Objective To observe three-dimensional(3-D) morphological features of microvessel architecture of human anaplastic astrocytoma.Methods Serial sections of human anaplastic astrocytoma were used to label microvascular endothelial cells with immunohistochemistry using anti-human FⅧ-RAg antibody.The serial images were taken and processed with computer-assisted 3-D reconstruction.Results Partial 3-D structures of the microvessels in anaplastic astrocytoma were successfully reconstructed.The morphology of the vessels was strange in their distribution and branching,which were completely different from normal microvessels of the brain.Some of the tumor vessels showed chaotic structure and some showed tubiform caecum.Conclusion Microvessels in anaplastic astrocytoma appeared multiformity and heterogeneity as well as abundance.3-D reconstruction of such features might be of significance in identifying their architecture,constructing digital tumor microvessel models and targeting the vessels in anti-angiogenesis therapy.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between psychological well-being and psychological stress of migrants who moved from Three Gorges reservoir area to other counties in Chongqing and Sichuan province.Methods:Quantitative research tool is the questionnaire including Basic Situation Questionnaire,Symptom Chick-Lis(tSCL-90)and Psychosocial Stress Survey for groups(PSSG).Results:Ac-cording to results of SCL-90,the positive rate of psychological problem was higher in migrants than that of residents(?2=17.143,P

Objective:To evaluate the different effect of TACE and TACE combined with PEI and RF in treating liver metastasis.Methods:67 patients with liver metastasis were classified as group TACE(46 cases)and combined group including TACE+PEI(7 cases) and group TACE+RF(14 cases).All patients were analyzed after treatment by follow-up、CT and their blood biochemical tests.Results:The rate of tumor shrinkage and necrosis was 46.8% and 20.7%,while the contrast group was 78.9%,49.2% respectively(P

Thyroid cancer is one of the commonest head and neck cancer. According to the recent research, VI lymph nodes (also called the front area, including thyrocricoid lymph nodes, tracheal surrounding lymph nodes, thyroid surrounding lymph node,recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes, retropharyngeal lymph nodes) is the most common site of involvement in the differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyrocricoid lymph nodes known as the Delphian lymph node(DLN) is located between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. The DLN is one of the most accurate predictor. This paper reviewed the clinical significance of the DLN, the role of DLN metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer, and the relationship between tumor size, multicentricity and DLN metastasis. We also discussed the association between DLN metastasis and additional central compartment metastasis, as well as lateral compartment metastasis.
Carcinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To study the changes in activity of phospholipase A_2 (PLA_2) in the course of endotoxin (ET)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rabbits and the antagonizing effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP), in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of FDP on ET-induced ALI. Methods Flap-eared white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (group A), ET challenge group (group B) and treatment group (ET challenged followed by FDP, group C). Group A animals were injected with saline (2ml/kg) as control. Group B animals were injected with ET (500?g/kg) solution followed by saline. Total amount of liquid was 2ml/kg. Group C animals were given the same amount of ET solution followed by injection of FDP (300mg/kg) solution. Total amount of liquid was also 2 ml/kg. During the experiment, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial blood gases and the plasma PLA_2 activity were determined at 0h, 0.5h, 2h, 4h and 6h respectively. The rabbits were sacrificed at 6h, pulmonary PLA_2 activity was assessed, and the pathologic changes in pulmonary tissues were examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with group A, rabbits of group B manifested the typical characters of ALI after ET injection, and the PLA_2 activity in both serum and pulmonary tissue was much higher than those of group A (P

Objective To study the role the pathogenesis of early acute lung injury (ALI) of rabbits induced by intravascular injection of endotoxin (ET) with the intervening method of Chloroquine. Methods Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, ET group, and ET+ chloroquine group. Acute lung injury was induced by intravascular injection of ET (500μg/kg). The arterial gas analyses, leucocyte and platelet counts in peripheral blood, PLA2 activity both in serum and lung tissue, lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissue were measured. Electron microscope and light microscope were used to observe the pathological injuries in pulmonary tissue. The protective effects of chloroquine in early ALI were evaluated. Results Compared with saline controls, rabbits treated with ET displayed the early lung injuries, such as the decrease of PaO2 (P＜0.05), the decrease of leucocytes and platelets in peripheral blood, the leukocytes sequestration in lung tissue. The PLA2 activity significantly increased in ET group compared with control group and chloroquine group both in serum and pulmonary tissue. In ET group, concentration of LPO increased in lung tissue (P＜0.05), while concentration of SOD decreased (P＜0.05). Severe histopathological injuries were presented in ET group, including pulmonary edema, lung tissue haemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration, asphyxial membrand formation, partial pulmonary closure and emphysema.Ultrastructural changes showed both type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ epithelial cells injury in ET group, the edema of endothelial cells, interalveolar septum thickening. In chloroquine group, PaO2 didn't decrease, PLA2 activities in serum and pulmonary tissue were lower than ET group (P＜0.05, P＜0.05), while the concentration of LPO in lung tissue decreased (P＜0.01) and SOD increased significantly (P＜0.01). Pathological examination showed slight pulmonary edema, inflammatory cells infiltration were extenuated, ultrastructural examination proved that the injuries were alleviated by chloroquine compared with ET group. Conclusion Intravascular injection of ET could successfully induce the early ALI models in rabbits. Chloroquine could inhibit the PLA2 activation and reduce the oxidative injury in lung tissue. The experiment result demonstrated PLA2 activation and oxidative stress played important roles in the pathophysiological process of early ET-induced ALI in rabbits.

