BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is the common detective complications at the end-stage of renal failure patients during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) treatment, which easily repeatedly occurred if not handled properly. Although the plumbing designs of peritoneal dialysis have done a lot of effort and improved in recent years, it still hard to avoid. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relative factors and treatments of infectious peritonitis complicated with CAPD. METHODS: Totally 115 cases received CAPD were selected, including 55 males and 60 females, aged (56.2?.7) years. 68 cases of which were suffered infectious peritonitis, aged (58.5?.3) years. All received a (30.3?.5)-month CAPD treatment. The relative factors such as the nutrition situation, whether complicated with diabetes mellitus or not, culture background, domestic environment, whether operating by special person and so on were investigated, and the relationship between those factors and infectious peritonitis were analyzed. The pathogen method was used to check pathogenic bacteria, and those patients were treated with irrigation of abdominal cavity and antibiotics in two ways, that is, systemic and intra-abdominalcavity. Hemodialysis instead of CAPD was used in those infectious peritonitis patients.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Those patients with good nutrition situation, higher culture background, better domestic environment, and operating by special person had low chances to infect peritonitis. And those patients with diabetes mellitus had high chances to infect peritonitis. Treatments of abdominal cavity and anti-infection in two ways-systemic and intra-abdominal cavities were effective to those infectious peritonitis patients. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogen, which were susceptive to vancomycin and cefazolin. If the pathogen was gram-negative bacteria, etimicin sulfate, amikacin, and imipenem cilastatin could be selected. Infectious peritonitis complicated with CAPD affected by many factors. CAPD patients should be provided better nutrition and domestic situation. Also patients should operate in aseptic ways. Doctors should choose proper patients who can operate CAPD right.

OBJECTIVETo observe the relationship between the amount of HBV DNA in serum/liver tissue and HGV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) for exploring the effect of HGV infection on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication of CH-B.

METHODSHGV RNA in serum, HGV nonstructural region 5 (NS5) antigen (HGV Ag) in liver tissue and the amount of HBV DNA in serum, liver tissue were detected for 56 patients with CH-B by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method and fluorescence quantitative PCR assay, respectively. Then the relationship between HGV Ag expression in liver tissue and HGV RNA expression in serum was analysed and the amount of HBV DNA in serum and liver tissues from the serum HGV RNA or liver tissue HGV Ag positive patients were compared with those of the serum HGV-RNA or liver tissue HGV Ag negative patients, respectively.

RESULTSTen (17.9%) and eight (14.3%) patients were positive for serum and liver tissues,respectively.HGV RNA expression in serum was closely related to HGV Ag expression in liver tissues, but there was HGV RNA in serum from some of the liver tissues HGV Ag negative patients ?cases of HGV RNA and HGV Ag positive or negative,HGV RNA positive but HGV Ag negative, HGV RNA negative but HGV Ag positive, respectively: 5,43,5,3,(P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the amount of HBV DNA in serum and liver tissues between HGV RNA or HGV Ag positive and negative patients (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHGV infection may not affect HBV replication. Liver is the site of HGV replication, but HGV probably also replicates in extrahepatic tissues. HGV hepatic pathogenicity is probably mild and further studies are still needed.

Adult ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; Female ; Flaviviridae Infections ; complications ; virology ; GB virus C ; genetics ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; virology ; Male ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Virus Replication

Purpose: Models for predicting perforation during endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP) are rare. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine important parameters in endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images to predict perforation and to build predictive models. Methods: Consecutive patients with gastric SMTs originating from the MP who received ER from May 1, 2013 to January 15, 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. They were classified into case and control groups based on the presence of perforation. Logistic multivariate analysis was used to identify potential variables and build predictive models (models 1 and 2: with and without information on tumor pathology, respectively). Results: In total, 199 EUS procedures (194 patients) were finally chosen, with 99 procedures in the case group and 100 in the control group. The ratio of the inner distance to the outer distance (I/O ratio) was significantly larger in the case group than in the control group (median ratio, 2.20 vs. 1.53; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.036 in model 1; OR, 1.046 in model 2), the I/O ratio (OR, 2.731 in model 1; OR, 2.372 in model 2), and the pathology of the tumors (OR, 10.977 for gastrointestinal stromal tumors; OR, 15.051 for others in model 1) were risk factors for perforation. The two models to predict perforation had areas under the curve of 0.836 (model 1) and 0.755 (model 2). Conclusion EUS was useful in predicting perforation in ER for gastric SMTs originating from the MP. Two predictive models were developed.

