OBJECTIVE:To improve the level of pharmaceutical experiment teaching for pharmacy major. METHODS:The ex-periment teaching of pharmacochemistry for pharmacy major in our school was taken as a pilot,and the teaching contents,teach-ing methods and appraisal system were explored. RESULTS:The teaching contents of“designing experiment”of pharmacochemis-try for pharmacy major in our school were added,multimedia teaching mode was introduced and scientific and comprehensive as-sessment mode was established. CONCLUSIONS:The reform of experiment teaching has cultivated the independent thinking and creative ability of students,improved enthusiasm and initiative,achieved good teaching quality and promoted the improvement of professional quality of teaching staff.

Objective: To investigate the late identification of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Wuxing District of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for improving AIDS prevention and control measures and promoting early identification of HIV/AIDS cases. Methods: Data pertaining to demographics, CD4+T lymphocyte counts, transmission routes and identification routes among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Wuxing District from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Control System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The proportions of late identification of cases with different characteristics were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting late identification were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 627 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Wuxing District from 2012 to 2021, including 555 males (88.52%), and had a mean age of (40.30±15.98) years. There were a total of 212 cases with late identification, and the annual average proportion was 33.81%. The proportions of late identification ranged from 51.85% in 2012 to 28.00% in 2021, with no significant changing trend (χ2trend=1.152, P=0.283). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher proportion of late identification was more likely seen in the registered cases in Wuxing District (OR=1.651, 95%CI: 1.140-2.393), cases at ages of 40 years and older at diagnosis (OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.068-2.766), and cases identified by medical institutions (OR=1.809, 95%CI: 1.136-2.881). Conclusion HIV/AIDS cases registered in Wuxing District, aged 40 years and older, and identified by medical institutions have higher proportions of late identification in Wuxing District from 2012 to 2021.

AIM: To investigate the activation dynamics and the intracellular localization of p38 protein kinase in Raw264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.METHODS: Protein kinase assay and immunogold electron microscope technique were used to check the activation dynamics and distribution of p38 MAPK in Raw264.7 cells before and after LPS stimulation. RESULTS: The kinase assay results showed that a marked increase in p38 activity was detected 15 min after LPS treatment, and reached maximal activity 30 min post stimulation, then dropped down and got closed to the pre-stimulated level 2 h later. The optimal LPS concentration for treatment was 100 ?g/L. The immunogold electron microscope data showed that p38 spread evenly in every part of the cytosol of the non-stimulated and EGF stimulated Raw264.7 cells, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosome, while the golden granules intensity in the cytosol area decreased and in the nuclear area increased significantly after LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION: p38 MAPK moves to the nuclei of Raw264.7 cells on account of stimulation by LPS.

Objective To study the tumor suppression of Chinese caterpillar fungus water decoction combined cisplatin on a tumor burdened mice .Methods The beforehand vaccinal HCT8 tumor burdened mice were randomly devided into 5 groups(n=10) ,then 3 groups of Chinese caterpillar fungus water decoction were given a tumor burdened mice stomach (2 .5 ,5 .0 ,10 g/kg) ,1 times a day ,12 d .1 group of mice were given saline .1 group were given cisplatin .Determination of different concentrations of cordyceps water decoction lavage ,then observe the changes of tumor‐burdened bone tumors in mice weight .Results For vaccination HCT8 tumor burdened bone tumors had an average weight of each dose group mice compared with saline group have significant difference(P<0 .01) ,while Chinese caterpillar fungus water decoction (2 .5 ,5 .0 g/kg) and cisplatin group mice tumor block is more significant difference(P< 0 .01) ,the tumors had the lighter weight .Conclusion Chinese caterpillar fungus water decoction has tumor suppression effect on tumor burdened mice .

