BMPs(bone morphogenetic proteins.)were first identified as proteins that were able to induce ectopic osteogenesis and were shown to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of both osteoblast-like and osteoprogenitor cells.Clearly the use of BMPs in orthopaedics is still in its formative stage,but the data suggest an exciting and promising future for the development of new therapeutic applications.Identification of a precise mechanism for the factors in the progression may be helpful for clinical treatments.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.025

Objective To compare the Occurrence rate of unplanned extubation(UEX)and anastomotic leakage by two different gastric tube for gastrointestinal decompression in patients after the operation of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Three hundred and eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups,the experimental group(n=90),ballonet gastric tubes were used;the control group(n=90),general gastric tubes were used.The occurTence rate of unplanned extubation(UEX)and anastomotic leakage were investigated.Results There was a remarkable difference(P＜0.01)in the rate of UEX between the experimental group and the control group.Though no statistical difference was seen in the rate of anastomotic leakage(P＞0.05),lower incidence of anastomofic leakage was seen in the experimental group.Conclusions BalIonet gastric tube for gastrointestinal decompression in patients after the operation of esophageal carcinoma can reduce the rate of UEX,improve the nursing qualiy and also successfully reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage.

Objective To study the epidemic characteristics of falls among older female adults.Methods Stratified random sampling was applied in this study.Totally 969 elderly female adults aged 60 years and over from communities of Changning district were recruited and self-designed questionnaire was used in survey.Results Among 969 interviewees,238 (24.6％) had an injury in the past years,and 4.7％ had more than one fall.Among those who fell in the past year,84.5％ had suffered from different kinds of fall-related injury with injury incidence of 20.7 ％,and 32.4 ％ suffered from fracture with the fracture rate of 7.9％.There was a significant difference in fall incidence between different age groups,and the incidence increased with aging (x2 =30.26,P＜0.01).After a fall,71.6％ cases needed certain medical service,and 11.8％ were hospitalized for treatment.Among those suffered from fall-related injury,the activities of 29.3％ patients were decreased,and 3.0％ lost the ability to live independently.Most falls (31.2％) occurred at home.Among those,61.8％ of patients considered the reason of their falls was the interaction between intrinsic hazards and environmental hazards.Conclusions High incidence and severe consequence of fall appear among elderly female adults.More attention should be paid to this population.

The aim of the experimental study is to investigate shortterm toxicity of an initial domestic Methotrexate microspheres(MTX-ms)by hepatic arterial infusion in rats,provide some experimental bases for clinic interventional treatment of liver carcinoma with this new chemoembolization agent.Compareing with control group and MTX group, MTX-ms of largedoses could result in temporal rise of GPT and AKP,deterioration or necroses of animal's liver at different degrees,12 days later a number of microspheres could still be found in the small arteries of the necrotizing area.No pathological changes related to microsphere could be found in other main organs(heart,spleen,lung and kidney).Results suggested that chemoembolization effect of MTX-ms is relatively strong;for effectively oc- cluding blood flow of hepatic arteries on the level of small arteries.Meanwhile MTX-ms oc- clud blood supply of liver carcinoma,they may also cause damages of normal liver tissue. Clinically more attention ought to be paid to the dosage of MTX1 microspheres and thus avoid the overflow of more microspheres to the normal liver tissue causing damage.

