Objective Hyperglycemic clamp technique (HGCT) was performed to evaluate the effect of short-term intensive insulin therapy on the first and second-phase (1PH and 2PH) insulin secretion and maximum insulin secretion (MIS) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics. Methods Twelve volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (NC group) and six newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics (DM group) were included and HGCT was performed to assess the function of pancreatic islet beta cell. Then HGCT was repeated in the 6 patients following two week intensive insulin therapy. Results The levels of secreted insulin in 1PH, 2PH and MIS were 257?36 mU/L, 63?5 mU/L and 80?5 mU/L in NC group respectively, and 95?19 mU/L, 34?9 mU/L and 39?12 mU/L in DM group respectively. 1PH insulin secretion was significantly improved in the diabetics following 2 week treatment compared with that before the treatment (135?27 mU/L vs 95?19 mU/L, P=0.01). The insulin secretions in 2PH and MIS were slightly increased (40?9 mU/L vs 34?9 mU/L, P=0.09, 46?11 mU/L vs 39?12 mU/L,P=0.08, respectively). Conclusions Short-term intensive insulin therapy can improve the insulin secretions significantly in 1PH and slightly in 2PH and MIS in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics.

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) had a low incidence, and mainly in neonates or infants. It is caused by mutations of the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene (PKHD1). The pathogenesis of ARPKD is still not clear. The principal of treatment is focused on the control of complications and slow down the progression. In this article, the research advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of ARPKD was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the relation between polymorphism of NOS3 G894T and susceptibility of cancer .Methods Literatures under the inclusion and exclusion criteria about relation between polymorphism of NOS 3 G894T and susceptibility of cancer were collected by computer -based retrieval and manual retrieval .The pools ORs with 95% CI were calculated to assess the association strength between polymorphism of NOS 3 G894T and cancer risk by Meta methods .Sensitivity and publication bias were evaluated .Results 19 literatures with 7679 cases of cancer and 8180 cases as control group were included .The pooled result indica-ted that no significant association between its polymorphism and cancer (ORT versus G=1 .030 ,95% CI=0 .964 -1 .101 ;ORTT versus GG=1 .056 ,95% CI=0 .895-1 .245 ;ORTG versus GG=1 .045 ,95% CI=0 .977-1 .119 ;ORTT/TG versus GG=1 .047 , 95% CI=0 .981-1 .117 ;ORTT versus TG/GG=1 .005 ,95% CI=0 .900-1 .123) .No significant association was observed in sub-group analysis based on ethnicity ,cancer type ,and source of control group .Conclusion There was no relationship between NOS3 G894T polymorphism and cancer susceptibility .

The microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract inhabits a complex ecosystem.Intestinal normal flora is obtained by newborn after birth,and suffers influences on the type of delivery,the type of feeding and contamination from the environment.There is emerging evidence indicating that quantitative and qualitative changes on gut microbiota contribute to alterations in the mucosal activation of immune system leading to intra-or extra-intestinal diseases.A balance between pathogenic and beneficial microbiota throughout childhood is important to gastrointestinal health,including protection against pathogens,inhibition of pathogens,nutrient processing,and regulation of host fat storage.Probiotics can promote an intentional modulation of intestinal microbiota favoring the health of the host.This paper is a review about modulation of intestinal microbiota on prevention and adjuvant treatment of intra-and extra intestinal pediatric diseases.

AIM:To explore the effect of the pretreatment of hypertonic saline(HTS) in hepatic ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury.METHODS:The rats were divided into sham group(sham group),ischemia reperfusion group(IR group) and pretreatment of hypertonic saline group(HTS group).Partial hepatic ischemia reperfusion model was used.The rats were sacrificed at the time of 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after reperfusion in each group,respectively.Blood samples were obtained to examine ALT.The expression of the CD11b/CD18(Mac-1) on the neutrophils was analyzed by flow cytometry.RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in livers and chromatometry was performed to detect the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) in livers.The morphology of hepatocytes and the structure of sinusoid were observed by histological examinations.RESULTS:① HTS pretreatment decreased the level of ALT at the time points of 3 h,6 h and 12 h after reperfusion(P

