Long-term or even permanent neuronal injury can follow administration of general anesthetics.It has been confirmed that some elderly patients may experience a decline in cognitive function after general anesthesia.However,the effects of general anesthetics on the central nervous system have not been determined yet.Here we summarize the effects of general anesthetics on the central nervous system in pediatric patients and immature animals.

Objective:To investigate the changes of the levels of CD 4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in HDCP peripheral blood and its significance.Methods: From 2013 January to 2014 August 46 hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy ( HDCP ) patients treated in our hospital ,including 22 patients with mild preeclampsia ,24 cases of severe preeclampsia ,and 25 normal pregnant women,used flow cytometry detected each group patient peripheral blood CD 4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells.Results: Severe preeclampsia group CD4+CD25+T cell ratio was (5.01±1.04)%,lower than mild preeclampsia group (7.38±1.26)% and normal pregnant women group ( 12.59 ±2.48 )%, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 );Mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia group CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell absolute number respectively were (0.96±0.11) ×107 and (0.63±0.12) ×107,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg/CD4+T were (2.58±0.93)%and (1.84±0.85)%,were lower than that of normal pregnant women group (1.85± 0.17) ×107 and(5.11±0.99)%,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);Mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia blood estriol were (6.16±2.17) mg/L and (3.27±1.15) mg/L,significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women group (11.34±2.4) mg/L,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy diseases patient CD 4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells was significantly reduced ,but also serum estriol reduced ,which may be related to the pathogenesis of gestational hypertension disease and immune tolerance .

We have used continuous epidural anaethesia for 308 cases of orthopoedis operation of poliomyelitic sequel since 1983 to 1987. The satisfactory rate of anesthesia effect is 92%. However, as the disease caused by a special change of pathology, we have also found some ineffective cases. The causes of defect are multiple. The questions met during Anesthesia in our case series were discussed.

[Objective] To introduce the experience of Professor ZHANG Biao in the treatment of infantile dyspepsia. [Methods] Through the long-term study with Professor ZHANG, large amounts of medical records are collected and generalized, so that the experiences concerning infantile dyspepsia are summarized, when and how to choose activation, tonification or digestion depends on excess and deficiency,and proven cases are presented. [Results] It is thought that infantile dyspepsia mostly belongs to excess syndrome, or excess syndrome combined with deficiency syndrome, so the treatment is heiping digestion, tonifying spleen and harmonizing stomach. Professor ZHANG thinks that the cause of children's dyspepsia is the weakness in spleen and stomach eventually. It is characterized by excess in syndromes and deficiency in root causes. Its clinical manifestations are concurrence of excess and deficiency. As for the treatment, there's no need to wait for the pathogenic qi to disappear. The basic principle of treatment is always to activate the spleen, regulate qi and help digestion. Professor ZHANG raises that syndromes with more deficicency than excess are treated by activating spleen, which is complemented by tonification. That is to say, activation and tonification are combined, while helping digestion is considered, also. But as to syndromes with more excess than deficiency, the treatment will be activating spleen combined with helping digestion, also with regulating qi. He also cares for children 's regulating and giving reasonable advice. [Conclusion]According to the children's characteristics of physiology and pathology, we should pay more attention to excess and deficiency to choose better method, at the same time, proper feeding and teaching are also important.

As one of members of the Notch gene family , Notch-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in the processing of cell proliferation , differentiation , survival and apoptosis .The abnormal expression of Notch-1 is closely related to tumorigenesis and de-velopment .In recent years , many studies have focused on the relationship between the Notch-1 signaling pathway and tumor .This arti-cle reviews the achievement of Notch-1 signaling pathway in recent tumor researches .

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by enlarged hyperplastic lymph node(s). Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is an indolent condition often treated by local approaches. On the contrary, pa-tients with multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) have less favorable prognoses and require systemic treatments. Cytotoxic chemother-apy has been widely used to treat MCD with varying degrees of response because of the toxicity risk of the treatment. The pathogenesis remains unknown;however, most pieces of evidence to date point toward human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) and deregulated overproduc-tion of interleukin (IL-6). Discovery of putative etiologic factors and targets in MCD, particularly HHV-8, CD20, and IL-6, has translat-ed to the use of rituximab, anti-IL-6-based, and antiviral therapy. Good results have been realized through targeting HHV-8 replication, CD20, and IL-6 pathways. In this article, we reviewed the classification, pathogenesis, and current treatments of CD and provided in-sights into future treatment strategies based on disease biology.

