Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD)(≥65 years old,acute episode)with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods62 of COPD(≥65 years old,acute episode)with active pulmonary tuberculosis from 2002 to 2007 in hospital were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe attack rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis is 7.3% in COPD(≥65 years old,acute episode).By Clinical analysis showed clinical manifestation and chest X-ray or CT were not typical,but positive morbility of acid-fast bacilli sputum smear and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher.ConclusionThe result suggests that COPD(≥65 years old,acute episode)patients are high-risk group of active pulmonary tuberculosis and need to be diagnosed early as soon as possible.

Cobalt or chromium alloys are the most common clinical materials of prosthesis and there have been some investigators at home and abroad have done related researches about the genotoxic effects of cobalt and chromium ions and nanoparticles. People have certain understanding about the mechanism of production of ions as well as their influence on cells. However, chromium or cobalt nanoparticles genotoxicity related research is still in its preliminary stage. In each stage, the mechanisms, from creating of the particles, through entering cells, until finally causing genotoxic, are still contained many problems to be solved. This article reviews the research progress in mechanisms of production and genotoxic effects of cobalt, chromium ions and nanoparticles.
Chromium ; toxicity ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Ions ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Prostheses and Implants

To investigate the change of plasma D-d imer in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease． The plasma was measured in 36 patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease and in 25 controls ．Results：The D-dimer level as significantly higher in the before treatment patients than in the after treatment patients (P<0.0l )． Conc luslons: D-dimer can be used in diagnosis of ．Thrombi in small pulmonary arteri e s andarterioles．

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of immunoloregulation induced by tripterygium glycosides on experimental IgA nephropathy in rats.MethodsRat model of IgA nephropathy was established with bovine serum albumin and staphylococcal enterotoxins compound immunization.The urine erythrocyte,urine protein in 24 h,renal function,erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette rate and kidney constitution pathology alteration among the normal control group,model group and tripterygium glycosides group were compared.ResultsCompared with the model group,urine erythrocyte,urine protein,serum Cr and BUN reduced( P<0.05),erythrocyte C3b receptor rosette rate was higher(P<0.05),IgA depositing on glomerular mesangial region was less and renal function improved in rats of the tripterygium glycosides group.ConclusionTripterygium glycosides have better therapeutic effect and adjusting action for immune disturbance.

BACKGROUND: A lot of important organs are worthless for clinical application because they are hard to store for a long time. In addition, tissues or organs which are dealt with cryopreservation also attack ischemia/reperfusion injury with the recovery of blood flow; especially, skeletal muscle is the most involved tissue.OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective influence of edaravone on cellular membrane and mitochondria of replanted rat extremities following ischemia/reperfusion injury due to cryopreservation and rewarming.DESIGN: Randomized contrast animal study.SETTING: Basic Medical College of Southern Medical University; Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Cryopreservation Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital from April to November 2006. A total of 36 healthy adult male Wistar rats were provided by Experimental Animal Center of Medical College of Shandong University. All rats were randomly divided into control group, cryopreservation group and edaravone group with 12 in each group.METHODS: Femoral artery and vein of rats in control group were exposured, but extremities were not blocked. Rats in other two groups were used to establish ischemia/reperfusion injury models of replanted extremities. Before cryopreservation, their right hindlimbs were cut off and maintained in liquid nitrogen container for 1 month. After the operation mentioned above, the broken limbs were rewarmed, perfused with routine eluant and replanted. Four hours later, blood supply of extremities was recirculated and the samples were selected. Eluant in edaravone group contained 0.5 mg/kg edaravone. Samples of skeletal muscle were selected at the same time point to establish cellular membrane and extract mitochondria. Furthermore, fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane (reflecting liquidity in cellular membrane lipid area), malondialdehyde (MDA) content of mitochondria, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and respiratory controlling rate were measured; meanwhile, mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle was observed under transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane, MDA content of mitochondria, SOD activity and respiratory controlling rate of skeletal muscle; ②mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle.RESULTS: All 36 rats were involved in the final analysis without any loss. ①SOD activity and respiratory controlling rate of mitochondria in skeletal muscle: The values of these two items were higher in edaravone group that those in cryopreservation group (P＜0.05).②Fluorescence polarization of cellular membrane and MDA content of mitochondria in skeletal muscle: The values of these two items were lower in edaravone group than those in cryopreservation group (P＜0.05). ③Mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle: Injured degree of skeletal muscle was milder in edaravone group than that in cryopreservation group.CONCLUSION: Edaravone can relieve ischemia/reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle and protect cellular membrane and mitochondria of skeletal muscle. Its mechanism may be related to directly inhibiting hydroxy free radicals, increasing SOD activity of skeletal muscle, reducing generation of MDA and promoting normal oxidative phosphorylation.

