Abnormal contract and relaxation of the bladder is closely correlated with detrusor instability.In the recent years,with advanced studies of its related nervous system,deeper insights have been gained into the mechanism underlying the influence of nerve receptors on bladder contraction and relaxation in the pathological state,which involves the changes of M-AR,?-AR and P-AR.The receptors that regulate the contraction of the bladder mainly include M-AR and P-AR,and ?-AR is chiefly responsible for adjusting its relaxation.An understanding of these mechanisms may provide a direction and a foundation for the studies of clinical therapies and development of new drugs for this disease.

BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetic patients suffered from different levels of insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. Retinol binding protein 4 is a fat derived factor found in the blood and is considered tobe an important target for the treatment of visceral obesity and insulin resistance.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the level of serum inflammatory cytokines and the changes of immune function in insulin resistance model rats after swimming.
METHODS:A total of28 8-week-old Sprague-Dawleymale ratmodels were randomly divided into swimming group and rest group. Rat received intraperitoneal injection with 3 μg/g recombinant serum retinol binding protein 4, twice a day, with an interval of 12 hours, for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks after administration, rats in the swimming group were subjected to swimming without loading for 6 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance index) was assessed with homeostasis model assessment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method was used to mark the apoptotic cels in rat thymus. ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin-6 expression. ABC-ELISA was used to test Level of serum granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. S-P One Step Method was used to test CD4 and CD8 activities in blood.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly positively associated with insulin resistance index. The increase in insulin resistance index would induce the increase in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, but exercises could decrease above levels. Thymus index, CD4, and CD4/CD8 were negatively associated with insulin resistance index. These results indicate that exercise intervention effectively improved immunity function of rats with insulin resistance and reduced insulin resistance index.

Objective To investigate the effect of abdominal vibration therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with constipation. Methods In the respiratory department from August 2013 to July 2014, eighty-three COPD patients with constipation were divided into the experiment group (n=35) and the control group (n=48) using random digit table. The control group were treated with conventional western medicine and the experiment group received impingement abdomen vibration therapy on the basis of western medicine treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of symptoms of constipation and curative effect. Results The curative effect of the experiment groups was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The score on constipation in the experiment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The abdominal vibration therapy is effective in the treatment of COPD patients with constipation. It can improve their quality of life and be worthy of clinical application.

【Objective】To observe the effect of fucoidan on lipid metabolism enzyme in hyperlipidemia mice.【Methods】Sixty healthy male SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: normal group,model group,gynostemma pentaphyllum(GP,30 mg/kg) group and low-,moderate-and high-dose fucoidan groups(0.1,0.2 and 0.4 g?kg-1 respectively).Except the normal group,the rats in other groups received high fat emulsion(10 mL?kg-1) by gavage to establish hyperlipidemia models.The activities of lipoprotein lipase(LPL),hepatic lipase(HL) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) in different groups were compared.【Results】Serum activities of LPL,HL and LCAT as well as hepatic activities of LPL and HL were increased in low-and moderate-dose fucoidan groups.【Conclusion】Fucoidan decreases the serum triglyceride levels by activating the serum and hepatic LPL and HL activities,and decreases serum cholesterol level by activating hepatic LCAT activity.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features of central nervous system involvement in brucellosis,and to provide references for clinical treatment and diagnosis.Methods A retrospective review was carried out in 14 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed as neurobrucellosis from October 2008 to September 2011 at the First Hospital of Jilin University.Patients' clinical manifestation,pathogen characteristics,cerebrospinal fluid analysis and imaging data were recorded.Results Among the 14 cases of patients with neurobrucellosis,10 cases had the clinical manifestations of headache and vomiting,11 cases meningeal irritation,2 cases dysphoria and seizures,3 cases apathia,3 cases coma,3 cases positive pathological sign,and 2 cases lower extremities weakness.From the perspective of clinical diagnosis of 14 patients with neurobrucellosis,4 cases were meningitis,of which,meningitis with both lower extremities paralysis were 2 cases; encephalitis in 2 cases; meningoencephalitis in 6 cases; abducent paralysis,decreased vision,myelitis and ataxic gait in 1 case,respectively.All patients were in acute phase and had irregular fever.After combination therapy with antibiotics for 2 to 9 days,body temperature of all patients returned to normal,and they were discharged from the hospital after 1 to 2 weeks.All cases were followed up for 12 months,finding no sequelae.Conclusions Due to the diversity of central nervous system involvement in brucellosis,in case of a patient with long-term fever and neurological symptoms,medical and epidemiological history should be inquired and diagnosis would be made easy based on combination of cerebrospinal fluid with laboratory tests.Early treatment of acute neurological brucellosis has showed a good prognosis.

