Nonunion or delayed union remains one of the major complicatio ns of fractures. Repair of fractures involves a sequence of dynamic events which ultimately restore the integrity of bone and its biomechanical properties, incl uding such methods as surgery, internal fixation, bone grafting, external fixati on, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and high-energy extracorporeal shock wa ve. The preferred management of nonunion and delayed union is autologous bone gr afting. However, the supply of suitable bone is limited and it often results in additional morbidity to the donor site. Recently some advances have been made in the therapeutic principle for nonunion or delayed union. It is aimed at providi ng non-invasion, less complication, and safe treatment. This article introduces the development of some effective and safe therapies for nonunion or delayed un ion.

The elastic-plastic indentation properties of materials with varying ratio of hardness to Young's modulus (H/E) were analyzed with the finite element method. And the indentation stress fields of materials with varying ratio H/E on the surface were studied by the experiment. The results show that the penetration depth, contact radius, plastic pileup and the degree of elastic recovery depend strongly on the ratio H/E. Moreover, graphs were established to describe the relationship between the elastic-plastic indentation parameters and H/E. The established graphs can be used to predict the H/E of materials when compared with experimental data.

AIM:To look for a suitable signal peptide which may effectively conduct hepatopoietin(HPO)secretion,various recombinant eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed.METHODS:Different exogenous signal sequences were spliced with HPO cDNA by PCR,and the spliced genes were cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmids.The different recombinants were respectively tansfected into COS-7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 method and the secretion of HPO was analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS:Western blotting analysis indicated that the signal peptides from interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra)and an artifical signal peptide did not secret HPO directly and effectively,but the signal peptide from murine Ig kappa secreted HPO directly with great efficiency.The molecular weight of the secreted HPO was 30 kD,which means that the secreted HPO existed in homodimer.CONCLUSION:Secreted recombinant expression plasmid is successful constructed.The result may pave the way for the gene therapy of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of Survivin gene and biological characteristics in human esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of Survivin gene was detected in 62 cases of esophageal carcinoma tissues and tumor-adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical technique.Results The positive rate of Survivin expression in esophageal carcinomas was 79 0%,which was higher than that in tumor-adjacent normal tissues(6 5%,P0 05). The positive rate of Survivin expression in lymph node metastasis group (93 1%) was higher than that in the group without lymph node metastasis (66 7%,P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods The SGC-7901 cells were treated with MG-132, a specific inhibitor of UPP. The effect of MG-132 on cells DNA synthesis was assayed by 3 H-thymidine( 3H-TdR)incorporation. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After treated with MG-132, DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited, the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased, and the ratio of G 2/M phase and S phase cells decreased. Conclusions MG-132 can significantly inhibit DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and induce G 1 blocking. The data indicated that inhibiting UPP may be a new strategy to treat gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of cytology and telomerase activity in the exfoliated cells of cardia obtained from endoscopic brushing in the cardiac cancer.Methods The technique of the qualitative TRAP siver staining and quantitative TRAP PCR ELISA were employed to detect telomerase activity in the exfoliated cells of cardiac obtained from endoscopic brushing in 72 cases with cardial lesions,cytological diagnosis was made at the same time.Results Telomerase activity with cardiac cancer group(1\^521?0\^192)was significantly higher than that with cardialitis group(0\^065?0\^014).Positive rate of telomerase activity detected in cardiac cancer group(88\^89%)was significantly higher than that with cardialitis group(11\^11%).Positive rate of telomerase activity detected in cardiac cancer group(88\^89%)was significantly higer than cytological examination(77\^78%).The diagnostic rate of cardiac cancer was improved to 93\^33% if telomerase activity and cytology were examined at the same time.Conclusion Results show that the combination of cytology and telomerase activity in the exfoliated cardiac cells may be an effective and sensitive method in the diagnosis of cardiac cancer.This research can be a basis for the mass screening of cardiac cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets,and to optimize its formulation and technology. METHODS:The single factor test and compatibility test were used to optimize the fillers,disintegrating agents,adhesive,lubricants and prepa-ration technology;using sticking situation and disintegration time as indexes,the orthogonal test was used to optimize the amount of disintegrating agents [low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose(L-HPC)],lubricants(hydrogenated vegetable oil and PEG6000), and the optimal technology was validated. The dissolution of prepared tablet and imported tablet(Plavix)in water,pH 2.0 hydro-chlorate buffer,pH 4.5 phosphate buffer(PBS)and pH 6.8 PBS were investigated,and influential factor test was conducted. RE-SULTS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets were prepared with dry granulating. The optimal formulation (1 000 tablets) was as follows as clopidogrel bisulfate 97.8 g,mannitol 84 g,amylum pregelatinisatum 36 g,L-HPC 8 g,hydrogenated vegetable oil 8 g, PEG6000 6 g;no tablet compressing sticking situation was found in prepared tablets and it owned medium disintegration time;ac-cumulative dissolution curves of prepared tablets in 4 kinds of medium were similar to those of Plavix;there were no significant dif-ference in results of influential factor test between prepared tablet and Plavix. CONCLUSIONS:Clopidogrel bisulfate tablets are prepared successfully,and the formulation is reasonable,practical,stable and controllable in quality.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of vasopressin (VP) secretion in the late phase of septic shock for predicting patient outcomes and further investigate its relationship with the prognosis of septic shock.Methods Fifty-five patients presented at late phase of septic shock,who were admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital,were enrolled.Their VP secretion was measured.The method for measurement was as follows:3％ sodium chloride solution 600 ml was infused over 2 h,serum concentrations of VP and sodium were measured before and after infusion,the difference in VP before and after infusion (△VP) and in Na before and after infusion (△Na) was calculated,and △VP/△Na was used to reflect VP secretion.The patients were divided into either abnormal secretion of VP group (△ VP/△ Na ≤ 0.5 ng/mmol) or normal secretion of VP group (△VP/△Na＞0.5 ng/mmol) according to △VP/△Na ratio.Immediately before testing VP secretion,venous blood samples were collected for determination of serum lactic acid and C-reactive protein concentrations.The consumption of vasoactive drugs at the moment of enrollment and 28-day fatality rate were recorded.Results There were 30 cases in abnormal group (54％) and 25 cases in normal group (46％).Compared with normal group,the serum lactic acid,C-reactive protein concentrations and consumption of dopamine or norepinephrine were significantly increased,and the 28-day fatality rate was increased (67％ vs 40％) in abnormal group.ROC curve analysis showed that when △VP/△Na 0.5 ng/mmol was used as the criteria for determining prognosis,the sensitivity was 66.7％,specificity was 64.0％,and the area under the ROC curve was 0.828.Conclusion VP secretion in the late phase of septic shock may affect patient prognosis.

