Objective To explore a new method for evaluating muscle fatigue by analyzing the surface electromyographic(SEMG) signal characteristics and to search for the practical use of SEMG.Methods Four healthy young females performed continuous isometric contractions of vastus medialis at 65? knee extension with 60% MVC for 3 minutes. SEMG signals were recorded from bilateral vastus medialis. The data were analyzed through curve fitting and nonlinear regression.Results All the estimative curves for SEMG parameter in relation to the testing phase are of cubic with the equations of Y=b_0+b_1x+b_2x2+b_3x3. The b1 and b3 in the formula are negative and b2 is positive for MF,MPF,ZCR, whereas the b1 and b3 are positive and b2 is negative for AEMG.Conclusion The cubic curve during muscle fatigue suggests that three main factors may involve in muscle fatigue. The factors were discussed briefly and need to be confirmed further.

Aim To establish a HPLC method for determination of the content of Huperzine A in Huperzia serrata and compare it in different parts of the plants. Method DiamonsilTm C_ 18 column(200 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)was used; the mobile phase was methanol ∶0.08 mol?L-1ammonium acetate buffer(40 ∶60,pH=6.0),the detection wavelength was 308 nm, with flow rate at 1.0 ml?min-1;the column temperature was room temperature.Results There is a good linear relationship within the range of 5～100 mg?L-1(r=0.9997).The average recovery was 99.10%,with RSD 2.44%(n=5).Regarding the content of Huperzine A in different parts of Huperzia serrata, it was found that the quantity of Huperzine A in leaf was higher than that in stem and it was the lowest in root. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable etition. Huperzine A can be accumulated in the aboveground part of the plant.

Objective To investigate the application opportunity and effect of B-Lynch suture in severe postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section. Methods One hundred patients with high risk to postpartum hemorrhage were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was given with preventive treatment by B-Lynch suture after the placenta was born. Group B was given with traditional treatment, such as kneading the uterus, pressing, "8" suture, stuffing with gauze first. B-Lynch suture was used after the failure of traditional treatment or the amount of bleeding was over 400 ml.At the same time, another 50 patients without severe postpartum hemorrhage were selected as control (group C). Observed the difference of the amount of bleeding during different time, the operation time and comphcations among the three groups. Results The amount of bleeding during operation and 2 h after childbirth in group A [(266.00±29.90),(301.33±40.30) ml] were obviously less than those in group B[(512.67±202.12), (554.17±201.78)ml](P<0.01). The operation time in group A [(33.73±2.28)min] was shorter than that in group B [(49.33±10.40) min] (P<0.01). The incidence rate of severe postpartum hemorrhage in group A (6%, 3/50) was lower than that in group B (64%, 32/50) (P<0.01). Every parameter in group A was similar with group C. There were no serious complications during and after operation. Conclusions The preventive use of B-Lynch suture in patients with high risk to postpartum hemorrhage attains much better effects, and depresses the incidence rate of severe postpartum hemorrhage, and also improves the living quality. B-Lynch suture should be. used widely in patients with high risk to postpartum hemorrhage preventively.

