Objective To explore the effect of citalopram on tau phosphorylation and memory defi-cits induced by social isolation (SI) in adult rats.Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley adult rats (8 months) were grouped or isolation reared for six-weeks.Following the initial two-week period of rearing, citalopram ( 10 mg/kg,i.p.) was administered for 4 weeks.Novel object recognition test,Western blot and ELISA were used to detect recognitive function,the levels of tau and GSK-3βprotein,and melatonin level respectively. Results In the novel object recognition test,compared with the citalopram group(0.71±0.05) and housed group(0.73±0.13),discrimination ratio(0.48±0.15) in SI group was significant decreased (P<0.05).Tau hyperphosphorylation at Tau-1 ((0.88±0.11)),Ser396 (3.94±0.74) episodes were found and almost re-versed by citalopram at Tau-1 (1.56±0.17),Ser396 (2.31±0.24) episodes in SI group.Compared with GH group,the total level of GSK-3β(1.12±0.09) was significantly increased,while the level of Ser9-phosphoryl-ated GSK-3β(inactive form) (0.47±0.11) was significantly decreased in the SI group,both of which were reversed by citalopram (GSK-3β(0.87±0.08) and Ser9-phosphorylated GSK-3β(0.80±0.07)).The me-latonin level was decreased in SI group ((359.54±18.80)pg/ml),and citalopram could partly restore the level of melatonin (418.15±18.72)pg/ml, P<0.05).Conclusion The results demonstrate that citalopram increases the level of melatonin which negatively regulates GSK-3βand attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and memory deficits induced by SI in adult rats.

Objective To explore the appropriate dosage of drugs inducing experimental allergic en cephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice,and evaluate the modified model mice.Methods Different doses of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55:200 μg,100 μg,50 μg,25 μg),together with different doses of inactivation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RA:800 μg,250 μg,100 μg) and pertussis toxin (500 ng,200 ng),were used to induce the EAE model.After immunized,the clinical disease severity of EAE mice was measured by the standard EAE grading clinical score daily.The open field test was used to detect the locomotion of mice.The Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the level of myelin basic proteins (MBP) in different brain regions of mice.Results Compared with the EAE mice induced with high-dose drugs,the mice with low-dose drugs (25 μg MOG35-55,100 μg H37RA,200 ng pertussis toxin) had low neu rological scores.And they displayed normal locomotion compared with the control mice (day 16:group EAE (8.885±0.772) cm/s vs control group (8.933±0.567) cm/s,P＞0.05;day 31:group EAE (11.130±0.630) cm/s vs control group (10.670±0.959) cm/s,P＞0.05;day 55:group EAE (7.686±0.428) cm/s vs control group (8.313±0.918) cm/s,P＞0.05).Moreover,there was a significant decrease of MBP in the parahippocampal cortex (PHC) and fimbria-fornix of EAE mice induced with low-dose of drugs (PHC:group EAE (0.369±0.096) vs control group (1.000±0.163),P＜0.05;fimbria-fomix:group EAE (0.494±0.071) vs control group (1.000±0.143),P＜0.05).Conclusion The EAE mice induced with low-dose drugs(25 μg MOG35-55,100 μg H37RA,200 ng pertussis toxin) have low neurological scores,normal locomotion,and myelin impairment in the central neuronal system.And it can be used in the cognitive behavioral research of demyelination disease,such as multiple sclerosis.