Objective To discuss high dose methylprednisolone therapy in infantile spasm.Methods Sixty-six children with infantile spasm of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Nov 2002 to Nov 2012,adopted intravenous methylprednisolone with 20 mg/(kg· d) for 3 to 5 days continuously,then changed to oral prednisone with 1 ～ 2 mg/(kg.d),4 ～ 8 weeks after drug withdrawal.The total course of 8 ～ 12 weeks of clinical curative effect was retrospectively studied.Results (1) Of 66 cases,51 cases were effective,total effective rate was 77.2％ ;28 cases achieved complete response,complete response rate was 42.4％.(2) The onset age had no influence on curative effect (P ＞ 0.05).(3) The beginning ages of the patients to use methylprednisolone therapy had no effect on curative effect (P ＞0.05).(4) Course of curative effect:23 cases within 2 months,the effective rate was 91.3％,43 cases more than 2 months,the effective rate was 69.7％.Difference of effective rate between the two groups had statistical significance (x2 =3.958,P ＜ 0.05).(5) Etiology of curative effect:50 cases of symptomatic,the effective rate was 78.0％,16 cases of cryptogenic,the effective rate was 75.0％ ;compared two groups,the effective rates had no statistical significance(x2 =0.008 7,P ＞ 0.05).(6) Long-term follow-up of 41 cases,14 cases had complete remission (34.2％),29 cases was effective(70.7％),3 cases had a recurrence (10.3％).Conclusion Application of methylprednisolone in the treatment for infantile spasm is simple,the recent control is effective,and it has a less adverse effect.The curative effect is related to the course,the shorter the duration,the better curative effect;and the long-term effect is good,the recurrence rate is low,the method can be recommended in clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the presence of SENV infection among patients in China,and analyze partial nucleotide sequence of SENV isolated from a patient with non A-G hepatitis.Methods:A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers from ORF1 of SENV genome was established to detect SENV DNA.The PCR product was cloned and sequenced.Results:SENV DNA was positive in 2 of 7 patients with non A-G hepatitis and TTV negative.Partial gene of a SENV isolate was compared with the corresponding region of SENV isolate(AX025730)from Italy and was found that the nucleotide homology was 90%.Conclusions:The results of this study confirmed the presence of SENV infection in China.The development of a PCR assay for SENV DNA detection and the cloning,sequencing of the SENV isolate have important implication for the diagnosis and epidemiological investigation on SENV infection.

Objective To evaluate the blood-saving effect of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods The study was a prospective,randomized and placebo-control trial.Two hundred ASA Ⅰ-Ⅳ patients,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 50-100 kg,were randomized to receive placebo (group C,n =100) or tranexamic acid (group T,n =100).Tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg was intravenously infused over 20 min before skin incision followed by continuous infusion at 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation in group T.While the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.The total volume of postoperative chest tube drainage,postoperative massive bleeding and a second thoracotomy for stopping the bleeding were reordered.The requirement for transfusion of allogeneic blood and complications during the perioperative period were also recorded.Results Compared with group C,the total volume of postoperative chest tube drainage and incidences of postoperative massive bleeding and a second thoracotomy for stopping the bleeding were significantly decreased,and the requirement for transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells,platelet and fresh frozen plasma was reduced in group D (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tranexamic acid exerts the blood-saving effect in patients undergoing CABG with CPB and can significantly reduce postoperative bleeding and transfusion of allogeneic blood.

Objective To investigate the roles of SENP1 in regulation of biological characteristics of NK cells.Methods Lentivirus-mediated-Senp1-small-hairpinRNA (shRNA) transduction was applied to NK92 cells.The expression of SENP1 in NK92 cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.The proliferation of NK92 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The apoptosis of NK92 cells was determined by Annexin Ⅴ and PI labeling.The cytotoxicity of NK92 cells against K562 cells was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay.Results Treatment of NK92 cells with IL-21 resulted in SENP1 upregulation.Lentivirus mediated SENP1 knockdown reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in NK-92 cells,but SENP1 inhibition had slight impact on the cytotoxic ability of NK92 cells to kill K562 cells.Conclusion SENP1 mediates the regulatory effect of IL-21 on the proliferation and survival of NK92 cells.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CDX2 and β-catenin in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their correlation. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the expressions of CDX2 and β-catenin mRNA in 43 de novo ALL and 30 non-malignant patients (used as control). Results The positivity rate of CDX2 mRNA expression in ALL group was 93%, but CDX2 mRNA expression couldn′t be detected in the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of β-catenin could be detected in patients in both two groups, butβ-catenin mRNA expression in the ALL group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.01). And mRNA expressions of CDX2 andβ-catenin were significantly correlated with WBC counts and LDH level (P<0.01). When the ALL patients acquired complete remission (CR), the mRNA expressions of CDX2 and β-catenin were significantly decreased compared with their newly diagnosed status , while disease-relapsed the mRNA expressions of CDX2 andβ-catenin were increased again. There was significantly positive correlation between CDX2 and β-catenin mRNA expressions (r = 0.835, P = 0.000). Conclusion Up-regulation of CDX2 and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway coexist in the ALL patients and the mRNA expressions of CDX2 and β-catenin are positively correlated.