Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of ulinastatin on platelet counts and function after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in rabbits. Methods Fifty lung-ear white rabbits aged 5-6 months weighing 2.3-3.0 kg were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups (n = 10 each) : control group (group C) and4 ulinastatin groups (group U~1, U_2,U_3,U_4). The rabbits received ulinastatin 1×10~4, 3×10~4, 5×10~4 and 10×10~4 U/kg before CPB in group U~1, U_2, U_3 and U_4 respectively while equal volume of normal saline was given instead of ulinastatin in group C. All rabbits underwent CPB for 30 min at perfusion flow of 72-120 ml·kg~(-1) ·min~(-1). The rectal temperature was maintained at 36.5-37.5℃. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and blood platelet count, platelet adhesion rate and platelet membrane glycopretein Gp Ⅰ b, Gp Ⅱ b, Gp Ⅲ a receptors were determined before CPB (baseline), at termination of CPB and at 1, 2 and 3 h after CPB. Results The platelet counts were significantly decreased after CPB in all 5 groups (P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference among the 5 groups. The platelet adhesion rates were significantly decreased after CPB as compared with the baseline value before CPB in all 5 groups but the platelet adhesion rates were significantly higher after CPB in group U_4 than in group C. The number of molecules of Gp Ⅰ b, Gp Ⅱ b and Gp Ⅲ a receptors was significantly decreased after CPB in all 5 groups. The number of molecules of Gp Ⅰ b, Gp Ⅱ b and Gp Ⅲ a receptors after CPB was significantly higher in group U_2, U_3 and U_4 than in group C, and there was no significant difference between group U_3 and U_4 . ConclusionUlinastatin 3×10~4-5×10~4 U/kg administered before CPB can inhibit breakdown of platelet membrane glycoprotein receptors. Ulinastatin 10×10~4 U/kg can preserve the platelet adhesion function.

Objective: To observe the effects of procyanidins on myocardial apoptosis and related protein expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in experimental rats with ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 40 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: Sham group, IR group, Low-dose procyanidin (50 mg?kg-1) group, and High-dose procyanidin (100 mg?kg-1) group. n=10 in each group and the rats were pre-treated by intra gastric drug administration once/day for 2 weeks, then left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion was conducted for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 120 minutes to establish IR model. Blood levels of CK-MB activity and myocardial infarction (MI) size were examined; protein expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot analysis; myocardial apoptotic index was measured by TUNEL method. Results: Compared with Sham group, IR group presented the higher CK-MB activity, enlarged MI size, increased index of apoptosis, elevated protein expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, while reduced protein expression of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, P<0.05. Compared with IR group, both Low-dose and High-dose procyanidin groups had the lower CK-MB activity, smaller MI size, decreased index of apoptosis, reduced protein expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, while elevated protein expression of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,P<0.05. Conclusion: Procyanidin could reduce myocardial apoptosis index in experimental IR rats, which might be related to decreased protein expressions of caspase-3 and Bax, increased protein expression of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Objective To investigate the characteristic imaging findings of metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone in children. Methods Imaging findings in 12 patients with metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 10 patients underwent plain CT scan, 6 underwent MRI and 7 underwent whole body single-photon emission computed tomography bone scanning.Results In the 10 patients with CT images, lytic bone destruction and soft tissue masses were found in 9 cases, in which periosteal reaction was observed in 8 patients with spiculated periosteal reaction in 3 patients.The remaining 1 patient didn't show any abnormalities on CT images but had abnormal findings in bone scanning.Six patients with MR images showed abnormal signal intensity in the bone marrow of the craniofacial bone and adjacent soft tissue masses. Postcontrast T1-weighted imaging in 5 patients demonstrated remarkable enhancement of the bone marrow and soft tissue masses. Bone scanning of 7 patients showed abnormal foci of increased radionuclide activity of the craniofacial bone in 7 patients and metastasis at other body parts in 6 patients.Conclusion The metastatic neuroblastoma in the craniofacial bone has its characteristic imaging findings which are helpful for correct diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the diseases responsible for ophthalmoplegia and determine the optimal technique identifying the lesions. Methods CT and MR imaging findings of 1376 patients with ophthalmoplegia were analyzed. The total positive rate and ratio of the diseases causing ophthalmoplegia were calculated. The efficiency of various methods and sequences was compared in the evaluation of cavernous sinus inflammation and other lesions. Multi-paired samples Friedman test was used to compare five kinds of images from different methods and sequences, and Wilcoxon test was used to compare between every two kinds of images. Results The total positive rate was 91.9% (1264/1376). In 50 patients who underwent both CT and MRI, the positive rate of MRI (92. 0% ,46/50) was higher than that of CT (48.0% ,24/50)(Z = -4. 8, P ＜ 0. 01). There were 552 cases (43.7%) of cavernous sinus lesions, 518 cases (41.0%)of extraocular muscle diseases, 108 cases (8. 5%) of cranio-orbital communicating lesions and 86 patients (6. 8%) of other lesions. The five kinds of images from various methods and sequences had significant difference in the detection of 283 cavernous sinus inflammation (χ2 = 1047. 1, P ＜ 0. 01) cases. Transverse T1WI with thin slice thickness[(2. 71 ± 0. 69)scores]was better than that with thick slice thickness [(1.67 ± 0. 64) scores], contrast transverse T1 WI with thin slice thickness[(3.92 ± 0. 27) scores]was better than transverse T2WI with thick slice thickness, transverse T1WI and coronal T1 WI with thin slice thickness[(3. 10 ± 0. 39) scores]. Coronal T1 WI with thin slice thickness was better than transverse T1 WI with thin slice thickness and transverse T2WI, and the contrast coronal T1WI with thin slice thickness [(3.95 ± 0. 22) scores]was better than transverse T, WI with thin slice thickness, transverse T2 WI and coronal T1WI (P ＜0. 01 separately). The positive rate of enhanced MRI (100% ,39/39) was higher than that of nonenhanced MRI (82. 1% ,32/39) (Z = - 2. 1, P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion CT and MRI can show the lesions responsible for ophthalmoplegia. MRI is the best examination method in displaying these lesions.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a newly discovered rare endocrinological syndrome characterized by structrual defect of pituitary and multiple deficiencies of a series of hypothalamic hormones, and thus leading to a cluster of clinical symptoms. This review will illustrate the genetic pathogenic factors influence on embryonic development, and briefly introduce the current studies of Whole-Exome Sequencing on PSIS.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute renal infarction.Methods Two cases (3 sides) of acute renal infarction were reported.The patients were 1 male and 1 female,with the age of 62 and 54 years.Case 1 presented acute left flank pain,and enhanced CT showed a non-enhanced area in the upper and mid pole of the left kidney.The diagnosis of focal renal infarction was made and treated with low-molecular heparin (6000 U ).Case 2 presented acute both right abdominal and flank pain,and enhanced CT showed right renal artery embolism and right renal complete infarction.Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and catheter thrombolytic therapy was applied.4 months later,the patient presented acute left flank pain,and enhanced CT showed a low density area in left kidney without enhanced by contrast,and DSA and catheter thrombolytic therapy was applied again.Results In case 1,contrastenhanced MRI showed a still low signal area like enhanced CT after 2 days of treatment.The renal function remained normal in the follow-up of 36 months.In case 2,the right kidney resorted to moderate blood flow but became atrophy later.In the follow-up of 4 months,a recurrent focal infarction was confirmed in left kidney by enhanced CT.The left kidney also resorted to moderate bloodflow after DSA and catheter thrombolytic therapy.The renal function became normal after follow-up of 10 months and no new infarction was observed.Conclusions The diagnosis of acute renal infraction could be made by enhanced CT or MRI.Early diagnosis and location of the infraction renal artery is critical for recovery of the impaired renal function.Acute renal infraction should be suspected in patients with unexplained persistent and steady flank or abdominal pain in emergence department.

Objective To investigate the present situation of facial melanin of construction workers in Beijing area,to discuss the relative affecting factors,and to provide theoretical basis for theoretical research on photoaging and occupational protection for construction workers.Methods A total of 157 healthy male construction workers and 61 non-construction workers in Beijing were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on their exposure to dust,sunlight,noise and high temperature in their working environment.The occurrence of melanin in their face skin was measured by melanin index (melanin index,MI) probe.T test,Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis on two independent samples.Results The exposure of construction workers to dust,sunlight,noise and high temperature was significantly higher than that of non-construction workers (P ＜0.05);the melanin score of construction workers over 40 years old was significantly higher than that of non-construction workers (P ＜0.05) and positively correlated with age (P＜0.05);the melanin of construction workers was affected by age,sunlight and noise (P＜0.05).Conclusions The melanin level of the construction workers aged over 40 is significantly higher than that of the non-construction workers in Beijing.Age,sunlight and noise are the main factors affecting the melanin level.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of psychological resilience in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy.Methods:From January 2019 to June 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 210 patients with breast cancer undergoing postoperative chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University as the research object. The patients were investigated with the General Information Questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) . Taking 70 scores as the critical value of CD-RISC, patients were divided into the good psychological resilience group (CD-RISC score≥70) and the poor psychological resilience group (CD-RISC score<70) according to their scores. Binomial Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:There were 112 patients in the good psychological resilience group and 98 patients in the poor psychological resilience group. The univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the psychological resilience of breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy with different marital status, per capita monthly income of family, course of chemotherapy, postoperative complications, and family residence ( P<0.05) . The binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, per capita monthly income of family, course of chemotherapy, postoperative complications, and family residence were the influencing factors of psychological resilience in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:There are many influencing factors of psychological resilience in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy. Targeted psychological intervention should be carried out according to the influencing factors to improve the psychological resilience of patients.

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the emm genotypes and virulence genes with the isolation sites of Group A Streptococcus (GAS). Methods:It was a retrospective study.The specimens were collected from children with impetigo in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2006 to 2008 for GAS isolation and identification.A total of 24 GAS strains were isolated from 16 children with impetigo, among which 7 pairs of strains were isolated from the throat and skin of 7 children, and 1 pair of strains was isolated from the vulva and skin of one child, and the remaining 8 GAS strains were isolated from the skin pus samples of 8 children.Polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect the emm genotypes and 13 virulence genes ( speA, speB, speC, speF, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL, speM, smeZ and ssa). The correlation of the emm genotypes and virulence genes with the isolation sites of GAS strains was analyzed. Results:In this study, four emm genotypes were detected, including emm1.0 (15/24), emm12.0 (4/24), emm22.0 (2/24) and emm160.0 (1/24), and one subtype emm12.19 (2/24) was detected as well.The carrying rates of 13 virulence genes speA, speB, speC, speF, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL, speM, smeZ and ssa were 58.3%, 100%, 91.7%, 100%, 50.0%, 12.5%, 54.2%, 66.7%, 16.7%, 25.0%, 12.5%, 100% and 91.7%, respectively.All strains carried 5 to 11 virulence genes and they all carried speB, speF and smeZ.There were significant differences in the carrying rate of speA and speJ among the strains with different emm genotypes (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of virulence genes between skin isolates and pharyngeal isolates, including the 5 pairs of strains carrying the emm1.0 genotype (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The distribution of virulence gene of GAS in children with impetigo is significantly correlated with the emm genotype, rather than the isolation site.

Objective To understand how social and cultural factors influence sexual perceptions, sexual practices, and HIV transmission among men who have sex with men at selected sites in China. Methods Qualitative methodology was used and face to face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted from April 2013 to October 2015 in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Henan, Heilongjiang provinces and Chongqing municipality of China. Results A total of 184 men who have sex with men participated in the interviews. Forty-eight originated from Henan Province, and 12, 50, 47, and 27 from Jiangxi, Heilongjiang, Sichuan provinces and Chongqing municipality, respectively. A total of 122 participants (66.3%) were under 30 years of age, 111 were college graduates (61.3%), 140 were unmarried (76.5%), and 74 were HIV positive (40.2%). Among interviewees, 6% (11 MSM) were employed at nongovernmental organizations. The main findings revealed that:Owing to sociocultural influences and social norms, most homosexual men concealed their sexual orientation and married females so as to fulfill their family obligation;this may encourage HIV transmission from a high-risk population to the general population; the main features of male homosexual behaviors, as well as those of the associated community and subculture, included hedonism, less concern about health, drug abuse, encouraging of high risk behaviors among men who have sex with men, and negative attitudes regarding HIV prevention; subgroups among MSM were found to have differential HIV transmission risk behaviors, with young men more vulnerable to infection with HIV. Conclusion Sociocultural factors, including external socioenvironmental circumstances and internal MSM community subcultures, have adverse impacts on HIV transmission among men who have sex with men. Because there were varied behavior modes and HIV transmission risks among MSM subgroups, further study focusing on MSM subgroups is imperative, to provide a basis for more targeted and effective prevention strategies.