Objective To explore diagnostic value of MR perfusion weighted imaging(PWI)on complications and tumor recurrence in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer after operation and radiotherapy. Methods MR PWI was performed in 31 patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer who suffer from tumor recurrence, granulation or infection after operation and radiotherapy. Blood flow (BF), blood volume(BV), mean transit time(MTT) and time to peak (TTP) values were measured in the lesions. Analysis of variance and pair-wise comparison of q test were used for statistical analysis. Results Eleven cases with tumor recurrence,11 case with granulation tissues, 9 cases with infection were confirmed by pathological examinations. Average BF, BV, MTT and TTP values of recurrent tumors were (145.1 ± 29.3)ml · 100 g-1 · min-1,(14.2 ± 3.2)ml · 100 g-1,(5.4 ± 0.6)s,(13.7 ± 1.3)s respectively;Average BF, BV MTT and TTP values of granulation tissues were(109.1±27.4)ml·100 g-1·min-1,(11.1±1.7)ml·100 g-1,(7.7±1.0)s, (19.8 ± 2.1)s respectively;Average BF, BV, MTT and TTP values of infectious tissues were(86.9 ± 7.7)ml · 100 g-1·min-1,(8.8±1.0)ml·100 g-1,(8.0±0.9)s,(19.7±1.3)s respectively. Average BF and BV values of the recurrent tumors group were higher than those of the granulation(q=4.89, 4.64 respectively,P<0.01)and infection group(q=7.52,7.71 respectively,P<0.01)respectively. Average BV values of granulation group was higher than that of the infection group(q=3.31,P<0.05), Average MTT and TTP values of recurrent tumor group were lower than those of the granulation (q=9.38, 12.48 respectively,P<0.01)and infection group(q=9.77, 11.53 respectively,P<0.05). There were no significant difference in average BF, MTT and TTP between the granulation and infection group. Conclusion MR PWI can be helpful in the diagnosis of complications and tumor recurrence in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer after operation and radiotherapy.

Three dimensional electrical impedance tomography (3D-EIT) became an important branch of EIT recently. It is important to research imaging and image quality evaluation methods for single targets of different positions and multi-targets in 3D field. Using finite element subdivision method, 3D-EIT field was dispersed into cube unit in the present study for models with single target located in the center of field, middle of field, and near to the edge, respectively. For models with two targets and four targets near to the field edge, Tikhonov-Noser algorithm was adopted in image reconstruction. Imaging error function ER and structure similarity degree function SSIM were introduced to evaluate the reconstructed images. For the models with signal target, with the movement of the target from the center to the edge of the field, the value of ER increased and SSIM decreased, and reconstruction quality decreased. For the models with multi-targets near to the field edge, ER and SSIM increased and decreased respectively with the increase of target number, mage quality also decreased. Tikhonov-Noser algorithm is an effective 3D-EIT algorithm. ER and SSIM are adaptive for the characteristic of 3D-EIT images, and it can quantitatively evaluate the 3D-EIT imaging effect from the two perspective of imaging error and structure quality.
Algorithms ; Electric Impedance ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Tomography

ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on spinal pathology and ultrastructure after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and probe into the protective role of tacrolimus (FK506) on neural regeneration.MethodsCompressive SCI at T8 was induced in the adult SD rats,which were randomly assigned to the control group,FK506 group,NSCs group and NSCs + FK506 group.The differences of neural regeneration in each group were compared at days 7,14,28 and 56 after injury by motor evoked potentials ( MEP),HE staining,immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructure observation and image analysis of the myelinated fiber. ResultsThe MEP latency in the NSCs + FK506 group was significantly shorter than that in other groups at day 28 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).HE staining revealed that only local necrosis presented in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.More BrdU and NF-200 positive cells were detected with immunohistochemical staining in the other three groups as compared with the control group.Moreover,the positive cells in the NSCs + FK506 group also outnumbered the FK506 group and NSCs group.Electron microscope scan showed edema under the membrane of large myelin sheath in the control group,and classic new myelin sheath and neuraxis in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.The regeneration of the nerve fiber in the NSCs + FK506 group was better than that of other three groups (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionAfter NSCs transplantation for SCI rats,the early combination use of FK506 can improve the pathology and ultrastructure of the regenerative nerve fiber and is conducive to nerve regeneration.