Objective To explore the methods of Y-V vascular pedicle lengthening technique for cover-age of the defect of great toe after wrap-around flap transfer, and decrease the morbidity of donor site in great toes. Methods Fifteen patients received three kinds of flap for immediate resurfacing of donor defect of the great toes during wrap-around flap transfer, all flaps were harvested with Y-V vascular pedicle lengthening technique. Among them, 9 cases received the free lateral tarsal flaps transplantation for coverage of defect in donor great toes, 5 cases was repaired by medial tarsal flaps, and only one was treated by the medial plantar flap. Results All the flaps survived postoperatively. The medial plantar flap encountered the venous crisis in postoperative 3 days, and regained the normal blood supply after continuous bleeding for 2 days. All patients were satisfied with cosmetic and functional outcome in average 10- month follow-up. The appearance and sensory function of donor toe repaired by medial tarsal flaps was best among three ones. Conclusion Depending on the Y-V vascular pedicle lengthening technique, the local pedical flaps of foots are enlarged scope for coverage of great toe after wrap-around flap harvest, which can decrease the complication of donor site at the most.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects and safety of Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray in the treatment of acute rhinitis after a cold. METHODS:A multicenter,dose parallel controlled,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical tri-al was conducted. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients with acute rhinitis after a cold were selected and divided into group A(24 cases),B(24 cases),C(24 cases),D(24 cases),E(23 cases),F(24 cases),G(23 cases),H(24 cases),I(24 cases),J (24 cases). Group A-C were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5μg,45μg,90μg,respectively,bid,spraying it once for each nostril. Group D-F were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5 μg,45 μg,90 μg,respectively,tid,spraying it once for each nostril. Group G-I were given Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray 22.5 μg,45 μg,90 μg,respectively,qid,spray-ing it once for each nostril. Group J was given placebo. All groups were treated for(4±1)d. Rhinorrhea score and continuous rhi-norrhea duration were compared among 10 groups,and the safety was evaluated. RESULTS:The rhinorrhea score and continuous rhinorrhea duration of 10 groups were improved significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The improvement and trend of group I was slightly better than other 9 groups,without statistical significance(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 10 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Bencycloquidium bromide nasal spray with 90 μg,qid times significantly improves rhinorrhea score and continuous rhinorrhea duration with good safety.

Objective. To investigate the morphological properties of pig cerebral bridging vein. Methods. The morphology and fibre arrangement of 15 cerebral bridging veins obtained from 7 Danish Yorkshire landrace pigs were observed. Results. There was a narrow region at the junction of the cerebral bridging veins and superior sagittal sinus termed “ outflow cuff segment". The diameter and length of outflow cuff segment were much smaller and the thickness was higher than those of the cerebral bridging veins (P< 0.01), and circumferential collagen fibres were most dense in the outflow cuff segment. The opening angle of the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging veins were 115± 4° and 120± 4° (P >0.05). Conclusions. There were differences in fibre arrangement and morphological properties between the outflow cuff segment and the cerebral bridging vein, just like a resistance valve, the outflow cuff segment may play an important role in stabilizing cerebral venous outflow and regulating intracranial pressure.

PURPOSE: Asthma affects approximately 30 million patients in China; however, tiotropium data for Chinese patients is limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tiotropium in Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma. METHODS: A post hoc subgroup analysis was conducted on 430 Chinese patients pooled from two 24-week, replicate phase 3 trials (NCT01172808 and NCT01172821), in which they received once-daily tiotropium 2.5 µg (Tio R2.5) or 5 µg (Tio R5) (n = 106 or 109, respectively), twice-daily salmeterol 50 µg (Sal 50) (n = 110), or placebo (n = 105), while maintaining inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The co-primary endpoints assessed in week 24 were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) peak0–3h response, trough FEV1 response, and responder rate as assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). RESULTS: For both FEV1 peak0–3h responses and trough FEV1 responses, the mean treatment differences were greater for Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 compared with placebo at 0.249 L, 0.234 L, and 0.284 L, and 0.172 L, 0.180 L, and 0.164 L, respectively (P< 0.001). The ACQ responder rate in placebo, Tio R2.5, Tio R5, and Sal 50 was 58.7%, 62.3%, 59.3%, and 69.1%, respectively. Furthermore, 11 (2.6%) of 430 patients had serious adverse events (Tio R5, n = 4; Tio R2.5, n = 1; Sal 50, n = 1; and placebo, n = 5). CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily tiotropium, as add-on to medium-dose ICS, was effective and well tolerated for Chinese patients with moderate symptomatic asthma, consistent with the main analysis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; China ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Tiotropium Bromide

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of breast cancer patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (ISLNM) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy,surgery combined with radiotherapy at diagnosis.Methods Therapeutic outcomes of 65 breast cancer patients with ISLNM treated in our hospital between 1999 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were pathologically diagnosed with breast cancer.They were complicated with ISLNM,without distant metastasis confirmed by pathological or imaging examinations.All patients received multi-modality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.KaplanMeier method was adopted to calculate the overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and supraclavicular lymph node recurrence (SCFR).The differences between two groups were statistically analyzed by the log-rank test.Results The median follow-up time was 66 months (range:6-137 months).Five patients had SCFR after corresponding treatment.The overall 5-year SCFR,OS and PFS rates were 9.2％,71.5％ and 49.5％,respectively.Following preoperative chemotherapy,the complete response (CR) of supraclavicular lymph node was a prognostic factor affecting OS.The 5-year OS rates in patients with and without CR were 81.4％ and 53.9％ (P=O.035).The size of supraclavicular lymph node (≤ 1 cm vs.＞ 1 cm at diagnosis was a risk factor of the SCFR (0％ vs.21.0％,P=0.037) and OS rates (≤1 cm vs.＞1 cm:86.1％ vs.55.6％,P =0.001).Conclusions Breast cancer patients with ISLM at diagnosis can obtain high OS rate and excellent tumor control after undergoing multi-modality therapy consisting of preoperative chemotherapy,surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.