Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for prognosis of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in children and to improve the recognition of the disease.Methods The study included 62 DAH pediatric patients hospitalized from January, 2006 to January, 2016. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. According to the basic diseases, children were divided into immune associated DAH and non-immune associated DAH to explore the effect of early glucocorticoid treatment on the two groups of DAH. Based on the prognosis, the patients were divided into the death group and the survival group to analyze its related risk factors.Results Of the 62 patients, 20 were of immune associated DAH, 42 of non-immune associated DAH. There was no signiflcant difference of early treatment with glucocorticoid between the two groups (P>0.05). In our cohort, 30 patients died, the total mortality was 48.4% (30/62). Pediatric critical illness score may be the independent risk factor for DAH mortality.Conclusions DAH is an acute, life-threatening event, the lower the pediatric critical illness score, the higher risk of death.