Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs) are a kind of micromolecular peptides with antibacterial , antivirus and anti-tumor activities.Unlike conventional antibiotics , acquisition of resistance by a sensitive microbial strain against AMPs is surprisingly improbable .AMPs are not widely used clinically due to their toxicity , susceptibility to proteolysis and high manufacturing cost .Researchers have obtained some AMPs with high activity and low toxicity by structure modifications . The molecular design of AMPs as well as their development in the future are reviewed .

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family is one ofthe most conserved proteinin evolutionand plays critical,role in proteostasis.HSP70 is becoming an interesting target for multiple diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.There are many drugs targeted to HSP70 in preclinical study.In this review,the classification,the structure,the function of HSP70,and the drugs of the HSP70 family are reviewed.

Objective: To investigate the successive fluctuation of some Thl type cytokines in the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice treated with tumor-derived heat shock protein 70 ( HSP70) , explore the mechanism of HSP 70 in breaking through the tumor-immunity tolerance of the organism with tumor-burden and in inducing effective anti-tumor immune response, and provide valuable reference for tumor-derived HSP70 administration in treating human cancer. Methods : Cell culture, techniques for protein extraction and purification, SDS-PAGE, Western-blot, capillary electrophoresis, ELISA technique and animal experiment were applied. Results: HSP70 could result in apparent tumor-inhibitory effect and upregulate some Thl type cytokines(IL-2, TNF-?, and IFN-?) in the peripheral blood of the treated mice gradually to the frequency of HSP70 administration, and showed no reduction trend in two weeks after the final treatment. Statistically significant difference was observed contrasted with those of the control group (P

As a normative technical term, “nine needles” appears repeatedly inThe Internal Canon of Medicine, in which Miraculous Pivot set theNine Needles and Twelve Source Acupoints as the first passage. Therefore, the significance of “nine needles” is evident. This article expounded “nine needles” from the following six aspects:the origin, the name, the types, the functions, the use and the application, with a purpose to standardize the contents of “nine needles”, and analyse the connotation.

Objective To assess longitudinal segmental myocardial strain(?),displacement(D) and the changes of the inner dimension of left ventricle(?L),and to establish their spatial correlationship during cardiac pacing and conductive block.Methods The standard apical four chamber view of left ventricle were acquired during cardiac pacing(n=12),right bundle branch block(RBBB,n=13) and sinus rhythm(n=14) using GE Vivid 7 dimension and the M3S probe with(4.0) MHz for the analysis of the longitudinal myocardial segmental(apical and basal segments) ? and D of left ventricle with two dimensional strain analysis software.The maximal and change longitudinal dimension of left ventricle was measured and calculated at end-diastole and end-systole respectively.The differences of the above parameters were compared and the spatial correlationships among them were analyzed.Results The peak ? of the septal basal segment during cardiac pacing was significant higher than that of the apical segment.There were significant differences in the peak D and(?D)(D_(basal)-D_(apical)) at lateral wall among sinus rhythm,RBBB and pacing group(P

Objective To investigate the value of 3D-TEE,2D-TEE,CTA and X-ray contrast in assessing left atrial appendage (LAA) shape,size and guidance for the choice of occlusion.Methods Forty-three cases of left atrial fibrillation who were referred for LAA closure were performed TEE to measure the opening maximum diameter,and maximum depth of 2D-TEE at 0°,45°,90° and 135°.When LAA showed most clearly,the opening maximum and minimum diameter of LAA were measured by using 3D-ROOM mode,and the results were compared with those measured by CTA and X-ray contrast.Results There was no significant difference for opening maximum diameter of LAA measured by 3D-TEE,2D-TEE and X-ray contrast (all P＞0.05),but that of CTA statistically larger than 3D-TEE,2D-TEE,X-ray contrast (all P＜0.01).There were significant difference between 2D-TEE at 90°,135° and CTA,2D-TEE at 135° and X-ray contrast in assessing maximum depth of LAA (all P＜0.05).Opening maximum diameter of LAA measured by 3D-TEE was significantly correlated with each angle of 2D-TEE,CTA,and X-ray contrast (r=0.70-0.77,0.57,0.58,all P＜0.01),and the opening maximum diameter measured by 2D-TEE also correlated with CTA and X-ray contrast (r =0.57-0.71,0.45-0.51,all P＜0.01).Also the opening maximum diameter measured by 3D-TEE,2D-TEE,CTA and x-ray contrast were correlated with occluder size (r=0.93,0.70-0.77,0.57,0.47,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Compared with 2D-TEE,CTA and X-ray contrast,3D-TEE is more instructive for occluder selection.

