OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and bupivacaine in children undergoing epidural anesthesia so as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this anesthetic method.METHODS:A total of 30 children who were expected to undergo surgery for undescended testis,hernia or high ligature for hydrocele were assigned to receive 2% lidocaine(5 mg?kg-1) plus 0.75% bupivacaine(1.875 mg?kg-1)(single epidural dose) by epidural anesthesia.Plasma concentrations of lidocaine and bupivacaine were determined by HPLC.Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated and fitted by using DAS ver 2.0 pharmacokinetic program.RESULTS:The plasma concentration-time curves of lidocaine and bupivacaine were in line with a two-compartment model.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine vs.bupivacaine were as follows:tmax 27.0 vs.33.0 min;t1/2? 43.97 min vs.73.52 min;Cmax 2.411 mg?L-1 vs.1.475 mg?L-1;AUC0～∞ 144.714 mg?min?L-1 vs.168.541 mg?min?L-1.CONCLUSION:The dosages of the local anesthetics injected into the epidural cavity of children are proven to be safe and effective.

Objective To explore the relationship of perceived professional benefit, job satisfaction, and retention willingness of nurses. Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to investigate 493 nurses from 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Taian. Results The mean scores of nurses′perceived professional benefit, job satisfaction, and retention willingness were 134.19 ± 19.79,121.52 ± 18.41, and 21.18 ± 4.23, respectively. Perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction were positively correlated with retention willingness (P<0.01). Job satisfaction played a partial mediation role in the relationship between perceived professional benefit and retention willingness. Conclusion Job satisfaction and perceived professional benefit have a positive influence on nurses′retention willingness .

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficiency of adenovirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene(AdmIL-12) and CD40 ligand gene(AdmCD40L) intratumoral transfer in established murine melanoma in vivo. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with B16 cells to establish the murine melanoma model. The tumor-bearing mice were injected intratumorally with murine IL-12 gene and CD40L gene recombinant adenovirus. Tumor growth and the survival of tumor-bearing mice were observed. The CTL activity was measured in vitro by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay. Results: Both AdmIL-12 and AdmCD40L can be efficiently expressed in vitro and in vivo. The treatment with AdmIL-12 could significantly inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the survival period of the tumor-beraing mice. Splenic CTL activity of the mice was also enhanced after IL-12 gene transfer. But the anti-tumor effects of AdmCD40L gene were not significant. In contrast, Co-delivery of IL-12 gene and CD40L gene lead to stronger antitumor effects than IL-12 gene alone. Conclusion: Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene and CD40 ligand gene transfer together intratumorally has significant therapeutic effects on mice melanoma in vivo.

Objective:Prepared the specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) against the cell wall protein of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (tmCWP) and detected its biological activities,which was to establish the basis for the preventment and treatment in dermatophytes disease.Methods: In this work,tmCWP was extracted and purified by cold alkali method,and being used as immunogen to immunized healthy laying hens.The IgY was extracted from the egg yolk by polyethylene glycol method and purified by saturated ammonium sulfate method,respectively.The concentration of the extracted IgY was detected by Bradford method.The purity and molecular weight of the specific anti-tmCWP IgY were analysed by SDS-PAGE.The titer of IgY was obtained by ELISA.The immunoreactivity of IgY was performed by Western blot.Results: The purity of the extracted IgY reached to 87.27％.ELISA indicated that the titer of the specific anti-tmCWP IgY gradual rised 20 days after primary immunization and reached to the highest value (1∶32 000) after 45 days.Western blot revealed that the specific IgY showed a good immunoreactivity and a specifically combination capacity.Conclusion: In our work,the tmCWP could be regarded as the immunogen to prepare the specific anti-tmCWP IgY,which could provide a novel thought for the therapy of Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in cancer pain management. METHODS:The cases were presented to investigate the content and method of clinical pharmacists participating in cancer pain management. RESULTS:The clinical pharmacists could provide professional analgesic recommendations and participated in the formulation of individual analge-sic plan. By carrying out pharmaceutical care and patient education,clinical pharmacists could find potential medication risk,cor-rected medication errors and improved patient compliance. By carrying out patient family members training,clinical pharmacists could help to strengthen patient support system and improve cancer pain management effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical phar-macists participating in cancer pain management can promote rational use of analgesics,guarantee the safety of drug use,and im-prove cancer pain management.

