Local anesthetics have neurotoxicity, which can lead to temporary or permanent sensory and motor dysfunction.And regional anesthesia is commonly used in diabetics undergoing limbs or lower abdominal surgery, so that local anesthetics were widely used in them.However local anesthetics sensitivity in patients with diabetics is not yet clear.In this paper, we will discuss the problem and make a summary.

Objective: To evaluate the potential dose influence to organs at risk (OARs) and targets of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:Twice positional CT images of 12 patients with locally advanced NSCLC were captured during radio-(n=3) or radio-chemotherapy (n=9) for ART simulation. The twice positional scanningplan was fused using MIM software. The variation of irradiation doses for the lung, heart, and spinal cord was evaluated, and the prescription doses for the targets were escalated. Results:Adaptive radiation enabled dose reduction by an average of 3.53%for lung V20 and by 2.55%for V30. The mean dose for the lung decreased by 2.11 Gy. The dose was reduced by an average of 4.17%for heart V30 and by 3.37%for V40. Meanwhile, the maximum dose for the spinal cord was reduced by 3.52 Gy on average. Lung sparing with ART enabled an iso-mean lung dose escalation of the Planning gross tumor target volume dose, which improved by an average of 1.25 Gy. Conclusion:The adap-tation of radiotherapy for continuous tumor shrinkage during the treatment course for NSCLC reduces doses to OARs, enables signifi-cant dose escalation, and has the potential to increase local control.

Objective To investigate the activation of apoptotic genes of the brain with hypoxia- ischemia (HI) in newborn SD rats, and MRI changes and memory and learning ability in adulthood. Methods HI was induced by right carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5 h of hypoxia (6% O2) on 3-day-old SD rats (n=36). Control pups were sham-operated (n = 27). Right brain hemisphere was collected at 12 h and 7 d after HI and subjected to an apoptosis Oligo GEArrayR. MRI and Morris water maze test were performed on both groups at 42 and 44 days old, respectively. Results Comparing to 12 h after HI, up-regulated apoptotic genes included TNF, Caspase and pro-apoptotit genes of Bcl2 families, whereas the anti-apoptotic genes of Bcl2 family were down-regulated at 7 d after HI. The MRI assessment of the rats in HI group demonstrated that the area of the right cerebra l cortex was significantly smaller than the left side and control [periventricular layer: (23.5±3.6) mm2 vs (33.0±4.3) mm2, (34.5±3.9) mm2; hippocampus layer: (18.9±4.4) mm2 vs (29.1±5.0) mm2,(30.8±4.5) mm2, both P<0.01]. During the navigation trial, the HI rats demonstrated longer escape latency (4th day: (52.7±35.9) vs (17.8±8. 9) s, P<0.01). HI rats passed the platform less times than the control ones (T= 292.5, P<0.05) in space probe trial. Conclusions The activation of apoptotic genes induced by HI brain injury remains until 7 days later, involving intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The apoptosis of neural cells may lead to poor development of the cortex and impair the memory and learning ability in the adult rats after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia injury.

Objective To display of heterologous proteins on the surface of E. coli . Methods The 1653 bp luciferase report gene was knocked in Ipp and ompA genes of chromosome by Red recombine system and selection-counter selection kan/sacB. Results The quantitative analysis results of exogenous lu-ciferase expression displayed that it could be expressed as fusion with the outer membrane proteins on the cell surface. The fusion protein of foreign protein and outer membrane protein Lpp-OmpA-Luc could be high-effi-ciently displayed on cell surface. Conclusion The stable expression of exogenous gene on the surface of E. coli had no effect on the bacterial growth and propagation.

Cell bodies of the hypothalamus which project to various subdivisions of theparamedian midbrain were studied in the rat with the method of retrograde axonaltransport of HRP.After small amount of HRP was delivered electrophoreticallyinto the dorsolateral part of the central grey substance,the HRP-labelled cells werefound in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsome-dial nucleus,the dorsal premammillary nucleus,the ventral premammillary nucleus,the medial mammilary nucleus and the lateral mammillary nucleus,mainly in theipsilateral side.Following introduction of the enzyme into the ventral part ofcentral grey substance,there were HRP-labelled cells in the ipsilateral preoptic area,the lateral area of anterior hypothalamus(dorsal to the supraoptic nucleus),thelateral area of tuberal part,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsomedial nucleus andthe dorsal premammillary nucleus.By introducing the HRP into the medial part oftegmentum,the HRP-labelled cells were observed in the preoptic area,the lateralarea of anterior hypothalamus,the ventromedial nucleus,the dorsomedial nucleus,the dorsal premammillary nucleus,the medial mammillary nucleus and the lateralmammillary nucleus.