Objective To explore the alternations of CD4 + T cell subsets and their cytokines and transcription factors in children with Henoch - Schonlein purpura(HSP). Methods Forty - one children were enrolled in this stud-y,including 41 in acute stage of HSP,35 cases of HSP in clinical remission stage and 30 healthy children as healthy control group. The percentages of helper T lymphocytes(Th)1,Th2,regulatory T cells(Treg)and Th17 subsets were determined by flow cytometry(FCM). The concentrations of plasma interferon - γ( INF - γ),interleukin( IL) - 4, transforming growth factor - β1(TGF - β1 )and IL - 17 were examined by ways of enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expressions of T - bet,GATA3,Foxp3 and ROR - γt mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined by means of reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR). Results (1)During the a-cute and recovery stage of HSP,compared with the control group,the percentages of Th2 and Th17 cell subsets,the le-vels of plasma IL - 4 and IL - 17,and the expressions of GATA3 and ROR - γt mRNA were significantly higher(all P ﹤ 0. 05). The percentages of Th1 and Treg cell subsets,the levels of plasma INF - γ and TGF - β1 and the expres-sions of T - bet and Foxp3 mRNA were lower(all P ﹤ 0. 05). The imbalances of Th1 / Th2 and Treg/ Th17 appeared during the acute stage of HSP.(2)During the recovery stage of HSP,the percentages of Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg,and the ratio of Treg / Th17 were of no difference compared with those in acute stage( all P ﹥ 0. 05). The ratio of Th1 / Th2,and the expressions of T - bet and Foxp3 mRNA were increased(all P ﹤ 0. 05),while the levels of plasma IL - 4 and IL - 17,the expressions of GATA3 and ROR - γt mRNA were decreased(all P ﹤ 0. 05)compared with those in acute stage. In the recovery stage of HSP,the imbalances of Th1 / Th2 and Treg/ Th17 were still obvious .(3)There was a positive correlation in every 2 cytokines of Th1,INF - γ and T - bet. And the same correlation existed in Th2, IL - 4 and GATA3,in Treg,TGF - β1 and Foxp3,and in Th17,IL - 17 and ROR - γt(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions The imbalance of Th1 / Th2 and Treg/ Th17 is critical in pathological mechanism of HSP. The disturbance of immune tole-rance induced by Treg cells is important in HSP.

Objective To explore the cause of and treatment for psychiatric complications developed in the early stage after liver transplantation. Method The clinical data of 125 patients who underwent liver transplantation in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results There was no significant difference in gender,age,liver function and the blood cyclosporine A level between psychiatric complication (PC) patients and those without PC. The anhepatic time and the total operation time of the PC group were longer than that of the non-PC group ( P

Objective To investigate insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes(T1DM)with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.Methods Eight cases of newly diagnosed T1DM and 8 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes(T2DM)were selected.Their insulin sensitivity index(ISI)was evaluated with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp after 2 week insulin intensive treatment and compared with that of 10 heMthy volunteers(normal control group,NC group).Results Age,BMI,fasting insulin(Fins),fasting C-peptide in the TI DM group were significantly lower than those in the NC group.while waist-to-hip ratio (WHR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C were not significantly different between the T1DM and NC groups.Age,BMI,WHR,Fins,fasting C-peptide,SBP,TC,TG in the T1DM group were significantly lower than those in the T2DM group.The ISI of the NC,TlDM and T2DM groups were 12.83±1.09,9.95±0.50,3.80±0.20,respectively.There was significant difference among the three groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The ISI in T1DM Was significantly lower than that in NC group,but higher than that in T2DM.

Objective To evaluate the effects of day surgery on average days of stay, and to provide scientific basis for shorter average days of stay. Methods Data of average days of stay from November 2011 to December 2016 were extracted from 6 departments, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series was used to analyze the trend of average days of stay of pre-and post-day surgery. Results Thanks to the application of day surgery, average days of stay decreased by 0. 071 days per month, and the monthly decline increased by 0. 049 days (P<0. 001) than before. Average days of stay in the department of stomatology, ear-nose-throat, general surgery and hepatobiliary & enteric surgery research center were the most obvious, and the monthly decline increased by 0. 110 days (P<0. 001), 0. 049 days (P=0. 008) , 0. 075 days (P<0. 001), and 0. 057 days (P=0. 003), respectively than before. Conclusions Day surgery could decrease average days of stay, enhancing the utilization of hospital resources.

Objective To investigate whether Andrographolide(AG)can alleviate intestinal injury in sepsis by ac-tivating the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis in ferroptosis.Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into sham group(sham group),sepsis group(CLP group),AG low,medium and high dose groups(5,10 and 20 mg/kg).HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of Intestinal tract.ELISA method was used to determine Inter-leukin 6(IL-6),tumour necrosis factor α(TNF-α),intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP),D-lactate content.The mechanism of ferroptosis was explored with AG high dose group(AG20 group),forty rats were ran-domly divided into sham group,CLP group,ferroptosis inhibitor(Fer-1)group,AG20+Fer-1 group.HE staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological changes of Intestinal tract.The kits were used to determine oxidative stress MDA,GSH levels and Fe3+content.Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),and ferritin heavy poly-peptide 1(FTH-1).Results Compared with the sham group,the CLP group showed severe morphological damage to the small intestine,with significantly higher levels of inflammation,I-FABP and D-lactate(all P＜0.05),the AG group reversed these changes in a concentration-dependent manner(all P＜0.05).Compared with the CLP group,the AG20 and Fer-1 groups showed improved pathological damage to the small intestine,with lower levels of MDA and Fe3+and higher levels of GSH,SLC7A11,GPX4 and FTH-1 protein expression increased(all P＜0.05),and pathological injury and oxidative stress were reduced in the AG20+Fer-1 group,and SLC7A11,GPX4 and FTH-1 protein expression increased more significantly(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which AG attenuates intestinal injury in sepsis may be related to SLC7A11/GPX4 axis activation in ferroptosis.