Objective To explore clinical effect of ureteroscope atmospheric pressure trajectory lithotriptor in treatment of the ureterolithiasis.Methods Application of atmospheric pressure trajectory lithotriptor to treat the 108 cases of ureterolithiasis through ureteroscope peeper.Results 103 cases(95.3%) got success in orthotopic lithotriptics,success rate of upper segment calculi in ureter was 83.3%,middle segment was 96.3%,lower segment was 98.4%,mean lithotriptic time was (45?2.5)min,100% stone was excreted 1～3 months after operation.Conclusion Ureteroscope at mospheric pressure trajectory lithotriptor in treatment of ureterolithiasis has merits of safe,effective,manipulation easiness,so it is perfect method for therapy of ureterolithiasis.

Objective To evaluate the pathological,histochemical and clinical features of primary clear cell carcinoma of the epididymis,and to investigate its diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Methods The clinical data of one case of primary clear cell carcinoma of the epididymis were reported and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results The patient was a 43-year-old man presenting with a painless mass in the left epididymis.On physical examination,a 1.0 cm-sized smooth solid nodule on the head of left epididymis could be palpated without tenderness.Then the patient underwent left epididymectomy.On postoperative histopathological study,the tumor was characterized by diffuse sheets of clear cells and adenoid structures.Immunohistochemical assay showed AE(++),AE3(+/-),NSE(-) and interstitialoma(-) in the tumor tissues.Postoperatively,MRI showed no space-occupying lesion in both kidneys,and B-ultrasound indicated no abnormality of the bladder.Fifteen days after operation,left orchiectomy was performed on the patient.Pathology showed no clear cell carcinoma tissue of the testis.Follow-up was 15 months.The patient was reported to be alive and tumor-free.Conclusions The histogenesis of primary clear cell carcinoma of epididymis is unclear yet.The diagnosis depends on pathologic studies,and should be differentiated from nephrogenic adenoma and metastatic carcinoma.Radical surgery is the main treatment choice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) combined with aerobic exercise (AE) on the liver of rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat diet based on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. MethodsAfter 1 week of adaptive feeding, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into control group (10 rats fed with normal diet) and high-fat group (35 rats fed with high-fat diet). At the end of week 28, the high-fat group was randomly divided into model group, LBP group, AE group, and LBP+AE group, with 8 rats in each group, and intervention was performed for 10 weeks. At the end of the experiment, fasting blood glucose was measure for all rats, and serum samples, liver tissue, and visceral fat were collected. Biochemical kits were used to measure the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); ELISA kits were used to measure the serum levels of fasting insulin (FINS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1); quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in TG, TC, AST, ALT, FINS, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all P ＜0.05), a tendency of increases in the serum levels of the inflammatory factors MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 (all P ＜0.05), and significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in liver tissue (all P ＜0.05). Compared with the model group, each intervention group had significant reductions in TG, TC, AST, ALT, FINS, and HOMA-IR (all P ＜0.05), a tendency of reductions in the serum levels of the inflammatory factors MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 (all P ＜0.05), and significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB (all P ＜0.05). Compared with LBP group, the LBP+AE group had significant reductions in TG, ALT, FINS, HOMA-IR, MCP-1, the mRNA expression level of TLR4, protein expression levels of p38 MAPK and NF-κB(all P＜0.05). Compared with Ae group, the LBP+AE group had significant reductions in FINS, HOMA-IR, IL-6, MCP-1, the mRNA expression level of TLR4 (all P＜0.05). ConclusionLBP combined with AE may improve inflammation in NASH rats by regulating the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.