This is a research carried out to explore a pragmatic way of BCI based imaging movement, i. e. to extract the feature of EEG for reflecting different thinking by searching suitable methods of signal extraction and recognition algorithm processing, to boost the recognition rate of communication for BCI system, and finally to establish a substantial theory and experimental support for BCI application. In this paper, different mental tasks for imaging left-right hands movement from 6 subjects were studied in three different time sections (hint keying at 2s, 1s and 0s after appearance of arrow). Then we used wavelet analysis and Feed-forward Back-propagation Neural Network (BP-NN) method for processing and analyzing the experimental data of off-line. Delay time delta t2, delta t1 and delta t0 for all subjects in the three different time sections were analyzed. There was significant difference between delta to and delta t2 or delta t1 (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noted between delta t2 and delta t1 (P>0.05). The average results of recognition rate were 65%, 86.67% and 72%, respectively. There were obviously different features for imaging left-right hands movement about 0.5-1s before actual movement; these features displayed significant difference. We got higher recognition rate of communication under the hint keying at about 1s after the appearance of arrow. These showed the feasibility of using the feature signals extracted from the project as the external control signals for BCI system, and demon strated that the project provided new ideas and methods for feature extraction and classification of mental tasks for BCI.
Algorithms ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Hand ; physiology ; Humans ; Movement ; physiology ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pattern Recognition, Physiological ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Thinking ; physiology ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple?negative breast cancer MDA?MB?468, MDA?MB?231 cells and estrogen receptor?positive MCF?7 cells. Methods All the cells were treated with 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy?related protein ( such as LC3) and apoptosis?related proteins ( such as caspase?3 and caspase?9) . Results MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA?MB?468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA?MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?468 cells in GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.43± 3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?231 cells of the GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF?7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p?Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p?PTEN, caspase?3 and caspase?9 were increased. Conclusions Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple?negative breast cancer MDA?MB?468, MDA?MB?231 cells and estrogen receptor?positive MCF?7 cells. Methods All the cells were treated with 3?methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy?related protein ( such as LC3) and apoptosis?related proteins ( such as caspase?3 and caspase?9) . Results MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA?MB?468 cells (P<0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA?MB231 cells (P<0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?468 cells in GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.43± 3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA?MB?231 cells of the GE, GE+3?MA and GE+BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF?7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P>0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p?Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p?PTEN, caspase?3 and caspase?9 were increased. Conclusions Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA?MB?468 and MDA?MB?231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene in the proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis of human lung cancer cells.

METHODSFHIT gene packaged with lipofectin was transfected into the cells of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), which stably expressed ectogenous FHIT gene. The FHIT mRNA and protein expression of A549-FHIT, A549-vector and A549 cell were detected by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR), Western blot and immunocytochemical methods. The cell cycle pattern and apoptosis were assayed by using flow cytometry.

RESULTSAfter transfection of FHIT gene, cell growth was obviously inhibited (P<0.01). The apoptosis index of A549-FHIT (8.42%) was significantly higher than that of A549-vector (5.45%) and A549 cells (5.71%)(P<0.01). The clone-formation rate of A549-FHIT cell (21.84%) was significantly lower than that of A549-vector (28.70%) and A549 cells (31.68%, P<0.01). Compared with control cell lines, larger scale of A549-FHIT cells accumulated in G0/G1, presenting that the proportion of the cells in G0/G1 phase was obviously increased from 67.78 % to 82.35 %. Tumorigenicity of the A549 cells in nude mice was greatly inhibited by expression of ectogenous FHIT gene, the weight and volume of A549-FHIT(1.61 g/1.37 cm(3)) were significantly lower than that of A549-vector (2.45 g/1.99cm(3)) and A549 cells (2.77 g/2.27 cm(3))(P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONExpression of ectogenous FHIT gene can obviously inhibit the proliferation and tumorigenesis of A549 cells, and can induce A549 cells into programmed cell death. The result of this study suggests that FHIT gene may be a tumor suppressor gene in human lung cancer cells.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases ; Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Cycle ; physiology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phenotype ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective: To compare the clinicopathological characteristics of second primary lung cancer following breast cancer and lung metastases from breast cancer, and then to analyze the risk factors in breast cancer patients with second primary lung tumor. Methods: Clinical data of 55 breast cancer patients with second primary lung tumor and 205 breast cancer patients with solitary pulmonary metastasis in Shandong Cancer Hospital from January 2006 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of primary lung cancer following breast cancer were analyzed using logistic regression model. Results: Second primary lung cancer in patients with first breast cancer accounted for approximately 21.2%(55/260) of pulmonary malignant solitary nodules, and 0.84%(55/6 580) of all breast cancer patients. The median intervals between the diagnosis of second primary lung cancer or lung metastasis and first breast cancer were 52 months and 42 months, respectively. These two groups showed significant difference between age, time interval between diagnoses, breast tumor size, axillary lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor, molecular subtype (luminal B and triple-negative) and history of radiotherapy (P<0.05 for all). A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed that age (OR=1.088, P<0.001), breast tumor size(OR=0.480, P<0.001), and radiotherapy history (OR=3.460, P=0.004) were all independent factors for second primary lung cancer. Conclusions For isolated pulmonary nodules in patients with breast cancer, especially for those with elder age, larger tumor size and radiotherapy history, we should distinguish the second primary lung cancer from pulmonary metastasis. The treatment regimen for lung metastasis and primary lung cancer in patients with breast cancer are entirely distinct. The timely histopathology examinations for pulmonary nodes in patients with breast cancer are recommended.

