In recent years,with the rapid development of orthopedic surgery and minimally invasive surgery,superficial fascia and its structures are receiving much recognition and more and more attention.Although opinions on naming and definition at different levels still vary,in-depth study of related structures offers clinical surgeons a broad prospect.

Aim To study the receptor mechanism of carvedilol(CAR) on heart failure.Methods Established rat model of heart failure was induced by abdominal aortic coarctation.With modified Langendorff model of rat,isoproterenol(ISO),carvedilol,propranolol(PRL) and the specific ?3 adrenergic receptor(?3AR) blocker SR59230A were given perfusion on heart failure and normal rats' hearts.Then the cardiac function was investigated.At the same time,plasma norepinephrine in normal and heart failure group was measured.Results ① The ?dp/dtmax of heart failure group were significantly reduced compared with those of the normal group,and the norepinephrine level was remarkably higher than that of the normal group.② In heart failure group,perfused PRL on the basis of ISO,the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise(+dp/dtmax) decreased by 40.37%? 2.52%,the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decrease(-dp/dtmax) reduced by 41.36%?1.10%;perfused CAR on the basis of ISO,+dp/dtmax decreased by 24.73%? 3.60%,-dp/dtmax reduced by 22.05%?1.27%.There were differences between these two groups,and the cardiac function perfused CAR was better than PRL.③ Perfused CAR in heart failure group,+dp/dtmax increased by 41.57%?14.98%,-dp/dtmax increased by 33.39%?6.41%;perfused ?3AR specific blocker SR59230A,+dp/dtmax increase by 45.75% ?2.64%,-dp/dtmax increased by 42.81% ?9.62%.There were no differences between these two groups.Conclusion Another receptor mechanism of CAR in heart failure model was probably blocked by ?3AR.

ObjectiveTo improve the therapies for recurrent arterial embolism of the extremities. MethodsFrom Dec. 1984 to Dec. 1997, 35 patients of recurrent embolism of the extremities were treated,results were compared to that of 248 patients with first onset.ResultsThe recurrent cases accounted for 12.4% of the disease.One year recurrence developed in 63% of the 35 cases.32 cases suffered from second arterial embolism and 3 cases had third onset with a total of 42 limbs.The rates of cure,mortality and amputation were respectively 54.3%,22.9%, and 2.9% in the recurrent group,compared to 72.6%,10.1%,and 14.9% in the control group.There were statistically significant differences of cure,mortality and amputation rates between the two groups(? 2test, P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of axillo-axillary bypass grafting for the treatment of contralateral arterial ischemia of upper limb. Method 53 cases underwent axillo-axillary artery PTFE graft bypass among those there were 46 cases of subclavian artery occlusion and 3 cases of subclavian artery aneurysm and 4 cases of trauma. Preoperatively 33 cases suffered from a symptom of extremity ischemia and 18 cases with subclavian artery blood steal. Result Good results were achieved in all cases without any complications. Doppler test showed the gradient of bilateral brachial pressure artery was less 10 mmHg in all cases. ConclusionAxillo-axillary artery PTFE graft bypass is an effective method for subclavian artery reconstruction with less trauma and complications. It is especially suitable for the elders with concomitant heart brain and lung diseases. It is also applicable for cases in which the subclavian arteries are not easily accessible due to artery aneurysm and artery trauma.