Objective Objective To study the influence of NS-398,a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the radiosensitivity of human esophageal carcinoma cell line EC9706 cell. Methods EC9706 cell, highly expressing COX-2, had been incubated with NS-398 at 10、20、50 and 100??mol/L for 24?h or 48?h before irradiation ranging from 0 to 10?Gy. Cell survival was measured by a standard clonogenic assay after 8 days of incubation. Apoptotic percentage was measured by FCM and DNA fragmentation by agarose electrophronesis. Results The senstization enhancement ratios (ratio of D_q) in EC9706 cell were 1.11, 1.24, 1.40, 1.54 at 10, 20, 50, 100??mol/L of NS-398 for 24?h pre-incubation and 1.11, 1.27, 1.58, 1.67 for 48?h pre-incubation, which showed a dose-dependant and time-dependant manner. FCM analysis revealed a higher sub-G_1 cell peak in NS-398 group after irradiation. Agarose electrophronesis showed a marked ladder. Radiation-induced apoptosis was enhanced by NS-398 (P

AIM: To investigate the effects of p27kip1 ge ne on DNA replication and protein synthesis in esophageal carcinoma cells. METHODS: Recombinant adenovirus Ad-p27kip1 was constructed and transf ected into esophageal carcinoma cell EC-9706, and its effects on DNA replication , protein synthesis and the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells were explored b y means of cell growth count, -TdR, -Leucine incorporation meth od and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The growth of esophageal carcino ma cells was inhibited obviously. The radioactive intensity of -TdR and -Leucine in Ad-p27kip1 group decreased significantly than that in contr ol group after EC-9706 transfection (P