Objective To compare the efficacy and adverse reaction of teniposide (VM-26) plus carboplatin (TC regimen) and etoposide (VP-16) plus carboplatin (EC regimen) in treatment of newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the possible role of VM-26 on prevention of brain metastasis of SCLC. Methods A total of 102 previously untreated SCLC patients without brain metastasis were divided into VP-16 group received EC regimen (n=64) and VM-26 group received TC regimen(n=38). The carboplatin dosages in two groups were calculated by blood concentration-area under the curve(AUC)=5, and intravenous infusion of 1 h for the first day. In VM-26 group, VM-26 70 mg/m2+normal saline 500 mL was intravenously infused of 2 h for 1-3 days. VP-16 100 mg/m2+normal saline 500 mL was given to VP-16 group, 1 h for 1-3 days. Twenty-one day was for 1 treatment cycle. The curative effect, prognosis and adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results The overall response rates (ORR) and disease control rates (DCR) were 78.9%(30/38) and 97.4%(37/38) in VM-26 group, respectively, and 76.6%(49/64) and 95.3%(61/64) in VP-16 group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (χ2=0.078 and 0.283, P<0.05). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 months (95%CI 7.4-12.6) in VM-26 group and 9 months (95%CI 6.4-11.6) in VP-16 group (χ2=0.029,P=0.866). The median overall survival (OS) was 18 months (95%CI 16.5-19.5) and 16 months (95%CI 9.9-22.1) in VM-26 group and VP-16 group (χ2=0.217,P=0.642), respectively. The survival rates for 1,2 and 3 years were 73.7%, 36.8%and 18.4%in VM-26 group, and 71.9%, 37.5%and 18.8%in VP-16 group, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The brain metastasis rate was significantly higher in VP-16 group [43.8%(28/64)] than that of VP-26 group [21.1%(8/38),χ2=5.379,P=0.02). The adverse reactions were mainly grade 1/2 bone marrow suppression in two groups. Conclusion TC is a highly active regimen for treatment of SCLC. There is no difference in the ef?fectiveness and adverse reactions versus EC. Application of VM-26 can reduce the incidence of brain metastasis in SCLC patients.

Objective To explore the relationship of perceived professional benefit, job satisfaction, and retention willingness of nurses. Methods Convenience sampling method was adopted to investigate 493 nurses from 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Taian. Results The mean scores of nurses′perceived professional benefit, job satisfaction, and retention willingness were 134.19 ± 19.79,121.52 ± 18.41, and 21.18 ± 4.23, respectively. Perceived professional benefit and job satisfaction were positively correlated with retention willingness (P<0.01). Job satisfaction played a partial mediation role in the relationship between perceived professional benefit and retention willingness. Conclusion Job satisfaction and perceived professional benefit have a positive influence on nurses′retention willingness .

Objective To investigate changes of synaptic interface structural in the hippocampus Cal in high and low conditioned place preference(CPP) rats after chronic morphine treatment.Methods The male SD rats were randomly distributed to experiment group 130 cases(intraperitoneal injected morphine twice a day for ten days in an ascending dosage schedule) and control group 30 cases(injected saline of the same volume at same time).The rats in experiment group were re-classified into high preference group(HP),middle group and low preference group(LP) according to the numerical value of the CPP.The middle group was rejected.The rats in HP and LP were scarified at the time of 3h,3d and 14d after the last injection.The hippocampus Cal were removed and prepared for electron microscope specimen.The synaptie interface structure parameter were analyzed by image processing technique.Results ①No significant difference of pretest scores staying at the non-preference chambet existed among the three groups(F=0.78,P=0.47).However,the test scores of the CPP minus the time stayed at pretest natural preference in the high group was significantly higher than that of the low group(P=0.00).②At the 3h and 3d,the PSD of the high group((15.20±-3.65)nm) was significantly lower than low group((17.63±6.61)nm,P<0.01);the synaptic cleft of high group((5.77±2.08)nm) was significantly higher than low group ((4.92±1.65)nm,P<0.05).At the 14d,the PSD of the high group((16.22±4.93)nm) was significantly lower than low group((18.42±3.78)nm,P<0.01).Conclusion In hippocampal Cal area the synaptic cleft in the HP group was higher than that of LP group,the post-synaptic density in the HP group was lower than that of LP group.These changes may be the synaptic basic of the different susceptibility.

Objective To evaluate the preclinical safety of 2-methoxyestradiol nanosuspension. Methods The safety of 2-methoxyestradiol nanosuspension for injection was observed through vascular stimulation test of the ear vein on rabbits, hemolytic test using rabbit erythrocytes, active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) test on guinea pigs and acute toxicity test on mice. Results 2-Methoxyestradiol nanosuspension injection had no irritating effects on vessels, and no haemocytolysis, agglutination and ASA occurred.ASA test showed no allergy symptoms such as piloerection, nose rubbing and dyspnea in guinea pigs 30 min after sensitization.Acute toxicity test revealed that no pathological changes, including black spots and hyperaemia, were visually observed on the heart, liver and lungs after 14 days of intravenous administration. Conclusion 2-Methoxyestradiol nanosuspension injection is relatively safe, with low toxicity, and no hemolytic, anaphylactic and irritating effects. It may be clinically used for injection.