Chronic diseases have become one of the major threats to human health. Health information-seeking behavior plays a positive role in effectively managing the health status of chronic disease patients and enhancing their self-management capabilities. This article summarizes the concept, assessment tools, current status, and influencing factors of health information-seeking behavior among chronic disease patients. It provides strategies and suggestions to offer references for developing intervention strategies for chronic disease patients' health information-seeking behavior.

Chronic diseases have become one of the major threats to human health. Health information-seeking behavior plays a positive role in effectively managing the health status of chronic disease patients and enhancing their self-management capabilities. This article summarizes the concept, assessment tools, current status, and influencing factors of health information-seeking behavior among chronic disease patients. It provides strategies and suggestions to offer references for developing intervention strategies for chronic disease patients' health information-seeking behavior.

Objective:To apply digital analysis to quantify hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra, and explore its clinical value for diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:The cross-sectional study included 652 PD patients (PD group) and 99 healthy controls (healthy control group) from November 2017 to October 2020 in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All subjects underwent transcranial sonography. The diagnostic accuracy of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity using digital analysis was compared with that in a manual measurement in PD. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to explore its diagnosis value in PD.Results:There were 482 subjects including 400 in the PD group and 82 in the healthy control group, whose quantified results of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity could be used for analysis. The ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the quantified larger substantia nigra hyperechoic region detection for diagnosing PD was 0.858 (95% CI 0.805-0.910), the sensitivity was 87.8%, and the specificity was 73.2%, consistent with that of doctors (area under the curve: 0.884). Further more, among these PD patients, there was no correlation between larger substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and age, age of onset, course of disease, non-motor symptoms, and motor symptoms (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Digital analysis was used to quantify the changes in substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in this seudy. The results showed that diagnostic accuracy for PD based on digital analysis was consistent with that of experienced clinicians.

Objective: To study the expression of long non-coding RNA LINC01152 in glioma and its influence on the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells． Methods: LINC01152 expression in glioma was analyzed by LncSpA V2．0 and GEPIA database．qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of LINC01152 mRNA in 10 samples of human normal brain tissues，40 samples of glioma tissues and 5 glioma cell lines．GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of LINC01152 co-expressed genes were performed using the DAVID database to predict the related functions． The AnoLnc2，TargetScan，LinkedOmics and miRDB databases were used to predict the LINC01152 related miRNAs and target genes to construct a ceRNA regulatory network．LINC01152 expression was knocked down in glioma cell lines by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection．The CCK-8 test，scratch healing experiments，Transwell，flow cytometry and Western blot experiments were used to measure the influence of LINC01152 on the proliferation，migra- tion，invasion and apoptosis of glioma cells. Results : Database analysis showed that compared with other tumor types，LINC01152 was highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and low grade glioma (LGG) ，and was higher than normal brain tissue．qRT-PCR showed that the expression of LINC01152 mRNA in glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues (P＜0. 01)．The expression of LINC01152 was correlated with Ki-67 (P < 0. 05) ，but not with clinical parameters such as gender，age，tumor size，P53 protein，glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) ，O-6-methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase ( MGMT) and WHO grade of glioma patients． Functional enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes indicated that the LINC01152 was mainly involved in biological processes such as cell adhesion and synaptic signaling．LINC01152-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed according to predicted target genes．After down-regulation of LINC01152 expression，the proliferation，migration and invasion abilities of A172 and U87 cells decreased(P＜0. 01) ，while the apoptosis of glioma cells significantly increased (P＜0. 001) ． Conclusion LINC01152 is highly expressed in glioma，which can promote the malignant biological behavior of glioma cells by enhancing proliferation，migration as well as invasion and inhibition of apoptosis.

Background::Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is underrecognized, and its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains limited, especially in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FH and its relationship with CAD in a large Chinese cohort.Methods::FH was defined using the Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) criteria. The crude and age-sex standardized prevalence of FH were calculated based on surveys of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project during 2007-2008. The associations of FH with incident CAD and its major subtypes were estimated with the cohort-stratified multivariate Cox proportional hazard models based on the data from the baseline to the last follow-up (2018-2020).Results::Among 98,885 included participants, 190 participants were defined as FH. Crude and age-sex standardized prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of FH were 0.19% (0.17%–0.22%) and 0.13% (0.10%–0.16%), respectively. The prevalence varied across age groups and peaked in the group of 60–<70 years (0.28%), and the peak prevalence (0.18%) in males was earlier, yet lower than the peak crude prevalence in females (0.41%). During a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, 2493 cases of incident CAD were identified. After multivariate adjustment, FH patients had a 2.03-fold greater risk of developing CAD compared to non-FH participants.Conclusions::The prevalence of FH was estimated to be 0.19% in the participants, and it was associated with an elevated risk of incident CAD. Our study suggests that early screening of FH has certain public health significance for the prevention of CAD.

