Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is safe and effective concentration formulation which is obtained from the plasma of health adults.Domestic IVIG was used in clinical since 1979 by Liao Qingkui,who are pediatric doctor form West China Second Hospital.Researches on clinical applications of IVIG are quickly developed at home and abroad,which now become the indispcnsable treatment for primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases,autoimmune diseases,infectious disease(especially for virus),stem cell or organ transplantation and ICU areas.Treatment dose and course are administered accordding to individuals and pharmacokinetic characteristics of IVIG,immunoglobulin rose to peak of drug concentration quickly,and recovery to the original level of plasma after 3-4 weeks.Common therapeutic dose of IVIG recommended by the literature were 400mg/(kg·per time),3-5 d,or 1000 mg/(kg·per time),2d,or 2000 mg/(kg·per time),1d,which were usually used for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,Kawasaki disease patients.Treatment perscription of 200-600 mg/(kg·per time),1 d,and once every 2-6 weeks are used for immunodeficiency diseases and infections.Now,the clinical application of IVIG was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the effects of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the expressions of iron metabolism-related genes and their products in K562 cells and the possible relationship. Methods (1) The characteristics of K562 leukemic cell differentiation induced by ATRA was evaluated by Benzidine, Wright's, NSE and NBT staining.(2) The expression levels of cellular surface antigens (CD71 and CD 13) in K562 cells cultured with ATRA were measured by flow cytometry. (3) IRP/IRE binding activity was assessed by RNA/protein band-shift assay.(4) Ferritin was determined by radioimmunoassay.(5) The mRNA expression levels of H-Fn, TfR and IRP2 in K562 cells cultured with different concentrations of ATRA were delineated by RT-PCR method, confirmed by sequencing of RT-PCR products. Results K562 cells could be induced to differentiate into neutrophils by ATRA, confirmed by cytochemical staining. The expression of CD71 decreased while CD13 increased. The mRNA expression levels of TfR and IRP2 were decreased while mRNA expression level of H-Fn was increased in K562 cells cultured with ATRA, compared to that in control cells. Concomitantly,IRP binding activity was significantly decreased but the level of ferritin was significantly increased in K562 cells cultured with ATRA. Conclusions During the course of K562 cells induction and differentiation to myelocytes by ATRA, the expression level of iron metabolism-related genes and products were changed but the upstream-regulation mechanism still remains unclear.

AIM: To explore the mechanism underlying inducible nitric oxide (NO) caused injury of endothelial cells during inflammation. METHODS: The activity of iso-enzymes of NO synthase (NOS), NO level and iNOS expression were examined using NADPH method, Griess reaction and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also measured. RESULTS:Co-administration of cytokines (TNF-? 5?10 5 U/L, IL-1? 2?10 5 U/L, INF-? 2?10 5 U/L) and LPS (10 mg/L) caused an obvious increase in NOS activity, NO levels (about two-fold) and a significant injury of the cells. At the same time, a significant increase in iNOS mRNA was also detected. Wheareas, treatment of the cells separately with cytokines or LPS for 24 h had no significant effect on NOS activity and NO level in cell lysates, however, it caused a significant increase in LDH release and MDA content. Also, the effect of cytokines and LPS on cell viability was concentration-and time-dependent. L-NMMA, a inhibitor of NOS, can suppress inducible NO production and protect cells against NO induced injury. CONCLUSION:Co-administration of cytokines (TNF-?, IL-1? and INF-?) and LPS significant activated iNOS and NO production which, in turn, induced oxidative reaction in endothelial cells.

AIM: To explore the regulatory effects of ferritin expression and intracellular iron change on aspirin resistance to oxidative damage in endothelial cells. METHODS: Using ELISA to measure the levels of ferritin expression under different aspirin concentrations, in the presence of iron cheltor desferioxamine and add to FeCl 3. Then using RNA-protein bandshift assay and RT-PCR to examine the activation of IRP and the expression of IRP 2 mRNA onaspirin induced ferritin formation. RESULTS: Aspirin at low concentration (0.1mmol/L) induced significant increase in ferritin expression in a concentration-dependent fashion up to 25% over basal levels. Aspirin induced cytoprotection from H 2O 2 damage increased significantly following ferritin formation in endothelial cells.However, in the presence of iron chelator desferrioxamine, aspirin enhanced ferritin synthesis was abrogated with a 3 fold increase in the activity of IRP and significant increase in IRP 2 mRNA level. In contrast, FeCl 3 and aspirin both increased the level of induced ferritin synthesis with significant decrease in IRP activity and IRP 2 mRNA level. CONCLUSION: The effect of aspirin induced ferritin synthesis on resistance to oxidative damage in endothelium was operated through down-regulating IRP activation and IRP 2 mRNA level.

Objective To investigate the differences of HCV infection rates among blood donors of different Chinese nationalities.Methods Anti-HCV results from more than 300000 blood donors of 41 nationalities from 8 provinces or autonomous regions were investigated and analyzed.Serum anti-HCV antibody was tested by ELISA.Results(1)The anti-HCV prevalence rate was 0.98%(676/68782) among first time blood donors;0.71%(1750/245137) among repeated donors;and the overall anti-HCV prevalence rate among all the blood donors was 0.77%(2426/313919).The anti-HCV prevalence rate was higher among first time donors,compared to repeated donors(P