Objective To explore the effect of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 on B cell activating factor (BAFF) expression in human HL-60 cells, a kind of myeloid tumor cell lines, and its possible regulation mechanism. Methods Cultured human HL-60 cells were treated with IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 for 1-3 days. The expression of membrane-bound BAFF on HL-60 cells was examined by flow cytometry, the amount of soluble BAFF was detected by ELISA assay, and the level of BAFF mRNA was tested by real-time PCR method. A functional 1021 bp fragment of the 5'-tlanking region of the human BAFF gene (-1349 to -329 bp) was cloned and investigated with serial 5'-deletion. The 5'-deleted promoters were recombinated with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as reporter gene. These five recombinant plasmids were transiently transfected to HL-60 cells with liposomal transfectian method. Promoters activities were determined by CAT reporter gene assay(CAT-ELISA) in those transfected cells treated with different cytokines. Results The results showed that the expression of membrane-bound BAFF, soluble BAFF and BAFF mRNA in human HL-60 cells were significantly elevated (P ＜ 0. 05) after incubated with IFN-γ and IL-10. In addition, IFN-γ and IL-10 showed significantly (P ＜ 0. 05) increased effects on promoter activity in human BAFF gane. And the cytokines-responsive sequences were located between -929 and -719 bp of the BAFF promoter region. Conclusion The enhancement of IFN-γ and IL-10 on BAFF expression and synthesis were regnla-ted by promoter activation. Our in vitro studies also raise the possibility to investigate the mechanisms regula-ting BAFF expression in other tumor cells of myeloid origin under pathological circumstances.

Objective To explore the effect of several cytokines, including interferon-γ, interleukin-10 and interlekin-4, on promoter activity of human BAFF (B-cell activating factor belonging to tumor necrosis factor family) gene. Methods A construct of phBAFF 1.02 containing sequence form -1349 bp to -329 bp of human BAFF gene, linking with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as reporter gene, was transiently transfected into human HL-60 cells, a kind of myeloid tumor cell lines. The cells were subsequently treated with IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4, and the CAT activity was assessed 24 hours after stimulation with each cytokines. Results IFN-γ of 5 ng/ml, IL-10 of 100 ng/ml could increase the CAT activity of phBAFF 1.02 to 4.18 and 2.13 folds respectively compared to the control. IL-4 at 100 ng/ml had no effect on promoter activity of human BAFF gene. Combination of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 could increase the CAT activity of phBAFF 1.02 to 3.41 and 1.58 folds respectively compared with controls. Conclusion IFN-γ and IL-10 can increase the promoter activity of human BAFF gene. IL-4 treatment can not affect the CAT activity driven by BAFF promoter. However, IL-4 can decrease the upregulating effect of IFN-γ and IL-10 on phBAFF1.02. These provide essential evidence for future study on the interaction mechanism of cytokines and BAFF in autoimmune diseases.

Objective To examine the current state of care services for geriatric osteoporotic fractures in Chinese hospitals and to provide a basis for the improvement of these services and the formulation of related policies.Methods In September to November 2023,a stratified convenience sampling method was used to investigate the implementation of care services for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures in 621 hospitals across 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China.A self-designed questionnaire was utilized for this purpose.Results A total of 621 hospitals participated in the survey,with 432(69.57%)tertiary hospitals and 189(30.43%)secondary hospitals.Over 95%of hospitals provided health education on diet,medication,fall prevention,and early functional exercise for elderly fracture patients.Less than 80%of hospitals provide specialized training on osteoporosis treatment and secondary fracture prevention for medical staff.Only 263 hospitals(42.35%)routinely conduct bone density tests for patients over 50 years old with fractures,while 221 hospitals(35.59%)routinely conduct bone metabolic biochemical tests for such patients.Less than 50%of hospitals provide specialized services,such as geriatric osteoporotic fracture clinics,for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Additionally,39.77%of hospital departments have not developed postoperative care plans for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.The lack of specialized care teams(91.63%),insufficient investment in care resources(88.08%),and the absence of policy support(77.45%)are identified as the primary factors impeding the provision of care services for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures in hospitals.Although some care services in tertiary hospitals are superior to those in secondary hospitals(P<0.05),they are still far from adequate.Conclusion The development of care services for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures in Chinese hospitals needs improvement.It is recommended to further standardize and enhance the content and methods of health education,intensify clinical assessments related to osteoporosis in elderly fracture patients,improve the professional care capabilities of medical staff,and at the same time,the state should introduce relevant policies to support and promote the construction and development of hospital care services for elderly osteoporotic fracture patients.