Objective The molecular basis for opiate tolerance and dependence remains poorly understood despite extensive investigation in several preparations, including the hippocampus. Recent studies have implicated that the hippocampus played a central role in opiate tolerance, dependence and withdrawal. The current study is to explore the change in guanine nucleotide binding protein-inhabitant (Gi_2) protein in primary cultured hippocampal neurons with morphine treament. Methods The hippocampus was harvested from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary hippocampal neuronal cultures of 7 days in vitro were used and divided randomly into six groups (n=6), i.e. morphine treatment 4h group (M4), 8h group (M8), 16h group (M16), 24h group (M24), 48h group (M48) and control group (C). All morphine treatment groups were treated with morphine (10?mol/L). C group was treated with saline. The G protein levels were determined with immunofluorscence and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) imaging techniques. Results Gi_2 protein levels in M16, M24 and M48 groups decreased significantly compared with that in C group (P0.05). Among M16, M24 and M48 groups, Gi_2 protein level was lowest in the M48 group. Conclusion The results indicated that Gi_2 protein levels decreased significantly in primary cultured hippocampal neurons with morphine treatment, which might be a potential molecular mechanism of opioid tolerance and dependence.

Objective To investigate the changes in inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein Gi_2 in five brain regions of morphine addicted rats: ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and locus caeruleus. Methods 36 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6): acute morphine dependent group, acute abstinence group, acute control group, chronic morphine dependent group, chronic abstinent group and chronic control group. Morphine dependent models were reproduced. Withdrawal syndrome was induced with naloxone 5mg/kg for 30min in rats of abstinence group. All rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Frozen sections of coronal plane of respective brain regions (ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus, hippocampus) were prepared. The relative concentrations of Gi_2 protein were determined with immunohistochemical methods. Results Gi_2 proteins in acute morphine dependent group and acute abstinence group were significantly decreased compared with that of acute control group in nucleus accumbens (P

History of abdominal surgery was the contradiction of reoperation with laparoscopy. With the development of laparoscopic technique, this contradiction now has been challenged and reoperative minimally invisave surgery is growing. The objective of this article is to state the applications of laparoscopic technique in gastrointestinal reoperative surgery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP) for gallbladder and bile duct stones.Methods A total of 58 patients with both gallbladder and bile duct stones received endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) in our hospital.After the stones were removed,LC was performed on the patients.Results Of the 58 patients,56 were successfully treated with EST and LC.Two cases were unsuccessful owing to difficulty in intubation during ERCP in one and failure to remove all the stones from the bile duct in the other.These two patients were then cured by LC combined with electronic choledochoscopy.Perioperative complications included bleeding during EST in 1,acute edematous pancreatitis in 2,and mild infection of the puncture site in 1.The overall complication rate was 7.1%(4/56).Retained common bile duct stone was observed in 1 patient,and was successfully removed by subsequent ERCP.Conclusions LC combined with ERCP is a safe and effective minimal invasive method for the treatment of concurrent gallstones and bile duct stones.

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation in incidence and severity between peripheral arterial disease(PAD) and coronary artery disease and stroke in Chinese people,in order to assess the essentiality of Ankle Brachial Index(ABI) examination for all the patients.Methods Patients hospitalized to Departments of Cardiology,Neurology and Vascular Diseases from March 2006 to December 2007 were enrolled.ABI was measured,and the disease history was collected.Ejection fraction(EF),coronary arteriography and ultrasound examination of the cervical artery were recorded to analyze the relationship between them and ABI.The prevalence of decreased ABI was calculated.Results In 132 patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology,the prevalence of ABI

Objective To study the effects of TSPG on apoptosis of K562 cells and the probable mechanism involved. Methods MTT was used to investigate the proliferation of K562 cells;Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to investigate the effects of TSPG on apoptosis of K562 cells; The expression of Survivin in K562 cells treated with differ-ent concentraction of TSPG were examined by RT-PCR. Results The growth of K562 cells was inhibited by TSPG in the concentration dependent manner (P < 0.05). FCM showed that the apoptosis rates of cells in 100 μg/L (23.78%) and 200μg/L TSPG group(33.98%) were higher than those in 101μg/L TSPG group(16.67%), with significant difference(P <0.01 or P < 0.05). The expression rates of Survivin were decreased by the treatment with the increasing concentrations of TSPG (P < 0.05). Conclusion TSPG can restrain the human leukemic cell growth and induce cell apoptosis,which may be related to the decreased expressions of Survivin.