Objective To study the changes in activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the course of endotoxin (ET) induced acute lung injury (ALI) inrabbits and the antagonizing effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP), in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect of FDP on ET-induced ALI. Methods Flapeared white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (group A), ET challenge group (group B) and treatment group (ET challenged followedby FDP, group C). Group A animals were injected with saline (2ml/kg) as control. Group B animals were injected with ET (500μg/kg) solution followed by saline. Total amount of liquid was 2ml/kg. Group C animals were given the same amount of ET solution followed by injection of FDP (300mg/kg) solution. Total amount of liquid was also 2 ml/kg. During the experiment, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, arterial blood gases and the plasma PLA2 activity were determined at 0h, 0. 5h, 2h, 4h and 6h respectively. The rabbits were sacrificed at 6h, pulmonary PLA2 activity was assessed, and the pathologic changes in pulmonary tissues were examined with light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results Compared with group A,rabbits of group B manifested the typical characters of ALI after ET injection, and the PLA2 activity in both serum and pulmonary tissue was much higher than those of group A (P＜0. 01).Values of the PLA2 activity in group C were between those of the two former groups. At the rame time, obvious pathological changes indicating lung injury were observed in group B and only mild pathological changes could be discerned in group C. Conclusion Activation of PLA2 activity is an important factor in pathogenesis of ET-induced ALI. FDP can antagonize the PLA2 activity and protect rabbits from early ET induced ALI to a certain extent.

Objective To observe the correctly positioning rate of left-sided double lumen endobronchial tube by combined adjustment of auscultation,PETCO2 and airway pressure changes.Methods Sixty adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery were intubated with Robertshaw DLTs. DLT position is checked and adjusted by fiberoptic bronchoscope（FOB）. Results In the supine position,successful intubation is 57 cases by three combined methods,one of cases is shallower,two of cases are deeper,satisfactory rate is 95 percents;In the lateral decubitus position,successful intobution is 56 cases by three combined methods,two of cases is shallower,two of cases are deeper,satisfactory rate is 93.4 percents.Conclusion Three combined methods that are simple,reliable can be used repeatedly during postural changes without increasing the opportunities for injury,it is clinically a very good approach,but the absolute scope of safety is very small,FOB is necessary for positioning.

Objective To study the roles of phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury(ALI) of rabbits induced by intravascular injection of endotoxin (ET), as well as the protective effects of chloroquine. Methods Rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, ET group, and ET+chloroquine group(n=8). Acute lung injury was induced by intravascular injection of ET (500?g/kg). The arterial blood gas analysis and serum PLA 2 activity were measured before and after the ET challenge. At the end of the experiment, PLA 2 activity, content of malodialdchyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in lung tissue were assayed. Electron microscope and light microscope were used to observe the pathological injuries in the pulmonary tissue. Results Compared with saline controls, rabbits treated with ET manifested signs of ALI, such as the decrease of PaO 2(P

Objective To investigate the changes in interleukin-19(IL-19)in lungs of rabbits with acute lung injury(ALI)induced by endotoxin(ET),so as to study the mechanism of injury of ET to the lung and the protective mechanism of meloxicam.Methods Twenty four male Japanese flap-eared white rabbit was randomly assigned to three groups:control group,ET-treated group and treatment with meloxicam group.Rabbit ALI model was replicated with intravascular ET injection(700?g/kg),and meloxicam was intravenously injected(2.5mg/kg)for treatment group.The content of IL-19 was measured with ELSIA method and the changes in malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were determined in every group.Results IL-19 expression in ET challenged group was significantly higher than that in control group(P