate the clinical cure rate. Adverse events occur occasionally. Xuebijing injection is found to be safe.

OBJECTIVE To find the best way to evaluate the hearing threshold with the objectivethresholds of auditory brainstem response(ABR) and 40Hz auditory event related potential(40Hz AERP) . METHODS Pure tone audiometry,ABR and 40Hz AERP detection were performed in 120 recipients from whom 86 ears were available to be analyzed. According to the styles of configuration of hearing,we divided the 86 ears into 3 groups. There were 37 ears in flat style group,29 ears in descent style group,20 ears in ascent style group. The values were statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Correlations and multiple linear regression analysis were used in each group separately and three kind of mathematic models were established to estimate the subjective auditory thresholds. Then the models were simplified and tested. At last the models were checked out in 10 new recipients separately. RESULTS The pure tone audiometric threshold had good liner correlations with ABR and 40Hz AERP in three groups(R2=0.932,0.944,0.934) . In the flat style group,the subjective average auditory threshold can be estimated by ABR threshold. The predict mathematic model of the descent style group was 1/3(40HzAERP) +2/3ABR and the model of the ascent style group was 2/3(40HzAERP) +1/3ABR. Mean square deviation test showed equation manners were better than ABR means. CONCLUSION We can predict the subjective average auditory threshold more accurately than ABR only from ABR threshold and 40Hz AERP values with the predict mathematic models in young child and patients difficult to be test with subjective audiometry.

BACKGROUND:Hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes is the sign of starting endochondral ossification, and it is also an essential step in endochondral ossification, which is a cascade reaction and difficult to be blocked once started. The end result is the formation of bone structure. RNA interference is a post-transcriptional gene silencing. Relevant studies have shown that the use of RNA interference to block the expression of core binding factorα1 (Cbfα1) can effectively inhibit the formation of heterotopic ossification. OBJECTIVE:To use RNA intereference technology to suppress Cbfα1 expression so as to achieve the purpose of blocking the hypertrophic diferentiation of chondrocytes. METHODs: We constructed an adenovirus containing siRNA against Cbfα1 (Ad-Cbfα1-siRNA). Retinoic acid and interleukin-1α were used to induce hypertrophic differetiation of chondrocytes, and then Ad-Cbfα1-siRNA was utilized to inhibit the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes. Immunohistochemistry method was used to analyze the expression of Cbfα1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After induction with retinoic acid and interleukin-1α, the chondrocytes in the negative control virus group appeared to have hypertrophy and the expression of Cbfα1 was positive. In the Ad-Cbα1-siRNA group, the expression of Cbfα1 was negative. These findings suggest that the inhibition of Cbfα1 by RNA interference can be a powerful way to prevent the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes .