For the patients with chronic type-B hepatitis,interferon-? is still the main anti-viral medicine,but it cannot be used in hepatic cirrhosis patients during decompensative period.All commercially available ribonucleoside analogs or trialdrugs can only persistently inhibit virus replication,but not thoroughly clear virus,and have to be used for long-time.The combined therapy is still on study.The physicians should make scientific and individualized antiviral therapeutic regimen according to virus characteristics,the patient's response to anti-HBV therapy,tolerance and psychological health.

Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)is formed in response to hepatitic B virus (HBV)infection,which is a typical character-istic of virus clearance.It is theoretically impossible to detect sequential expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)and HBsAb in the same patient.In recent years,however,cases of coexistence of HBsAg and HBsAb have been frequently reported.Clinically,coexis-tence of HBsAg and HBsAb is commonly seen in patients with chronic hepatitis B and those injected with hepatitis B vaccine or given high-dose monoclonal anti-HBs.The mechanism of this special phenomenon remains unclear.The relevant research findings in China and the rest of the world are summarized.Analysis shows that coexistence of HBsAg and HBsAb may be related to HBV S gene mutation,decreased binding force of HBsAb,etc.

Liver plays a central role in regulation of nutrition.Due to metabolic abnormalities,patients with end-stage liver disease often demonstrate undernutrition,which has a close relationship with the prognosis of the patients.Correct nutritional assessment and nutrition support is therefore very important.Dietary intake alone could not meet the nutritional needs of patients with end-stage liver disease.In recent years,the use of enteral and parenteral nutrition formulation has significantly improved the nutritional status of such patients,but there still lacks a gold standard. How to develop appropriate nutrition support regimens is a challenge for clinicians.This paper summarizes nutrition-related issues in patients with end-stage liver disease,aiming to provide a reference for individualized nutritional intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related thyroid dysfunction is a common complication in patients with chronic hepatitis C,including Graves' disease,Hashimoto thyroiditis,destructive subacute thyroiditis,hyperparathyroidism or hypothyroidism,with or without abnormal autoantibodies or thyroidrelated antibodies.The possible pathogenesis of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction includes bystander activation,molecular mimicry,effects of interferon and susceptibility associated with genetic polymorphism on particular locus.By now,there is still no criteria for diagnosis and treatment of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction.For patients with mild HCV-related thyroid dysfunction,observation may be appropriate; and for those with serious symptoms,anti-thyroid drug,levothyrocine,surgery or symptomatic treatment may be applied according to clinical symptoms.This paper gives an overview of the prevalence,clinical characteristics and possible pathogenesis of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction.

The status of bioelectrical impedance measurement especially the multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance measurement of liver diseases is introduced.The multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance can well rule out the impact from the change of body weight caused by edema and ascites,and can evaluate the volume of ascites.Compared with single frequency bioelectrical impedance,the multi frequency bioelectrical impedance measurements probably display good prospect.It helps to produce objective judgement on nutrition status and energy metabolism for patients with liver diseases.The effect,however,needs further clinical research.

The rate of malnutrition occurrence in patients of hepatocirrhosis is high,and the most of them is the protein-energy malnutrition.Nutrition support is important in the therapy.The following aspects are introduced in the article,including the causation of malnutrition of hepatocirrhosis,appropriate rate of nitrogen and energy,nutritional route and the doctor′s recognition of malnutrition in patients of cirrhosis.

AIM: To study fingerprint and characteristic components of the essential oil of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae in order to control quality. METHODS: The fingerprint and characteristic components of the essential oil of 10 samples were determined by GC-MS. RESULTS: trans-Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate,cis-Ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate,trans-Ethylcinnamate,n-Pentadecane,3-Carene,Borneol, 8-Heptadecene,Cyperene,Heptadecane,Globulol,Eucalyptol,cis-Methyl-p-methoxycinnamate and Eucarvone were gained in 10 samples,and relative contents of 13 components added up to 94.5%-98.2% of the total essential oil.The retention time and peak area of 13 components had built the characteristic fingerprint of essential oil of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae. CONCLUSION: The commercial samples collected from various sources shows a strong similarity.The method has a good repeatability and can be used to control quality of processed Rhizoma Kaempferiae.

AIM:To study characteristic components and fingerprint of the essential oils of processed Rhizoma curcumae longae,and further use as one of evaluation of quality control. METHODS:The essential oils were ex-tracted by steam distillation from ten batches of samples,and the characteristic components of the essential oils were analysed by GC-MS. And then mutual fingerprint of the characteristic components was established by Microsoft Office Excel 2003. RESULTS:Twenty-seven characteristic components of essential oil consisted of Ar-turmerone,Tumerone,Curlone,?-Curcumene,?-Zingiberene,?-Sesquiphellandrene and their derivatives,which were compose of about 88. 8% ～94. 9% of the total essential oil. The retention time and peak area of the components appeared the characteristic fingerprint. CONCLUSION:The method and the fingerprint have a good reproducibility,and can be used to identify and evaluate the quality of processed Rhizome curcumae longae.

Objective:To develop the adolescent's family Satisfaction scale(AFSS)and test the reliability and validity of it. Methods:Obtain the structure and items on the basis of an open structure questionnaire survey and literature review,and then 1253 middle school students were tested with AFSS to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results:The AFSS consists of 42 items and reflects three factors including family circumstance, the way of families fostering the child, communication and understanding of family. The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.882 to 0.972,and the correlations between factors and the whole questionnaire ranged from 0.899 to 0.906,which all met the criteria for adequacy of fit.Loading of the items were from 0.458 to 0.753, which explain 51.532%of the total variance.Conclusion:The AFSS is a reliable and valid scale for assessing the family satisfaction of adolescents.

Objective To assess the application of spiral CT angiography in the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis.Methods Vascular imaging features of three-dimensional CT angiography of 56 patients with Takayasu arteritis were analyzed retrospectively.Results The vascular imaging of all the patients were qualified for diagnosis.A total of 175 arteries were involved,including subclavian arteries (36.00%,63/175) with a high percentage of the left subclavian arteries (24.00%,42/175) ,common carotid arteries (29.71%,52/175) and renal arteries (10.86%,19/175) .The affected artery wall had varying degrees of concentric or eccentric thickening,and stenosis or occlusion of lumen was observed.Conclusion Threedimensional spiral CT angiography can make clear diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis,including the scope,extent and nature,and thus is worthy of clinical application.