Objective:To explore the correlation among serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI),N terminal pro brain natri-uretic peptide (NT-proBNP)and main endpoint events of heart in patients with chronic stable heart failure.Meth-ods:The present study enrolled 95 patients with NYHA cardiac function class III~IV from Feb 2010 to Feb 2011.According to levels of cTnI and NT-proBNP,the patients were divided into cTnI negative group (n=60)and cTnI positive group (n=35);NT-proBNP negative group (n=40)and NT-proBNP positive group (n=55),all patients were followed up for two years,and the main endpoint events were cardiogenic sudden death and rehospitalization caused by acute aggravation of heart failure.Results:Compared with negative group,the hazard ratio (HR)of end-point events was 2.69 and confidence interval (CI)was 1.54~ 4.72,P = 0.002 in cTnI positive group;HR was 2.54 and CI was 1.35~4.78,P =0.003 in NT-proBNP positive group;further interclass crossover analysis found that,when patients'cTnI and NT-proBNP were both positive,the hazard ratio of cardiac endpoint events was the highest (HR=6.34,CI 2.26~17.9,P <0.001).Conclusion:In patients with chronic stable heart failure,serum elevated levels of cardiac troponin I and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide are important predictors reflecting prognosis of patients with heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the applicability of EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Level questionnaire (Chinese Version 1.0) (EQ-5D-3L) in the assessment of life quality of patients with idopathic sudden hearing loss. METHOD: In this retrospect study, the EQ-5D-3L was assigned to 60 patients with idopathic sudden hearing loss before and after drug therapy. Audiometry examinations were undertaken and concomitant symptoms were recorded. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applicated to the comparisons of results of EQ-5D-3L before and after the treatment, a t-test for results of EQ-VAS and a Kappa measurement for the consistency of certain dimension correlated with the symptoms. RESULT: Sixty patients completed the five questions and visual analog scale of the EQ-5D. A statistically significant changes of pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression before and after the treatment were observed (P < 0.05). The domains of mobility, self-care and usual activities did not show statistically significant different (P > 0.05). The dimension of pain/discomfort was in agreement with the concomitant symptoms. And the result of EQ-VAS was in agreement with the therapeutic outcome. CONCLUSION It is suitable for the EQ-5D to be a general health measure with sensitivity to clinical change in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which monitors the patients' outcomes.
Depression ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Self Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Analog Scale

OBJECTIVEThis study investigates the circadian variation rules of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled genes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 in different stages of carcinogenesis in buccal mucosa carcinoma and their roles in the development of buccal mucosa carcinoma.

METHODSNinety Syrian golden hamsters were housed under. 12 h light/12 h dark cycles. Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) was used to establish the carcinoma model by smearing the golden hamster buccal mucosa. Before DMBA painting and after 6 and 14 weeks, the hamsters were sacrificed at six time points within a period of 24 h (i.e., 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h after light onset), and the normal buccal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and cancer tissues were simultaneously obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were prepared to observe the canceration of each tissue. Real time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53. Cosine analysis was employed to determine the circadian-rhythm variations of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA expression in terms of median, amplitude, and acrophase.

RESULTSThe expression of Per2, VEGF, P53, and c-Myc mRNA in three different stages appeared with circadian rhythms (P<0.05), whereas the Ki67 mRNA was expressed with circadian rhythm only in normal and precancerous lesion stages (P<0.05). The midline-estimating statistic of rhythms (MESORs) of Per2 and P53 mRNA were significantly down-regulated with the development of cancer (P<0.05), whereas the MESORs of VEGF, c-Myc, and Ki67 mRNA were up-regulated (P<0.05). The amplitude of P53 mRNA significantly decreased with the development of cancer (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, the amplitudes of Per2, VEGF, Ki67, and c-Myc mRNA significantly increased in precancerous lesions and cancer tissue (P<0.05). In precancerous stage, the acrophases of Per2, VEGF, and c-Myc mRNA were earlier than that in the normal group, whereas that of Ki67 and P53 mRNA were delayed.

CONCLUSIONThe circadian-rhythm characteristics of the clock gene Per2 and clock-controlled gene expression of VEGF, Ki67, c-Myc, and P53 mRNA have changed with the occurrence and development of carcinoma.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cricetinae ; Mesocricetus ; Mouth Mucosa ; metabolism ; Mouth Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Period Circadian Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Objectives To investigate the consumption of carbohydrate and distribution of dietary glycemic load (GL) in Chinese adults. Method Data from China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 were used for this analysis. Dietary glycemic load was calculated as a function of glycemic index, carbohydrate content and frequency of intake of individual foods. Results Dietary glycemic load was contributed by 92% from cereals. People with low dietary GL /4184 kJ tended to consume more fat, less cereals, and less carbohydrates. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in those with low GL/4184 kJ, especially in urban residents. Conclusion People with low GL/4184 kJ tend to consume more fat, less cereals, less carbohydrates. The situation in urban residents is more serious. Based on factors including cereals intake, energy contribution from fat and carbohydrates, prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity. A proposed range for dietary GL /4184 kJ in Chinese adults can be 80~120.

Objectives To analyze the relationship between dietary carbohydrate and glycemic load(GL) and the plasma lipid level and dyslipidemia risk. Method The sample of adults above 18y of age from "National Survey on Nutrition and Health Status of the Chinese People 2002" was used,excluding pregnant women,mothers and people who controled their diets. Data of GI from China Food Composition 2002 and International Glycemic Index Table 2002 were used. The dietary GL as the indicator of dietary carbohydrate was calculated by multiplying the carbohydrate content of each food by its glycemic index,then multiplied by frequency of consumption and summed up from all food. Correlation analysis,multiple regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between dietary GL and plasma lipid level and dyslipidemia risk. Results Dietary GL remained inversely associated with plasma total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) . With the increase of dietary GL,the risk of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C decreased. In the meantime dietary GL remained negatively associated with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) . With the increase of dietary GL,the risk of low blood HDL-C increased. Dietary GL remained inversely associated with plasma triglyceride(TG) ,but showed no significant influence on risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion The traditional Chinese dietary pattern which is characterized by cereals as staple food is helpful to decrease dyslipidemia risk.