The intertubercular grooves of 212 humerus were studied. The statistical results showed that the depth of intertubercular grooves is highly correlated with the slope of the medial wall of the groove (r=0.116, p=0.05, lineal regression: =50.01+9.04x). It means that the deeper the groove the bigger the slope of the medial wall is, and the shallower the smaller. Their functional relationship has practical significance. The normal surface contour of the intertubercular groove is the important condition that keeps the long head tendon working normally. Therefore internal or external causes, e. g. fracture of the surgical neck, hyperplasia of the bone in aged people, may alter the normal anatomical relation of the intertubercular groove, which precipitated to tendosynovitis of the biceps. By observation of the compactness of the surgical neck cortex in three different levels, we found that it is in a transitional zone of from thin to thick, which agrees with the explanation of why fracture occurs frequently at the surgical neck.

Cobalt or chromium alloys are the most common clinical materials of prosthesis and there have been some investigators at home and abroad have done related researches about the genotoxic effects of cobalt and chromium ions and nanoparticles. People have certain understanding about the mechanism of production of ions as well as their influence on cells. However, chromium or cobalt nanoparticles genotoxicity related research is still in its preliminary stage. In each stage, the mechanisms, from creating of the particles, through entering cells, until finally causing genotoxic, are still contained many problems to be solved. This article reviews the research progress in mechanisms of production and genotoxic effects of cobalt, chromium ions and nanoparticles.
Chromium ; toxicity ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Ions ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective To understand the clinical distribution of Acinetobacter baumannii and its resistance to commonly used an‐tibiotics so as to provide the theoretical basis for rational clinical use of antibacterial medicines .Methods The clinical distribution and drug resistance situation of 206 strains of clinically isolated Acinetobacter baumannii in the Anhua County People′s during 2012-2014 were analyzed .The bacterial identification was completed by the department of clinical laboratory ,the drug susceptibili‐ty test was performed by adopting the disk diffusion method ,and the detection results were judged according to CLSI 2012 criteria . Results A total of 2 803 strains of bacteria were isolated during 2012-2014 ,including 206 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii .Its constituent ratios during this period were 6 .71% ,6 .82% and 8 .19% ,showing the increasing trend year by year .The samples were mainly isolated from sputum (78 .16% ) ,followed by urine (7 .28% ) ,bronchoaleolar lavage fluid (6 .80% ) ,wound secretion (3 .40% ) and blood(2 .91% ) .The infected patients were mainly distributed in the respiratory department (40 .29% ) and neurosur‐gery department(22 .82% ) .The detection results of Acinetobacter baumannii showed the higher resistance to 20 kinds of commonly used antibacterial drugs ,in which the drugs with most significantly increase in 3‐year drug resistance rate were in turn ceftazidime , cotrimoxazole ,levofloxacin ,piperacillin and ciprofloxacin ,the 3‐year resistance rate to meropenem ,imipenem ,cefoperazone/sulbac‐tam and cefepime was less than 35% .Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii is the major opportunistic pathogenic bacterium in noso‐comial infection with higher drug resistance rate .It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of Acinetobacter baumannii drug re‐sistance and rationally use antibacterial medicines in order to stop the drug‐resistant strains colonization and cross expansion in hos‐pital .