AIM: To understand the publication status, research trends, and cutting-edge and hot topics in this field by conducting a bibliometrics analysis of relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in the past 30 a.METHODS:A total of 986 relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of POAG published on the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)from 1 September 1993 to 1 September 2023 were retrieved. CiteSpace(6.2.R.4)and VOSviewer(1.6.18)software were used to conduct knowledge graph analysis on the retrieved literature, including publication volume, author, research institution, country/region, and keywords.RESULTS:The United States(243 articles)has the highest number of publications, followed by China(121 articles). The foreign institution with the highest number of publications is Harvard University(37 articles), while domestic institutions such as Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, ophthalmology department of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Peking University First Hospital tied for the highest number of publications. Louis R. Pasquale(21 articles)is the most prolific English author. Wang Ningli is the most active Chinese researcher in this field. Keywords include trabecular meshwork, intraocular pressure, aqueous humor, glucocorticoid, hemorheology, etc.CONCLUSION: The research on the pathogenesis of POAG is in a period of vigorous development. The United States has the largest number of publications in this field, and Harvard University is a leading institution in this field. The research focus in the field of POAG has shifted from the structural aspect to the genetic level, and gene research and traditional Chinese medicine treatment have broad application prospects in this field.

AIM: To investigate the abnormal conditions and change patterns of accommodative facility in patients with different refractive states before and after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)surgery.METHODS:A prospective clinical cohort study was conducted. A total of 59 patients(118 eyes)who underwent SMILE surgery and had visual function files established in our hospital from June to December 2023 were randomly selected, including 37 males and 22 females, aged 18-35 years(with an average age of 25.19±5.65 years). According to the preoperative spherical equivalent(SE), they were divided into two groups: the low-to-moderate myopia group(SE≥-6.00 DS)with 40 patients(80 eyes), and the high myopia group(SE<-6.00 DS)with 19 patients(38 eyes). The monocular and binocular accommodative facility before surgery and at 1 wk and 1 mo after surgery were compared, and the changes in accommodative facility before and after SMILE surgery in the two groups of patients were analyzed.RESULTS:All surgeries were completed successfully. In the low-to-moderate myopia group, 33 cases(66 eyes)completed the 1-month follow-up after surgery, with a loss to follow-up rate of 17.5%(7/40). In the high myopia group, 15 patients(30 eyes)completed the 1-month follow-up after surgery, with a loss to follow-up rate of 21.1%(4/19). After SMILE surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity and SE of both low-to-moderate myopia and high myopia were significantly improved(all P<0.05). The accommodative facility of the right eyes in all the patients at 1 mo after surgery was better than that before surgery and at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.002, 0.006), the accommodative facility of the left eyes was significantly increased at 1 mo after surgery than that at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.005), and the binocular accommodative facility at 1 mo after surgery was significantly increased compared with that before surgery(P<0.017). Furthermore, there were statistical significance in accommodative facility of the right eyes in the low-to-moderate group at 1 mo compared with that before surgery and at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.011, 0.004); it was significantly increased in the left eyes at 1 mo after surgery compared with that at 1 wk after surgery(P=0.001), and binocular accommodative facility at 1 mo after surgery was significantly better than that before surgery(P<0.001). Furthermore, there was no statistical significance in the right, left and binocular accommodative facility of patients in the high myopia group(all P>0.017).CONCLUSION: After SMILE surgery, the monocular accommodative facility shows a transient decrease and then exceeds the preoperative level at 1 mo after surgery, and the binocular accommodative facility gradually improves after surgery. SMILE surgery has a positive impact on the monocular and binocular accommodative facility in patients with low-to-moderate myopia, but has no significant impact on the accommodative facility in patients with high myopia. It is of clinical significance to strengthen the detection of monocular and binocular accommodative facility before and after SMILE surgery.