Objective To study the expression of RhoA and C-myc in gastric carcinoma , and to discuss the action in infiltration and metastasis of gastric carcinoma as well as their dependability. Methods RhoA protein expression and C-myc protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method in 46 cases of gastric carcinoma and 20 cases of normal tissues..RhoA protein expression was compared with clinical pathologic parameters as related to C-myc. Results The positive rate of RhoA,C-myc were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of RhoA and C-myc were associated with the loss of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and deep invasion (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between RhoA and C-myc (r=0.62, P<0.05). Conclusions The data suggests that the expression level of RhoA protein was closely related to biological behavior of gastric carcinoma. RhoA and C-myc were possibly both correlated with the infiltration and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the endoscopic and ultrasonic endoscopic features of colorectal carcinoid and the indications of endoscopic treatment. Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with colorectal carcinoid who had been admitted to our hospital from 2002 to 2007 were collected. The endoscopic and ultrasonic endoscopic features and the relationship between the features and invasion depth of colorectal carcinoid were analyzed. Results Under the endoscope, early carcinoid presented submucosa tumor with 1.5cm in diameter, and yellow or white smooth surface; advanced carcinoid presented submucosa tumor with 0.8-3.0cm in diameter, and yellow or white little nodus or ulcerative surface. The ultrasonic endoscopic feature of the colorectal carcinoid was orbicular-ovate low level echo tumor with punctiform slightly high-level echo and an unsharpness edge. Sixteen mucosal layer-cancers and submucosal layer-cancers were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection, and 10 of them were additional treated by argon plasma coagulation. After a follow-up period of 4-36 months, no recurrence was observed. Conclusions Endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography are effective methods to diagnose colorectal carcinoid and its invasion depth. Endoscopic treatment is a simple, safe and effective means to treat the early colorectal carcinoid tumors.

BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen can reduce brain ischemic-reperfusion injury, and this effect is closely related to the modulation of hyperbaric oxygen on microglias.OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the activity of in vitro cultured brain microglias and secretion of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide (NO).DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design, control experiment.SETTING: Teaching and Research Section of Diving Medicine, Teaching and Research Section of Immunity, Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, and the Experimental Animal Center, the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the laboratory of Diving Medicine as well as Teaching and Research Section of Immunity, the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, between May 1999 and January 2000. Thirty neonatal SD rats of 1-day birth age were selected for the experiment.METHODS: [1] Brain microglias from newborn SD rats were cultured with digestion method, and microglias were identified with non-specific phosphodiesterase staining and cellular immunochemical staining. [2] Primary microglias were inoculated on 48-well culture board by 2×105/well and randomized into 5 groups: control group without hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment, and hyperbaric oxygen (0.2 MPa 1 hour) pretreatment 3, 7, 10,14 days groups. Cells in groups with hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment at the above various time points were then further divided into 2 subgroups, with one added with culture medium containing bacterium lipopolysaccharide of 1 mg/L (for microglia activation), but not in the other group. [3] Interleukin-1 activity was determined using thymocyte proliferation method. The activity of tumor necrosis factor-α was assessed with L929 cell toxicity test.Nitrous acid content detected by Griess method represented NO content.[4] t-test was used to compare the differences in non-paired quantitative data between the two groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The activity of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor a and NO content in resting and evoked brain microglias in rats at various time points of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment.RESULTS: Thirty SD rats entered the result analysis. [1] The activity of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor α and NO content in resting brain microglias: The two groups did not differ obviously. [2] Interleukin-1activity and NO content in lipopolysaccharide-evoked brain microglias: They were significantly lower in 10-day and 14-day hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment groups than those in control group [10-day group: 0.409±0.014,(5.21±0.77) μnol/L; 14day group: 0.381±0.004, (4.93±1.02) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.05].[3] The activity of tumor necrosis factor α in evoked brain microglias: It was obviously lower in 14day hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group than in control group [(51.20±1.13) %, (70.10±2.26) %, P ＜ 0.05].CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with 0.2 MPa hyperbaric oxygen can suppress the secretion of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor α and NO by evoked microglias, but has not obvious effects on resting microglias.