Objective To compare the differences of the spectral CT parameters between benign and malignant mediastina lymph nodes and to investigate the value of spectral imaging in the differential diagnosis. Methods According to the follow-up and pathology results, a total of 73 patients were enrolled in this study. One experienced radiologist determined the locations of lymph nodes on CT images corresponding to the surgical pathological ones. A total of 47 malignant nodes and 65 benign nodes were found. The longest and shortest diameters of lymph nodes in mediastina window were measured .The vHU, IC, WC, Zef and the CT values of normal lung, normal muscle and lymph nodes at 40, 70 and 140 keV were measured. The indices were compared between the benign nodes and malignant nodes by independent-samples t test. The Spectral HU curves were drawn. Results The long and short diameter of malignant lymph nodes were (28.8 ± 10.5),(20.3 ± 9.1)cm , while they were were (14.0 ± 4.6),(7.5 ± 1.8)cm for benign lymph nodes. Malignant nodes were significantly larger than benign nodes (t= 6.54, 7.13, respectively, P<0.05), The differences of the CT values at 40, 70 and 140 keV and the vHU, IC, WC, Zef for the normal lung, normal muscle and lymph nodes between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The two groups showed similar spectral HU curve slopes (1.86 values 1.73). Conclusion Spectral imaging may not be helpful in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign lymph nodes.

Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence, development and outcome of ischemic stroke. As one of the most sensitive indicators of inflammation, interleukin (IL)-6 is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and plays a dual role in ischemic stroke. In-depth study on the changes and role of IL-6 level in patients with ischemic stroke may help to develop new methods to predict the outcome of ischemic stroke and promote the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Objective: To study the different ischemic characteristics of cerebral gray matter and deep white matter in patients with chronic cerebral artery severe stenosis or occlusion. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with chronic unilateral cerebral artery severe stenosis or occlusion from April 2014 to April 2018 in our hospital. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time of peak time (TTP) and time to delay(TTD) of cerebral cortex gray matter and deep white matter in the blood supply area of the responsible artery (the affected side) and the contralateral hemisphere (the healthy side) were measured. Statistical analysis of the perfusion parameters of cerebral cortex gray matter and deep white matter in the affected side and contralateral side were performed using SPSS13.0 software package. T test was used for variance homogeneity, and t′ test was used for variance discrepancy, and P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The average values of CBF and CBV of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral cortex were increased than those of ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral deep white matter respectively(P<0.01). MTT, TTP and TTD of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral cortex were decreased than that of ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral deep white matter (P<0.01); CBF of ipsilateral cerebral cortex and CBV of ipsilateral cerebral deep white matter were not different from those of the contralateral cerebral cortex and deep white matter respectively, but CBF of ipsilateral cerebral deep white matter is decreased than that of the contralateral deep white matter (P<0.01). CBV of ipsilateral cerebral cortex is increased than that of the contralateral cerebral cortex (P<0.01). MTT, TTP and TTD of ipsilateral cerebral cortex and deep white matter were increased than those of contralateral cerebral cortex and deep white matter respectively(P<0.01). Conclusion Deep cerebral white matter perfusion decreased more significantly than cortical gray matter in the supply region of chronic cerebral artery severe stenosis or occlusion. CT perfusion imaging can quantify the degree of chronic cerebral ischemia and can provide quantitative diagnostic information for clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation.

To compare the distribution characteristics of common syndrome types and syndrome elements of menopause syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women on the basis of standardized syndrome differentiation extracted by experts' experiences.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of the cerebral complications of infective endocarditis (IE)and the evolution process of infective cerebral infarction.Methods The clinical and imaging data from 5 patients diagnosed as IE with neurological complications were retrospectively and comprehensively reviewed,so that the imaging features of cerebral complications and infective cerebral infarctions were summarized.Results Among the 5 cases,3 showed multiple acute infarctions,including 2 massive ones.All the 5 cases showed multiple hemorrhagic lesions at different stages.The infarction and hemorrhage were mostly located at the corticalGmedullary junction.1 case of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 1 case of meningitis were also observed.Two massive infarctions mentioned above showed irregular patchy shape,which evolved into cerebral abscesses after 1 2 and 1 5 days of neurological symptoms showing up,then abscesses started shrinking after 33 and 3 1 days,respectively.Conclusion MRI can accurately reflect the features of cerebral complications of IE and the evolution process of infective cerebral infarctions,which provides evidences for physicians to make correct diagnoses and the treatment plans.