Retinal neural degeneration diseases is one of the main causes of vision loss , TNF-αas an inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic biological activity , after binding to its receptor by a variety of signaling pathways , may have play critical role in pathogenesis of retinal neural degeneration diseases including glaucoma , ischemic retinop-athy, age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa .

Objective To evaluate the application of 3D printing technology in the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures ( DAF ) complicated with unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring. Meth-ods A retrospective study was conducted of all the 19 DAF patients complicated with unstable posterior pelvic ring who had been treated from August 2009 to June 2015 in our hospital. They were 12 men and 7 women, aged from 24 to 62 years ( average, 39. 8 years ) . Twelve DAFs were complicated with ipsilateral unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring, 5 with contralateral unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring, and 2 with bilateral unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring. Preoperatively, 3D digital models of the pelvis were reconstructed for the 19 patients using their CT scanning data. Their pelvic models were printed using 3 D printing technology for visual evaluation of their fractures and design of individualized surgical proce-dures. Results With the help of their 3D printing models, the 19 patients obtained successful operations within a mean time of 3. 2 hours. Their intraoperative blood loss averaged 658. 5 mL. They were followed up for an average of 10. 7 months ( range, from 8 to 24 months ) . According to Matta′s criteria for pelvic reduc-tion, 14 cases achieved anatomical reduction, 2 satisfactory reduction and 3 unsatisfactory reduction. Ac-cording to Mears's criteria for reduction of the posterior pelvic ring, 13 cases achieved anatomical reduction, 4 satisfactory reduction and 2 unsatisfactory reduction. The 19 acetabular fractures healed after 9 to 18 weeks ( average, 14. 5 weeks ) . The pelvic fractures healed after 8 to 17 weeks ( average, 13. 5 weeks ) . According to the Merle d'Aubigne-Postel criteria at the last follow-ups, the hip functions were excellent in 7, good in 9, fair in one, and poor in 2 cases. According to the Majeed's functional evaluation, the pelvic functions were excellent in 10 cases, good in 7, fair in one, and poor in one. Complications were incision infection in one, heterotopic ossi-fication in 2, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in one and traumatic arthritis in one. Conclusion In thetreatment of DAF complicated with unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring, application of 3D printing technology can provide direct visualization of the pelvic and acetabular fractures which facilitate preoperative evaluation and design of individualized surgical protocols, leading to fine outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the role of adiponectin (ADP) and adiponectin receptor-1(ADPR1) in limb ischemic precondi-tioning(LIPC) against apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) .Methods SD rats were divided into 3 groups (n=10 ,4 rats of every group were prepared for detecting apoptosis ) .Group sham (group in sham operated) were processed identi-cally except the left coronary artery was not be ligated ;group MIRI (group in ischemia reperfusion) were subjected to occlusion of the left coronary artery anterior descending (LAD) followed by reperfusion ,occlusion for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min;group LIPC (group in limb ischemic preconditioning) were subjected to ischemia and reperfusion on the left hind limb for 5 min in turn for 3 d .LAD were performed ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min at the 4th day .The expression of the level of myocardial ADP and ADPR1 mRNA of group sham ,group MIRI and group LIPC were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) .The apoptosis index of every group were determined by mothod of terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase medi-ated nick end labeling(TUNEL)respectively .Results Compared with group sham ,the expression of ADP and ADPR1 mRNA in group MIRI lessened apparently (P<0 .05);compared with group MIRI ,the expression of ADP and ADPR1 mRNA in group LIPC increased statistically significant(P<0 .05);compared with group sham ,the apoptosis index(AI) of myocardial cells in group MIRI increased apparently(P<0 .05);compared with group MIRI ,the AI of myocardial cells in group LIPC decreased significantly (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Limb ischemic preconditioning ;decreased apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating ADP signaling pathways ,which played a protective role in myocardial tissue .

Objective To evaluate the changes of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters with time in cerebral in farction patients,and contrast with diffusion tensor imaging (DWI).Methods DWI and DKI scans were performed in 95 patients of cerebral infarction.The patients were divided into five groups according to the time of cerebral infarction:Hyperacute phase (n=10),acute phase (n=12),early subacute phase (n =33),late subacute phase (n =20) and chronic phase (n =20).Parameters of DKI were obtained,and the parameters and percentage change of diffusion metrics from normal to ischemic tissue were compared.The evolution rule of parameter with time was analyzed.Results Mean kurtosis (MK),axial kurtosis (K//),radial kurtosis (K⊥) of DKI parameters increased after infarction,and reached the peak at acute phase,and decreased gradually with the prolonging of time.Mean diffusion (MD),axial diffusion (D//),radial diffusion (D⊥) of DTI parameters decreased after infarction,and reached the lowest at the acute phase,and increased gradually with the prolonging of time.The percentage change of MK,K//,K⊥ were higher than those of MD,D//,D⊥,and percent change along the axial direction were significantly larger than that along the radial direction.Conclusion DKI is superior to DTI in evaluating cerebral infarction,and can analyze the changes of microstructure of cerebral infarction comprehensively.

Indole alkaloid family has been the biggest so far among the various alkaloids,which contains pharmaceutical and effective constituents of various plants featuring diverse biological activities.Thanks to the development of metabonomics,to reveal the biosynthetic pathway of active components for the molecular mechanism of indole alkaloids and the regulation research of plant metabolism present a growing importance and significantly direct the researches of improving biological production.This paper reviewed the biosynthetic pathways of some indole alkaloids in accordance with the structure classification of indole alkaloids to lay a foundation for the further studies on the biosynthetic pathways of indole alkaloids and provide a reference for the biosynthetic pathways of other indole alkaloids.