Background and purpose:New treatment strategies should be explored for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after the failure of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). To compare the efficacy and toxicities of chemotherapy in combination with EGFR-TKI or single chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR-TKI resistence. Methods:In this study, 18 patients were enrolled. Eight patients were treated by chemotherapy combined with EGFR-TKI (CE group);10 patients were treated by single chemotherapy (E group), 21 days for one cycle. All patients received at least 2 cycles of treatment. Results:All 18 patients had been evaluated. The CE group was similar to the E group in objective response rate (ORR:25%vs 10%, P=0.832). The CE group was higher than the E group in disease control rate (DCR:87.5%vs 30%, P=0.046). The median PFS was longer in CE group (3.5 months vs 2.4 months, P=0.05). The CE group was higher than the E group in rash (75%vs 10%, P<0.05). The grade 3-4 toxicities did not have significantly differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Though there was no significant difference in ORR between the 2 groups (P>0.05), the CE group was superior to the E group in DCR and PFS. Patients with retreatment of advanced NSCLC after the failure of EGFR-TKI can be controlled by continued EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy.

A RP-HPLC method for the quantification of the six major bovine milk proteins (κ-casein (CN),α_(s2)-CN,α_(s1)-CN,β-CN,Whey,immunoglobulins (Igg) ) is described. Separation and quantification were achieved by a reversed phase analytical column (Agilent Zorbax 300SB-C_8,250 mm×4.6 mm ,5μm) and the gradient elution solvents of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0. 8 mL/min. Column temperature was set at 45℃ and the sample was monitored with photodiode array detector at 214 nm. A linear relationship( r >0. 999) between the concentrations of proteins and peak areas was observed over the concentration range. Recoveries of six target proteins spiked in milk were form 74. 8% to 132.5%. Nine kinds of milks of different brands were analyzed,and the difference of the concentration and relative ration of κ-CN,α_(s2)-CN,α_(s1)-CN,β-CN and Whey were found.

Background and purpose: Capecitabine, which is widely used in the first-line treatment of advanced breast cancer, was known little in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer. The present study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer. Methods: A total of 62 advanced breast cancer patients confirmed by histopathology and/or cytology, who had been evaluated as CR/PR/SD after first-line treatment, were divided into two groups. Thirty-one of them received capecitabine orally as maintenance treatment, while the others were followed up without any treatment. The clinical response was evaluated every two cycles. Results:The median time to progression (TTP) of the capecitabine group was 12 (2-24) months, which was signiifcantly higher than the control group. In the subgroup analysis, similar results were detected in the premenopausal group, hormone receptor positive group, HER-2 positive group, metastasis group, no capecitabine used history group. Among the capecitabine group,the overall response rate (CR+PR) was 19.4%, and the disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 74.2%. The most common adverse effects were hand-foot syndrome, hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal reaction, all of which could be tolerated. The overall score of the capecitabine group evaluated by the Chinese vesion of the FACT-B was signiifcantly higher than the control group. Conclusion:Capecitabine can effectively and tolerably prolong survival time and improve the quality of life of patients in the maintenance treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Objective To valuate different effects in hepatectomy of three inflow occlusion methods including pringle maneuver, hemihepatic occlusion and portal venous occlusion. Methods 180 patients undergoing hepatectomy were randomly assigned to pringle group (group A), hemehepatic occlusion group (group B)or PV occlusion group (group C). The amount of blood lost, measurements of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspirate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), Serum albumin (ALB) and postoperative complication were also recorded. Results There was no operative mortality. One patient in group B changed into pringle maneuver due to the difficulties in dissecting the hemi-hepatic portal and was excluded. The amount of hemorrhage of three groups had no statistical difference. The ALT, AST, ALB and TB level of 1,3,7 days after operation had significant differences in three groups. The pringle group had a higher level ALT,AST,TB and lower ALB level than the other two groups. Conclusions All techniques of occlusion are effective and feasible for patients undergoing hepatectomies. However, compared with pringle maneuver, PV clamping and hemihepatic occlusion can relieve the liver function damage after hepatectomy.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Fudoidan for regulating the disorder of lipid metabolism in rats. Methods Rat hyperlipidemic model was established. The effect of Fudoidan on rats levels of blood lipids, lipid metabolic enzyme, and the lipid contents in the stool, as well as bile metabolismand LDL-R mRNA expression in the liver were observed. Results Fudoidan can notably restrain the concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of hyperlipidemic rats and increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and activities of 1ipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipoprotein (HL) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).Fucoidan can remarkably increase the contents of cholesterol, TG, bile acid , but has no effect on the secretion of bile, the concentration of cholesterol and bile acid in bile. The results of RT-PCR experiment showed that Fudoidan can notably improve the expression level of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA in the liver of hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion Fucoidan can regulate the disorder of lipid metabolism probably by restraining the absorption of lipids (TC, cholesterol, bile acid) , activating the activities of lipid metabolic enzyme (LPL, HL and LCAT), and promoting the expression of LDL-R mRNA in the liver.