In recent years,there has been a gradual increase in the number of common diseases among children in China,especially younger children.Children are a unique population with distinct differences from adults,such as indications,dosage,accessories,and other characteristics,when it comes to using medication.Long-acting injections,in comparison to regular injections used for long-term treatment in children,can reduce sudden drug side effects and significantly decrease injection frequency.This greatly improves compliance among child patients and enhances clinical outcomes.Long-acting injections offer significant advantages for managing diseases in children.This paper reviews the progress made in basic research on long-acting injectable formulations for children based on interactions between drugs and materials.Additionally,potential future development directions are discussed to guide further advancements in long-acting injections specifically designed for children's needs.

Objective:To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Dachaihu decoction(DCD)on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and liver injury in mice,as well as the association between DCD benefits and gut microbiota modulation.Methods:Mice were treated with DCD(20.10 and 10.05 g/kg)for 2 weeks,with free access to drinking water containing 3%DSS in the second week to induce UC.Histopathological examination,RT-qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to investigate the effect of DCD on UC mice.Results:DCD pretreatment significantly alleviated weight loss,bloody diarrhea with mucus,histopathological abnormalities of the colon,and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC.In addition,DCD pretreat-ment significantly upregulated the levels of Occludin,ZO-1,and MUC-2 in the colon and protected the intestinal barrier of mice.DCD pretreatment also alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon and the liver and significantly reduced the expression levels of the proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,iNOS,COX-2,and NLRP3,thereby exerting a protective effect against UC and liver injury.It should be noted that DCD corrected gut micro-biota imbalance in UC mice by enriching probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reducing harmful bacteria such as Norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Escherichia-Shigella.Conclusion:DCD can alleviate DSS-induced UC and exert a liver-protecting effect by protecting intestinal barrier,inhibiting inflam-mation,and regulating gut microbiota.

In recent years,there has been a gradual increase in the number of common diseases among children in China,especially younger children.Children are a unique population with distinct differences from adults,such as indications,dosage,accessories,and other characteristics,when it comes to using medication.Long-acting injections,in comparison to regular injections used for long-term treatment in children,can reduce sudden drug side effects and significantly decrease injection frequency.This greatly improves compliance among child patients and enhances clinical outcomes.Long-acting injections offer significant advantages for managing diseases in children.This paper reviews the progress made in basic research on long-acting injectable formulations for children based on interactions between drugs and materials.Additionally,potential future development directions are discussed to guide further advancements in long-acting injections specifically designed for children's needs.

Objective:To assess the association of -c.108C>T and c. 192Q>R polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 ( PON1) gene with preeclampsia (PE) and the influence of genotypes on the metabolic and oxidative stress indexes among Chinese women. Methods:This case-control study has included 334 patients with PE and 1337 healthy pregnant women. The -c.108C>T and c. 192Q>R genotypes were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Metabolic and oxidative stress parameters were also analyzed.Results:No statistical difference in the genotypic and allelic frequencies for the -c.108C>T and c. 192Q>R polymorphisms of the PON1 gene was found between the PE patients and the healthy controls ( P>0.05). Nevertheless, the 192Q-108T haplotype of these polymorphisms was associated with an increased risk of PE ( P = 0.007). Total antioxidant capacity(TAC)and atherosderosis index were higher in patients with the -108TT genotype compared with those with a CT genotype ( P < 0.05); whilst total oxidant status was lower in patients with a CT genotype compared with those with a CC genotype ( P = 0.036). Malondialdehyde level was higher in patients with a 192RR genotype compared with those with a QQ genotype ( P = 0.019). TAC level was higher in patients with a RR genotype compared with those with a QR genotype ( P = 0.015). Conclusion:The 192Q-108T haplotype of the PON1 gene is associated with the risk for PE. These polymorphisms may be associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress among Chinese PE patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of sinomenine(SIN)on LPS-induced apoptosis and autophagy of lung epithelial cells through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.Methods:MLE-12 lung epithelial cells were cultured,and the toxicity of SIN was detected by CCK-8.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the number of autophagosomes was detected by immunofluorescence,and the expression levels of apoptosis,autophagy and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results:After LPS modeling,apoptosis rate and the number of autophagosomes were increased,the protein levels of Cleaved caspase-3,Bax,and Beclin-1,and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,p-JNK/JNK and p-c-Jun/c-Jun were increased(P<0.05);Bcl-2 and P62 protein levels were decreased(P<0.05).SIN treatment can significantly improve the effects of LPS on apoptosis and autophagy,as well as the regulation of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway(P<0.05).Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or the JNK agonist ANISO could partially reverse the protective effect of SIN on LPS-induced lung epithelial cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:SIN may increase autophagy and pro-tect lung epithelial cells damaged by LPS by regulating proteins related to the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the application of the"learning by doing"learning theory and methods in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students.Method By setting up an experimental group of 151 students and a control group of 152 students in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students,practicing"learning by doing"and evaluating the teaching effect.Result The experimental group students held a positive attitude towards the implementation of"learning by doing"in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing students,with higher scores in both theoretical and skill exams than the control group(P＜0.05),and achieved good practical results.Conclusion By comparing the theoretical and skill exam scores of the experimental group and the control group,the experimental group had a higher average score than the control group(P＜0.05).The application of"learning by doing"in the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing for undergraduate nursing has improved students'self-learning ability and empowered their innovative and collaborative growth.