Objective To evaluate the feasibilities and advantages of different concentrations of sodium alginate (SA) solutions as a submucosal injection solution for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods In vitro study, different concentrations of sodium alginate solutions and normal saline were injected into submucosal of resected porcine esophagus and stomach respectively, then observe and measure the heights of each injection induced mucosal elevations, and their changes over time. In vivo study, the mimic ESD were conducted in healthy pigs to evaluate the mucosal elevation effect and other assistant effects of sodium alginate as a submucosal injection solution. Results The elevation heights of the experiment groups injected with SA solutions were much higher than the control group injected with normal saline. Specially, the elevation created by 1 % SA in porcine esophagus was significantly higher than that of normal saline (P < 0.01) and the elevation created by 3 % SA was significantly higher than that of normal saline in porcine stomach (P < 0.001). In the mimic ESD experiment, mucosal elevation with clear margin occurred immediately after injection with SA solution. And the durable submucosal fluid cushion created by SA protected deeper tissues while facilitating ESD procedure. Conclusion The elevation heights created by SA solutions were greater and more durable than that created by normal saline, which were crucial for ESD. The viscosity property enabled SA to form a stable protective cushion and prevent bleeding by squeezing tissue around the wound, which may decrease perforation and bleeding rate during ESD procedure. Therefore, sodium alginate can be an ideal clinical submucosal injection solution.

Objective: To study the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) in Changsha, and provide laboratory evidence for clinical drug use. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze 53 006 specimens of suspected genital mycoplasma infection in Xiangya Second Hospital of Changsha District and Hunan Wangwang Hospital from 2010 to 2017, and to analyze the infection rate and drug resistance rate of Uu and Mh. Results: From 2010 to 2017, a total of 53 006 specimens were detected, where there were 16 830 cases of Uu infection, the infection rate was 31.75%; 2 471 cases of Mh infection, the infection rate was 4.66%; and 1 071 cases of Uu and Mh mixed infection, the infection rate was 2.02%. Male Uu infection rate was 19.48%(5 989/30 749), which was lower than the female infection rate 48.71%(10 841/22 257) (χ²=5 091, P<0.001); male Mh infection rate was 3.16%(973/30 749), lower than female infection rate 6.73%(1 498/22 257) (χ²=369,P<0.001). The population of genital mycoplasma infection is concentrated between 20 and 40 years old, accounting for 71.76% (12 077/16 830). The drug resistance rates of Uu and Mh to doxycycline and minocycline were less than 2%, while the drug resistance rate to quinolones was higher; The resistance rate of Uu to macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin, josamycin and clarithromycin were less than 2%, while the resistance rate to azithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin were higher, 29.74%(5 006/16 830) and 53.74%(9 045/16 830), respectively, and the resistance rate of Mh to macrolide antibiotics (except josamycin) was higher than 90%.Between 2010 and 2017, a gradually increasing resistance of ureaplasmas to azithromycin, from 3.81% (46/1 206) in 2010 to 53.15% (1 503/2 828) in 2017, and decreasing resistance to gatifloxacin and thiamphenicol were observed, from 76.78% (926/1 206) and 60.28% (727/1 206) in 2010 decreased to 34.23% (968/2 828) and 37.87% (1 071/2 828) in 2017, respectively. The resistance rate of Mh to gatifloxacin and thiamphenicol were decreased, from 68.93% (122/177) and 41.81% (74/177) in 2010 to 53.54% (159/297) and 21.21% (63/297) in 2017, respectively. Conclusions Doxycycline, minocyclinum and josamycin are good treatment options for genital mycoplasma in Changsha. The resistance rate of Uu to azithromycin is increasing, suggesting that the abuse of azithromycin is present in Changsha, and indicating that better management of antibiotics is necessary.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of TCN1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We studied the biological function of TCN1 by performing gain-of-function and loss-offunction analyses in HCT116 cell lines; examined the effects of TCN1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of CRC cells; and determined potential molecular mechanisms using HCT116 and SW480 CRC lines and mouse xenotransplantation models. Tumor xenograft and colonization assays were performed to detect the tumorigenicity and metastatic foci of cells in vivo. Results: TCN1 knockdown attenuated CRC cell proliferation and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis. Overexpression of TCN1 yielded the opposite effects. In addition, TCN1-knockdown HCT116 cells failed to form metastatic foci in the peritoneum after intravenous injection. Molecular mechanism analyses showed that TCN1 interacted with integrin subunit β4 (ITGB4) to positively regulate the expression of ITGB4. TCN1 knockdown promoted the degradation of ITGB4 and increased the instability of ITGB4 and filamin A. Downregulation of ITGB4 at the protein level resulted in the disassociation of the ITGB4/plectin complex, leading to cytoskeletal damage. Conclusions TCN1 might play an oncogenic role in CRC by regulating the ITGB4 signaling pathway.