Background::Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is underrecognized, and its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains limited, especially in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of FH and its relationship with CAD in a large Chinese cohort.Methods::FH was defined using the Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death (MEDPED) criteria. The crude and age-sex standardized prevalence of FH were calculated based on surveys of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project during 2007-2008. The associations of FH with incident CAD and its major subtypes were estimated with the cohort-stratified multivariate Cox proportional hazard models based on the data from the baseline to the last follow-up (2018-2020).Results::Among 98,885 included participants, 190 participants were defined as FH. Crude and age-sex standardized prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of FH were 0.19% (0.17%–0.22%) and 0.13% (0.10%–0.16%), respectively. The prevalence varied across age groups and peaked in the group of 60–<70 years (0.28%), and the peak prevalence (0.18%) in males was earlier, yet lower than the peak crude prevalence in females (0.41%). During a mean follow-up of 10.7 years, 2493 cases of incident CAD were identified. After multivariate adjustment, FH patients had a 2.03-fold greater risk of developing CAD compared to non-FH participants.Conclusions::The prevalence of FH was estimated to be 0.19% in the participants, and it was associated with an elevated risk of incident CAD. Our study suggests that early screening of FH has certain public health significance for the prevention of CAD.

Two female patients with acute onset of sporadic food-borne botulism are reported. Both patients presented cranial nerve palsy symptoms and rapidly involving respiratory muscles causing respiratory failure. The tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and active supportive measures were given at admission. The skull imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination were negative, and the electromyography showed peripheral motor nerve damage. One patient was complicated with severe pneumonia. The botulinum toxin test was positive, and botulism poisoning was diagnosed. After early targeted treatment, patients were improved and discharged. Both patients had no complications and recurrence after discharge in 8 months of follow-up.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the changes of midbrain raphe nucleus echo and blood trace metals, non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 177 patients with PD were recruited from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from November 2017 to December 2019. Their non-motor symptoms were assessed by a series of PD-related scales. All subjects completed transcranial color-coded sonography, and were divided into two groups according to the continuity of raphe nucleus echo. The difference of trace metals in peripheral blood and the scores of non-motor symptoms were analyzed.Results:The serum iron level of PD patients in the continuous echo of raphe nucleus group (117 cases; 15.33 （11.30, 18.93） μmol/L) was higher than that of the discontinuous group (60 cases; 12.52 （4.15, 16.00） μmol/L, t=-2.294, P=0.022), so was the scores of Scale for outcomes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms (34.00 （28.00, 39.00） vs31.00 （26.25, 36.00）， t=-2.044, P=0.041). There was no significant difference in the level of serum copper, hemoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and the scores of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale, Parkinson′s Disease Sleeping Scale, 39 items Parkinson′s Disease Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale between the two groups. Conclusion:There was significant difference in serum iron levels and the scores of SCOPA-AUT between the two groups, but no difference in depression, sleep, and daily living ability.

Objective To investigate the correlation of substantia nigra hyperecho with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson disease (PD).Methods The clinical data of 158 patients with ET or PD who underwent transcranial ultrasonography in Tongji Hospital from March 2016 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 35 patients with ET (ET group),113 patients with PD who had no previous history of ET (PD group),and 10 PD patients with previous history of ET (ET-PD group).And 58 healthy subjects served as controls (control group).The hyperechoic area of substantia nigra in different groups was compared.Results The hyperechoic areas of the substantia nigra were [0 (0,0)]cm2 (control group),[0.27(0,0.41)]cm2 (ET group),[0.33(0.21,0.40)]cm2 (ET-PD group) and [0.35(0.29,0.45)]cm2 (PD group);the differences between control group and ET group,between the ET group and PD group were statistically significant (Z=-5.24,P=0.01;Z=-3.09,P=0.02),and there were no significant difference between the ET group and ET-PD group,between ET-PD group and PD group (Z=-0.98,P=0.32;t=-0.98,P=0.33).The ratio of substantia nigra hyperechoic positive to negative in ET-PD group was 9.00 (9/1),while that in ET group was 0.94 (17/18) (OR=9.53,95％ CI:1.09-83.43,x2=3.91,P=0.04).Conclusion Substantia nigra hyperecho is an objective imaging indicator for patients with ET and PD,and has a certain differential value for their diagnosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics and prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) after intravenous bisphosphonate (BP) for cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods: The clinical data and radiographic findings of 6 primary breast cancer patients with bone metastases diagnosed as MRONJ from January 2014 to April 2018 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: All 6 patients were female, with the median age of 65.5 years old. All patients had no history of systemic application of hormone therapy, no history of diabetes, no history of radiation therapy, no history of metastasis of the jaw, and no history of infection. The average usage time of BP was 28 months. MRONJ occurred in 2 cases on maxilla and 4 cases on mandible. There were 2 patients with tooth extractions history in BP treatment. Clinical symptoms included maxillofacial pain, loosened teeth, fistula suppuration, and exposed sequestrum. Radiographic findings included osteolysis and bone sclerosis or the mixed manifestation of both, with or without periosteal reaction. In addition, nonhealing tooth sockets and sequestrum separation imaging were also included. Conclusions Tooth extraction is considered as an increased risk for MRONJ in patients with malignant bone metastases after BP therapy. MRONJ is more likely to appear in the mandible, but it can also appear in the maxilla. Early screening and initiation of appropriate dental care are necessary for the patients before using BP therapy.