Objective To analyze the glucose and metabolism and perinatal outcome in pregnant women with different extent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) of IADPSG diagnostic criteria,and to investigate the necessity to manage mild GDM.Methods Total 368 pregnant women at 24-28 gestational weeks were given 75 g glucose oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).They were divided into three groups according OGTI result,single abnormal group (GDM1 group,148 cases),combination abnormal group (GDM2 group,120 cases) and normal group (100 cases).The three groups were given determinations of glycosylated hemoglobin,fasting C peptide (FCP),fasting insulin (FINS),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and ApoB,calculated homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis beta cell index (HBCI).Results From normal group,GDM1 group to GDM2 group,the fasting plasma glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,FCP,HOMA-IR,TG were gradually increased [(4.39 ± 0.38),(4.98 ± 0.49),(5.25 ± 0.59) mmol/L; (5.10 ± 0.29)％,(5.27 ± 0.36)％,(5.46 ± 0.46)％ ;(1.37 ±0.67),(1.73 ±0.73),(1.99 ±0.96) μ g/L;1.07 ±0.42,1.26 ±0.54,1.37 ±0.43; (2.77 ±0.67),(3.05 ± 0.78),(3.34 ± 0.92) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.01],while HBCI was gradually decreased (5.93 ± 0.48,5.42 ±0.45,5.29 ± 0.44,P ＜ 0.01).ApoA1 in GDM1 group and GDM2 group were significantly lower than that in normal group [(2.21 ±0.39),(2.15 ±0.35) g/L vs.(2.42 ±0.37) g/L,P ＜0.01],but there was no significant difference between GDM1 group and GDM2 group (P＞ 0.05).ApoB/ApoA1 in GDM2 group was significantly higher than that in normal group and GDM1 group (0.49 ±0.14 vs.0.42 ±0.14 and 0.45 ±0.12,P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between normal group and GDM 1 group (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in FINS,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoB,neonatal weight and the incidence rate of premature delivery among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rates of eclampsism,large for date infant and cesarean section in GDM1 group and GDM2 group were significantly higher than those in normal group [8.1％(12/148) and 14.2％(17/120) vs.2.0％(2/100),14.9％(22/148) and 16.7％(20/120)vs.6.0％(6/100),52.0％(77/148) and 54.2％(65/120) vs.30.0％(30/100),P＜ 0.01].Conclusions Different extent GDM of IADPSG diagnostic criteria has different extent abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and abnormal perinatal outcome,so it is necessary to diagnose and manage GDM pregnant women even mild GDM.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of SSR in the process of cardiac remodeling.Methods Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in mice to establish cardiac remodeling model.Mice subjected to isoproterenol (ISO) subcutaneous injection for 2 weeks to establish acute cardiac injury model.Mice subjected to aortic banding (AB) to establish a mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression change of SSR in various cardiac remodeling models.Results The expression levels of SSR subunit 1 (SSR1) and 3 (SSR3) were significantly decreased in mice after 2 weeks of MI (P ＜ 0.05),and were also decreased in acute cardiac injury induced by 2 weeks of ISO injection (P ＜ 0.05),and reduced afterl week of AB operation (P ＜ 0.05).However,the expression of SSR1 and SSR3 increased at 2 weeks after AB (P ＜ 0.05),and sustained to 8 wccks after AB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression of SSR3 and SSR1 in different models of cardiac remodeling were significantly changed,and showed dynamic changes,suggesting that it may participate in the occurrence and development of cardiac remodeling.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infection. Methods Distribution and resistance of pathogens in 260 culture-positive hospitalized complicated urinary tract patients from 1995 to 2001 were analyzed. Results Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 77. 3% , with 44. 2% of E. Coli. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 16. 9% , with 11. 6% of Enterococci; and fungi accounted for 5. 8%. E. Coli had the highest resistance rate of 84. 1% for ampicillin. Resistance rate of E. Coli to amoxicillin/clavulate(21. 3% ) was significantly lower than that to ampicillin alone ( P

Objective To study the possibility of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed by ultrasonography,and the relationship between the fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma and family tuberous sclerosis. Methods High resolution ultrasonic equipment with fetal cardiac software was used. The main cross section of four chamber view was studied mainly. The location, the number of the tumor and the outflow tract of left and right ventricular cordis were scanned carefully, the maternal abdominal scan was performed as well. Results Five cases of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma were found by routine prenatal ultrasonography, and were confirmed by autopsy. Among them, one case were associated with maternal tuberous sclerosis. Conclusions Fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Fetus with cardiac rhabdomyoma frequently die of cardiac failure; since the prognosis of the tuberous sclerosis with neural sclerosis was very poor, when the fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma was detected prenatally, the possibility of tuberous sclerosis should be considered, also relative examination must be performed to the mother to decrease the perinatal mortality.

Objective To improve the diagnosis of amniotic bands syndrome with ultrasound. Methods All pregnant women underwent ultrasonographic examination to observe the intra amniotic band like structures. Results Among 8771 women undergone ultrasound examination, 60 were found with intra amniotic band structure. Seven cases were diagnosed as amniotic bands syndrome and 53 intra amniotic band like structures included extra amniotic pregnancy(7), amniotic sheets(4), incomplete uterine septum(24), fetal nuchal cystic hygroma(2), fetal nuchal and trunk edema(11) and disclosed extra embryo sac(5). Conclusions Not all the intra amniotic band like structures is amniotic band. But any abnormal structures detected in early stage should be closely followed up.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics and outcomes of IgA nephropathy(IgAN)presented with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and its relationship with prognosis. Methods From 1987 to 2002,clinical and pathological characteristics of IgAN presented with NS and its response to glucocorticoids therapy were reviewed and compared to non-nephrotic group. Results 7 ^1%(51/723) of IgAN presented as NS.The prevalence of hypertension and renal insufficiency was significantly higher in nephrotic group than that of non-nephrotic group(35 ^3% vs 13 ^8% and 47 ^1% vs 19 ^2%, P

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease and a growing public health burden.Female sexual function in patients with diabetes mellitus is complex and encompasses physical and emotional well-being across the lifespan.This review aims to discuss the development of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes,while defining the parameters of dysfunction,and to present suggested risk factors and pathogenetic pathways,while offering evidencebased strategies for the evaluation of sexual dysfunction and management.