Objective To explore diagnostic value of MR perfusion weighted imaging(PWI)on complications and tumor recurrence in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer after operation and radiotherapy. Methods MR PWI was performed in 31 patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer who suffer from tumor recurrence, granulation or infection after operation and radiotherapy. Blood flow (BF), blood volume(BV), mean transit time(MTT) and time to peak (TTP) values were measured in the lesions. Analysis of variance and pair-wise comparison of q test were used for statistical analysis. Results Eleven cases with tumor recurrence,11 case with granulation tissues, 9 cases with infection were confirmed by pathological examinations. Average BF, BV, MTT and TTP values of recurrent tumors were (145.1 ± 29.3)ml · 100 g-1 · min-1,(14.2 ± 3.2)ml · 100 g-1,(5.4 ± 0.6)s,(13.7 ± 1.3)s respectively;Average BF, BV MTT and TTP values of granulation tissues were(109.1±27.4)ml·100 g-1·min-1,(11.1±1.7)ml·100 g-1,(7.7±1.0)s, (19.8 ± 2.1)s respectively;Average BF, BV, MTT and TTP values of infectious tissues were(86.9 ± 7.7)ml · 100 g-1·min-1,(8.8±1.0)ml·100 g-1,(8.0±0.9)s,(19.7±1.3)s respectively. Average BF and BV values of the recurrent tumors group were higher than those of the granulation(q=4.89, 4.64 respectively,P<0.01)and infection group(q=7.52,7.71 respectively,P<0.01)respectively. Average BV values of granulation group was higher than that of the infection group(q=3.31,P<0.05), Average MTT and TTP values of recurrent tumor group were lower than those of the granulation (q=9.38, 12.48 respectively,P<0.01)and infection group(q=9.77, 11.53 respectively,P<0.05). There were no significant difference in average BF, MTT and TTP between the granulation and infection group. Conclusion MR PWI can be helpful in the diagnosis of complications and tumor recurrence in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer after operation and radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the relationships between occupational coping self-efficacy, job stress and core competence of nurses. Methods A total of 493 registered nurses were recruited in the survey with the Chinese nurse job stressors scale, occupational coping self-efficacy scale for nurses and competency inventory for registered nurse (CIRN). The correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The total scores on occupational coping self-efficacy, job stress of nurses and core competence of nurses were (31.94 ± 6.39), (90.29 ± 17.41) and (159.93 ± 34.31), respectively. Nurses′occupational coping self-efficacy negatively correlated with (r=-0.267, P<0.01) and positively correlated with the core competence of nurses (r=0.355, P<0.01). Conclusions The occupational coping self-efficacy of the nurses can be improved by successful experiencing, verbal persuasion and positive feedback. In this way, nurses core competence can be enhanced and their job stress can be relieved and consequently the quality of nursing can be enhanced.

90 days),obvious difference( P

BACKGROUND: As unspecific antagonist of opiate receptor, naloxone is widely used for multiple diseases which are related with abnormal release of endogenous opium. At present, researches suggest that large dosage of naloxone is used at early period can decrease death rate of patients with acute craniocerebral injury and promote neural functional recovery.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of naloxone on improving the nervous function of rats with acute craniocerebral injury and to analyze effectively.DESIGN: Randomized grouping design based on the experimental animal.SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute.MATERIALS: Totally 250 SD rats were divided randomly into 0.3, 1.0,3.0, 9.0 mg/kg naloxone group, positive control group and negative control group.METHODS: Craniocerebral injured model was established with Feenly free fall struck, and the medicine was given 30 minutes after injury. The rats of the first four experimental group were injected transpeniponeally with naloxone hydrochloride by 0.3 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg and 9.0 mg/kg respectively once a day; meanwhile, the control groups were given 2 mg citicoline sodium for injection and 0.5 mL normal saline per rat respectively. The longest time was 14 days.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MNSS neural functional score was used every day. The brain edemas of 8 rats in each group were measured with wet-dry weight methods on the second and the fourth day after head trauma.RESULTS: Among 250 rats, 172 entered the final analysis. The nervous function of rats in naloxone groups was better than the two control groups (P ＜ 0.01), and that in 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg naloxone group were better than 0.3 mg/kg group (P ＜ 0.05), but there were no significant differences a mong the three naloxone groups (P ＞ 0.05). The brain edemas of rats in naloxone groups were lighter than that in the control groups (P ＜ 0.05), and that of 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg groups were lighter than 0.3 mg/kg (P ＜ 0.05), but there were no significant differences among these three groups (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Naloxone can decrease the brain edemas of rats with traumatic brain injury, promote the nervous function recovery, and the treatment effect changes with the dosage during some range.Therefore, the experiment illustrates that naloxone can decrease the brain edemas of experimental brain injury in SD rats and improve the nervous function, but the effect of naloxone is associated with the dosages in some range.