Objective To explore the expressions of stromal cell derived factor 1 α (SDF-1α) and cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Forty hospitalized SLE patients were recruited and twenty healthy volunteers were enrolled as normal controls.The percentage of CD3+CD4+CXCR4+,CD3+CD8+CXCR4+ and the plasma concentration level of SDF-1α in the control group and SLE patients were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA.The relationship between SDF-1α/CXCR4 and SLEDAI was explored.Kruskal-Wallis H,Pearson's and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.Results the expression of SDF-1α [329 (127,539) pg/ml] and CXCR4 [CD3+CD4+CXCR4+:4.20(2.01,6.35)％,CD3+CD4+CXCR4+:2.70(1.68,4.20)％] were significantly elevated in SLE patients when compared to the normal controls (Z=-6.277,-5.707,-4.885,respectively,all P=0.000),and were significantly increased in highly active SLE patients than less active SLE (Z=-5.414,-5.256,-5.312,P＜0.01).The expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in the butterfly erythema group,anemia group and proteinuria group were significantly higher than the normal group (P＜0.05).Both SDF-1αand CXCR4 were positively correlated with SLEDAI (r=0.857,0.830,0.861,respectively,all P＜0.01).Conclusion The expressions of SDF-1α and CXCR4 increase significantly in the peripheral blood of SLE patients and there is close relationship between SDF-1α/CXCR4 and disease activity,organ damage.The results of this study suggestthat SDF-1α/CXCR4 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To characterize the skin damage induced by ultraviolet radiation in officers was observed in 67.5% of the 1286 officers and soldiers:tanning in 62.05%(798/1286),photoaging in 18.66%(240/1286),polymorphous light eruption in 13.69%(176/1286)and sunbum in 13.30%(171/1286).Two hundred and thirteen subjects each had two kinds of skin amage,and 152 subjects each had three kinds of skin damage.With the time of being in the army and cumulative sun-exposure period,the prevalence of tanning,photoaging and polymorphous light eruption increased,while the prevalence of sunburn decreased.Sunburn mostly occurred in newly assigned soldiers.Conclusions The condition of skin damage nduced by ltraviolet radiation iS severe in officers and soldiers working in high altitude,and effective measures are warranted for the prevention and treatment of the skin damage.

Objective To gain more pathophysiolgic knowledge about acute obstructive hydrocephalus and to explore its rapid and effective treatment by establishing canine acute obstructive hydrocephalus model.Methods Acute obstructive hydrocephalus model was established by injecting cyan-acrylic gel glue into the fourth ventricle via posterior fosse craniotomy in 9 male adult mongrel dogs.At the same time,lateral ventricle catheterization were performed and were fixed on the scalp to connect reservoir bag so that the changes of intracranial pressure (ICP) could be measured dynamically,and the changes of neurological function were observed.Results Acute obstructive hydrocephalus model was successfully established in 6 of the total 9dogs.ICP was (48.2 ± 6.1 ) cm H2 O at 48 hours after the injection and was (56.4 ± 5.7 ) cm H2 O at 72 hours after the injection,it increased 392％ and 459 ％ respectively.And the ICP after injection was significantly different(P ＜ 0.01 )compared with that before injection (12.3 ± 3.1 )cm H2O.Conclusion The establishment of acute obstructive hydrocephalus model has high success rate,and is easy to reduplicate; ICP could be measured dynamically and also could be reduced by releasing CSF;Thus,ventricular drainage is the most rapid and effective treatment for acute obstructive hydrocephalus.

