Objective To observe the effects of preconditioning with pioglitazone on infarct size and mito-chondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in rats with ischemia-repedusion, and to explore its possible mecha-nism. Method The whole experiment was divided into experiment Ⅰ and Ⅱ. In experiment Ⅰ, 24 rats were ran-domly divided into four groups (6 rats in each group): (1)Sham-operated (SO) group: the coronary artery of rat was threading without hgation, and the heart was removed by cutting immediately 4 hours later; (2) Isehemia-reperfusion (I/R) group: the rats were administered with 0.9% saline intravenously via caudal vein at 24 hours before iigating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 minutes, and followed by reperfusion for 4 hours; (3)5-hydroxydecanoate plus pioglitazone(5HD+Pio) group: the rats were injected with 10 mg/kg 5-hy-droxydecanoate (the blocker of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels,) at 24 hours before ligation, and 30 minutes later, 3 mg/kg pioglitazone was given in 5 minutes, and then the rats were subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes, followed by reperfusion for4 hours; (4)pioglitazone treatment group (Pio): the mrs were given 3 mg/kg pioglitazone at 24 hours before occlusion, and then they were treated as done in the 5HD+Pio group. In I/R, 5HD+Pio and Pio group, the hearts were removed by cutting after reperfusion. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of P38MAPK, .INK and NFκB P65. In experiment Ⅱ, 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups: SO, I/R, Pio, 5HD+Pio and 5-HD group (rats were treated as done in the rats of I/R group and were injected with 10 mg/kg 5-bydroxydecanoate 24 h before ischemia/reperfusion),and the size of myocardial in-farction and isehemia were measured after reperfusion. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS10.0 soft-ware. Multiple comparisons were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (SNK-q test). P<0.05 was consid-ered statistically significant. Results (1) The infarct size in i/R group was(34.93±5.55)%, while pioglita-zone reduced the infarct size to(20.24±3.93)% (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between I/R and 5-HD±Pio or 5-HD groups (P>0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the expression of P38MAPKmRNA, JNKmRNA and protein of P38MAPK, JNK and NFκB P65 in I/R increased (P<0.05). Com-pared with the I/R group, pioglitazone inhibited these undue expressions (P<0.05). Conclusions Pioglitazone could protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury evidenced by reducing infarct size. These protective effects of pioglitazone may be related to opening mitochondrial ATP-seusitive potassium channels or downregulation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling, leading to the overexpression of NFκB p65 activation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the surgical effect of three-dimensional (3D) versus 2D laparoscopic surgery in ureter lithotomy.

METHODSFrom January 2014 to 2015 May, 45 patients with ureteral calculi were randomly allocated into 2 groups to undergo ureter lithotomy under 3D laparoscopy (25 cases) and 2D laparoscopy (20 cases). The time used for each surgical process (including the exposure, D-J tube discharge, suture and other surgical procedures) was recorded and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe operation was completed smoothly in all the 45 patients. In this cohort, the wound drainage tube was removed in a mean of 3.0mnplus;0.8 days after the operation, the catheter was removed after a week, and the double J tube was removed at 1 month. Follow-up intravenous pyelography at 3 months after the operation reveal ureteral stricture in none of the cases. Comparison of the surgical data showed that the time used in each surgical process was significantly shorter in the 3D group than in the 2D group (P<0.05). 3D laparoscopic surgery allowed more precise operation by providing a good sense of depth as in an open surgery to reduce the operation time.

CONCLUSIONSAs a minimally invasive surgical technique, 3D laparoscopic surgery facilitates more precise and easier operation compared with 2D laparoscopy in ureter lithotomy.

Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Kidney Pelvis ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Operative Time ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; surgery