Objectives To explore the role of CD4+T cell-derived leptin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in asthmatic children. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of both healthy subjects and asthmatic children in attack and remission stages. CD4+T cells were purified from PBMCs by mag-netic beads and were cultured in vitro. Supernatants were used to detect the levels of leptin by ELISA. The expression of the orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)γt was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results There was significant difference in CD4+T cell-derived leptin levels of asthmatic children in attack stage (68.46±13.08 pg/ml), remis-sion stage (36.73±6.13 pg/ml) and normal controls (32.82±5.79 pg/ml) (P<0.01). Through pairwise comparison, the leptin levels in children in attack stage were significantly higher than those in remission stage and normal control groups (P<0.01). But no statistical significance was found between remission stage group and normal controls (P>0.05). The plasma leptin of children in attack stage and remission stage, as well as in normal subjects were 16.64 ± 3.53, 14.91 ± 3.24 and 13.72 ± 5.79 ng/ml respectively with no significant differences (P>0.05). The levels of RORγt mRNA were 0.341 ± 0.175, 0.089±0.028 and 0.068±0.018 in children with asthma during attack stage, remission stage and in normal children respec-tively (P<0.01). Compared to remission and normal control groups, the RORγt mRNA level of children in attack stage was markedly higher (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between asthmatic children in remission stage and the healthy controls (P>0.05). Furthermore, the result of this study showed CD4+T cell-derived leptin positively correlated to RORγt in asthmatic children in attack stage (r=0.681, P<0.01). Conclusions CD4+T cell-derived leptin is elevated in asthmatic children in attack stage and its level is closely related to the pathological process of asthma.

Objective To detect the level of CD4+ T cell-derived leptin(LP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) from the patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis(HT) and to investigate its role in the occurrence and development of HT .Methods The peripheral blood samples in the patients with HT and the healthy controls were collected and separated for obtaining PBMC .The CD4+ T cells magnetic beads was adopted to separate CD4+ T cells for culturing in vitro .The LP level in supernatant was detected by ELISA .The relative expression amount of the orphan nuclear receptor RORγt was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method .Results The LP level of CD4+ T cell culture liquid in the HT patients was markedly higher than that in the healthy control group ,difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,the LP level in CD4+ T cell culture liquid was posi-tively related with the relative expression amount of RORγt in HT patients .Conclusion The CD4+ T cell-induced leptin level is in-creased in HT patients ,which is closely related with the occurrence and development of HT .

Objective To explore the role of miR-206 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods Human PBMCs were isolated by standard densitygradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque solution in SLE and healthy controls.Total RNAs were extracted from PBMCs which were stimulated by PMA and ionomycin,thenthe RNA was transcribed reversely into cDNA.The expression of miR-206 and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and the orphan nuclear receptor RORγt mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.T test and Spearman's correlation test were used for statistical analysis.Results The expression of miR-206 in the PBMCs of SLE patients was significantly decreased compared with that of healthy controls (0.066±0.021 vs 0.143±0.059,t=3.136,P＜0.01).The levels of KLF4 and RORγt mRNAin the PBMCs of SLE patients were increased significantly than those of healthy controls (0.637 ±0.186 vs 0.104 ± 0.028,t=6.673,P＜0.01),(0.575±0.263 vs 0.065±0.014,t=7.386,P＜0.01).Furthermore,there was a negative correlation between the expression of miR-206 and KLF4 or RORγt mRNA in SLE patients (r=-0.627,P＜ 0.01),(r=-0.853,P＜0.01).Conclusion These results indicate that the augmented expression of KLF4 mRNA may be caused by the attenuated expression of miR-206,and the high level of KLF4 mRNA evokes the proportion of Thl7 cells in SLE patients.

Objective To explore the effect of nicotinaide nucleotide transhydrogenase(NNT) mutation on glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice with mix background. Methods We generated wild type NNT homozygous, mutant NNT homozygous and heterozygous by mating the C57BL/6J (with NNT mutation) and 6N (without NNT mutation). At the age of 4 weeks, those mice were randomly assigned to normal control diet(NCD) or high-fat diet(HFD) for 4 weeks. The body weight was measured every week. At the age of 8 weeks, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT) and an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Results The body weight growth was not affected by NNT mutation during an HFD fed. NNT mutant mice showed significant glucose intolerance. After 4 weeks of high fat diet, the NNT mutant mice showed a decreased insulin sensitivity, while the glucose excursion curve was not elevated in the heterozygous mice. Conclusion NNT mutation had a significant influence on the phenotype of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance of mice, in particular under a metabolic stress. The phenotypes of heterozygous and homozygous mutant ones differed from each other. When using mice with C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mixed background in research, NNT mutation should be carefully screened in all metabolic studies.

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) based on ISHIM sequence in the grading of astrocytic tumor.Methods We collected excised tumors confirmed by histological diagnosis from 42 patients including high-grade astrocytic tumors (10 WHO grade Ⅲ,18 WHO grade Ⅳ),and 14 low-grade astrocytic tumors (1 WHO grade Ⅰ and 13 WHO grade Ⅱ).All patients underwent conventional MR imaging,ISHIM IVIM-DWI,and contrast-enhanced MR imaging.Parameters of tumor parenchyma region,peripheral edema regions and the contralateral normal brain white matter sites were measured,and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The D value in tumor parenchyma region was significantly lower,but the D* and f values were higher in high-grade astrocytic tumor when compared with lowgrade one and all had statistical significance;in tumor peripheral edema region,D value was lower in high-grade astrocytic tumor than that in low-grade one,and the difference had statistical significance but there was no significant difference in terms of the D* and f values.There was no significant difference of the D,D* and f values in contralateral normal brain white matter sites in both high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.Conclusion The D,D* and f values measured by ISHIM IVIM-DWI are helpful to the judgment of tumor grade and it has greatapplication value in the differential diagnosis of high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.