Background: This study aimed to develop a diabetic kidney disease (DKD) prediction model using long short term memory (LSTM) neural network and evaluate its performance using accuracy, precision, recall, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Methods: The study identified DKD risk factors through literature review and physician focus group, and collected 7 years of data from 6,040 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on the risk factors. Pytorch was used to build the LSTM neural network, with 70% of the data used for training and the other 30% for testing. Three models were established to examine the impact of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulse pressure (PP) variabilities on the model’s performance. Results: The developed model achieved an accuracy of 83% and an AUC of 0.83. When the risk factor of HbA1c variability, SBP variability, or PP variability was removed one by one, the accuracy of each model was significantly lower than that of the optimal model, with an accuracy of 78% (P<0.001), 79% (P<0.001), and 81% (P<0.001), respectively. The AUC of ROC was also significantly lower for each model, with values of 0.72 (P<0.001), 0.75 (P<0.001), and 0.77 (P<0.05). Conclusion The developed DKD risk predictive model using LSTM neural networks demonstrated high accuracy and AUC value. When HbA1c, SBP, and PP variabilities were added to the model as featured characteristics, the model’s performance was greatly improved.

Objective To analyze the hepatitis B virus infection with extreme reduction of cholinesterase(CHE)not caused by liver synthesis dysfunction,and to explore its clinical significance.Methods The clinical data of 2 rare cases hospitalized in the 3rd people's hospital of Kunming in July 2021 and February 2022,including liver function,coagulation function,hepatitis B markers,hepatitis B virus volume,and whole exon sequencing,were collected and analyzed,and literature was reviewed.Results CHE was extremely reduced in 2 patients with HBV infection,liver synthesis function was good,and whole exon sequencing showed the presence of butyrylcholinesterase(BCHE)gene mutation.Conclusion The extremely low CHE in this case is not due to liver function disorder.Exon sequencing detected mutations in the BCHE gene in two patients.Screening for BCHE mutations may be necessary in patients with extremely low cholinesterase levels not due to liver dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for recurrence after liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to further construct a predictive model.Methods:The clinical data of 106 patients with HCC undergoing liver transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2015 to May 2020 were retrospec-tively analyzed. The χ2 test was used to analyze the factors influencing HCC recurrence, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HCC recurrence. According to the selected risk factors, the predictive model of HCC recurrence was constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive model. Results:Of the 106 HCC patients, 23 had recurrence, with a recurrence rate of 21.70%, and 20 died. Tumor differentiation ( χ2=6.066, P=0.014), maximum tumor diameter ( χ2=4.916, P=0.027), with or without envelope invasion ( χ2=5.543, P=0.019), preoperative alpha fetoprotein (AFP) ( χ2=5.458, P=0.019), HBV-DNA ( χ2=5.446, P=0.020), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( χ2=12.161, P<0.001), the expressions of miR-424 ( χ2=4.400, P=0.036), chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) ( χ2=10.561, P=0.001), T-cadherin (T-cad) ( χ2=48.723, P<0.001), laminin (LN) ( χ2=18.506, P<0.001) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ( χ2=11.178, P=0.001) were related to the recurrence of HCC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum tumor diameter≥6.5 cm ( OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.25-3.17, P=0.002), preoperative AFP>400 ng/ml ( OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92, P=0.038), positive CHD8 ( OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89, P=0.021), positive T-cad ( OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.68-0.92, P=0.006), positive LN ( OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50, P=0.013) were the risk factors of HCC recurrence. According to the results of logistic analysis, the regression equation logit( P)=0.262+ 0.523 X1+ 0.326 X2-0.259 X3-0.286 X4+ 0.203 X5 was constructed, where X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 were the maximum tumor diameter, AFP, CHD8, T-cad and LN. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting HCC recurrence was 0.849 (95% CI: 0.763-0.894, P<0.001), the accuracy rate was 83.02%, the sensitivity was 86.96%, the specificity was 81.93%, and the cut-off value was 0.736. According to the logit( P) function model, P=1/(1+ e - Y), where Y=0.262+ 0.523 X1+ 0.326 X2-0.259 X3-0.286 X4+ 0.203 X5. One patient was randomly selected. According to his clinical data, P=0.564, which was less than the cut-off value (0.736). It could be considered that this patient would not have HCC recurrence with an accuracy rate of 83.02%. Conclusion:Tumor maximum diameter, preoperative AFP, CHD8, T-cad, LN expression are related to the recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation. The prediction model constructed based on this can effectively predict the risk of HCC recurrence.