Background and purpose: High expression of telomerase and telomere stability are two common features in tumor cell. hTERT is a catalytic subunit of telomerase, TRF2 is extremely important to maintain the length and stability of telomerase. This study was to construct the recombinant adenovirus mediated shRNA to hTERT and TRF2, and to investigate the inhibitory effects of the vector by solo-inhibiting and connect-inhibiting in the MCF-7 cells, in order to present a new approach to the gene therapy for breast cancer. Methods: rAd-hTERT and rAd-TRF2 were constructed and the expression of hTERT mRNA and TRF2 mRNA were tested by FQ-PCR 48 hours after transfecting in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry 1 to 6 days after transfection. Results: ①At 48 hours after transfection, the results of FQ-PCR showed that compared to PBS group, the expression of hTERT in rAd-hTERT group was obviously decreased and the inhibition ratio was about 86%, but TRF2 had not been obviously inhibited (P>0.05);the expression of TRF2 in rAd-TRF2 group was obviously decreased and the inhibition ratio was about 80%, but hTERT had not been obviously inhibited (P>0.05);in rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group, the inhibition ratio of hTERT and TRF2 were about 88% and 85%. Comparing rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group with rAd-hTERT group and rAd-TRF2 group, there were no significant differences of inhibition ratio between hTERT gene and TRF2 gene(P>0.05). Otherwise, comparing rAd-HK group, rAd-blank group with PBS group, there were no significant differences of inhibition ratio between hTERT gene and TRF2 gene(P>0.05). ②The result of flow cytometry showed that apoptosis was induced at the first day after transfecting in rAd-hTERT group and rAd-TRF2 group, the most obvious apoptosis was in the 3rd to 5th days,at the peak in the 5th day, and decreased in the 6th day after transfection. The apoptosis ratio of rAd-hTERT group was 46.2%, rAd-TRF2 group was 43.5%. The apoptosis ratio of rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group was 46.2% at first day, 68.5% at the second day, the most obvious apoptosis was in the 3rd to 6th days and was 77.6% in the 6th days in rAd-hTERT/rAd-TRF2 group. There were significant differences in apoptosis ratio in solo-inhibiting and connect-inhibiting(P<0.05). In addition, comparing rAd-HK group, rAd-blank group with PBS group, there were no significant differences in apoptosis ratio(P>0.05). Conclusion: ①Target sequence of RNAi which aimed at hTERT gene and TRF2 gene was designed efficiently, and the RNAi expression vectors were seen in vivo study efficiently and specifically inhibited the correspond gene expression and promoted cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. ②rAd-hTERT vector and rAd-TRF2 vector have no synergistical effect and antagoinstical effect on inhibiting hTERT gene and TRF2 gene mRNA expressing in MCF-7, but there was synergistical effect in terms of the induction of apoptosis. So association-RNAi-technique targeting to the genes of telomere length and stability can effectively promote tumor cell into apoptosis and inhibit breast cancer cell growth. RNAi technique of connecting correlation genes is a more effective gene therapy strategy.

G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)belong to the biggest subfamily of transmembran receptors.Recently,more and more research has been suggested that the dimerization of GPCRs may regulate the physiological and pharmacological activity.With the development of biochemistry technology and molecular biology,a great progress has been achieved in the field of the dimerization of GPCRs.This article will generally demonstrate that the vital roles of the homodimerization and heterdimerization.

The clinical characteristics of a patient who received hybrid racanalizaion for chronic occlusion of right internal carotid artery was retrospectively analyzed in this report The advantages of hybrid operation for such lesion was discussed and reviewed. This patient was a 59 years old man, who suffered from numbness and weakness at right extremities accompanied with clumsy response. DSA revealed ulcerative plaque in the left internal carotid artery and occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. The hybrid operation to racanalize the occluded right internal carotid artery was performed. Firsdy, right carotid endarlerectomy was perfomed. Intraoperative DSA confirmed right internal carotid artery was recanalized, but the ipsilatcral M2 segment became invisible. It was occluded by a detached embolus which was retrieved by a stent to recover the patency of the artery. This case suggested that hybrid recanalization of occluded internal carotid artery could make use of merits of both endarterectomy and interventional techniques, thus increasing the opportunity of recanalization. Besides, control radiological imaging can be performed at any time during operation to better assure patients' safety.

AIM: To investigate the activation dynamics and the intracellular localization of p38 protein kinase in Raw264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.METHODS: Protein kinase assay and immunogold electron microscope technique were used to check the activation dynamics and distribution of p38 MAPK in Raw264.7 cells before and after LPS stimulation. RESULTS: The kinase assay results showed that a marked increase in p38 activity was detected 15 min after LPS treatment, and reached maximal activity 30 min post stimulation, then dropped down and got closed to the pre-stimulated level 2 h later. The optimal LPS concentration for treatment was 100 ?g/L. The immunogold electron microscope data showed that p38 spread evenly in every part of the cytosol of the non-stimulated and EGF stimulated Raw264.7 cells, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome, while the golden granules intensity in the cytosol area decreased and in the nuclear area increased significantly after LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION: p38 MAPK moves to the nuclei of Raw264.7 cells on account of stimulation by LPS.