Objective To investigate the expression of anti-apoptosis gene bag-1 and its relation to the differentiation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Immunohistochemical techniques were adopted to study the expression of bag-1 in ICC tissue ( n=48) and para-hepatocarcinoma bile duct ( control group, n=25). Results Expression of bag-1 in the ICC group was significantly higher than that in the control group. In the ICC group (P

Objective To evaluate early warning indexes of percutaneous nephroscope complicated with septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and prevention countermeasures.Methods Thirty patients with PCNL complicated with septic shock and MODS were selected from January 2004 to December 2014, and 35 patients suffering from MODS after PCNL were divided into the control groups, and the levels of platelet (PLT), D-dimer (DD), serum albumin (ALB), cholinesterase (CHE) and troponin T (TNT) of patients in two groups were detected.Results PLT, CHE and ALB of patients in observation group were (103.25 ±35.27) ×109/L, (2313.38 ±231.65) U/L and (22.43 ±5.38)g/L, respectively, being significantly lower than those of patients in control group, and TNT and DD were (0.67 ±0.17) ng/mL and (2.56 ±0.93) mg/L, respectively, being significantly higher than those of patients in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).PLT, CHE and ALB of death patients in observation group were (87.32 ±21.27) ×109/L, (2109.26 ±219.41) U/L and (19.38 ±4.28) g/L, respectively, being significantly lower than those of survived patients, TNT and DD were (0.78 ±0.13) ng/mL and (3.04 ±0.77) mg/L, respectively, being significantly higher than those of survived patients, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The fatality rate of patients with two organ dysfunctions more than 41.67%.The fatality rate of patients with three organ dysfunctions was 44.44%.The fatality rate of patients with organ dysfunctions more than 4 was 100%. Conclusions for Platelets, D-dimer, serum albumin, cholinesterase and calcium muscular,organ dysfunction number may serve as early warning indexes of patients with postoperative percutaneous nephroscope complicated septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes.

Objective To observe the effect of tacrolimus(FK506)in promoting repair of the injured spinal cord pathway after neural stem cell transplantation in rats. Methods A neurysm clip was used to compress the T8 spinal cord segment of SD rats under microscope to establish model of spinal cord injury.The rats were randomly divided into three groups seven days after injury,ie,control group (injection of normal saline at the injury center),transplantation group(injection of neural stem cells,NSCs,at the injury center),FK506 group(injection of NSCs at the injury center plus 7 days of intrapernerve conduction was compared by using the Basso-Beatfle-Bresnahan (BBB) scale,BDA tracing,somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)and motor evoked potentials(MEP)monitoring at 1,2,4 and 8weeks. Results The motor function of the hind limb after injury was recovered in various degrees with time,with the most significant recovery at 4 weeks.The BBB score reached 6,the maximum at 8 weeks.BDA tracing showed that some nerve fibers were found crossing the injured center of the spinal cord one week later in FK506 group and cell transplantation group,that BDA-positive labeled corticospinal tract fibets were seen across the injury site in all groups by the end ofthe eight weeks.In the FKS06 group,the regeneration could be observed even as 1.7 cm away from tlle injury center.SEP latency was significantly shorter in the FK506 group after two weeks(P<0.05)and the MEP latency in the FK506 group was shortened significantly at four weeks compared with the other groups(P<0.05),indicating that the immunosuppressants could promote the recovery of the injured spihal cord,shorten the latency of SEP and MEP，improve SEP at early stage and MEP at late stage．Conclusions Systemic application immuno suppressive agents FK506 plays an important role in neuroprotection and neurotrophy，which promotes the repair of the injured spinal cord after neural stem cell transplantation．

Objective To compare the accuracy and feasibility among CT, MR, and CT-MR image fusion technology in the delineation of gross target volume (GTV) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Thirty-six consecutive patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent NPC were enrolled. Each pa-tient underwent both CT and MR scanning in the same treatment position. Several lead marks were made at the exactly same locations of the body surface before CT and MR scanning. The two sets of images were then transferred to the Tomcon workstation for image fusion. CT-MR image registration was performed using Land-Mark methods. GTV of each patient was contoured on CT (GTV_(CT)), MR (GTV_(MR)) and CT-MR (GTV_(CT-MR)) images. Results The mean GTV_(CT), GTV_(MR) and GTV_(CT-MR) were 27.60 cm~3, 30.99 cm~3 and 31.71 cm~3, respectively (F = 7.48, P = 0.001). Significant difference was found between GTV_(CT) and GTV_(MR) (q =2.54,P=0.016), GTV_(CT) and GTV_(CT-MR) (q =3.10,P =0.004), but not GTV_(MR) and GTV_(CT-MR) (q = 1.31 ,P = 0. 199). Significant difference among GTV_(CT), GTV_(MR) and GTV_(CT-MR) was found in patients with skull base invasion (35.65, 42.70 and 44.22 cm~3 ; F = 14. 13, P = 0. 000), but not in those without skull base invasion (20.79 cm~3, 20.46 cm~3 and 21.18 cm~3 ; F = 0.18, P = 0.832). Significant difference between GTV_(CT) and GTV_(CT-MR) was found in patients with T_3 and T_4 tumor (t = -2.17,P =0. 036), but not in those with T_1 and T_2 (t = -0.66 ,P = 0.514). Conclusions CT-MR image fusion is helpful in GTV de-lineation for NPC, particularly for patients with skull base invasion.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Astragalus injection on serum SOD and MDA in patients during supratentorial tumor resection. Methods Twenty-four patients with ASAⅠorⅡ degree, aged 20~55 years old, undergoing supratentorial tumor resection were randomized into the control group (group C) and the Astragalus group (group R), with 12 cases in each group. Patients in group R received 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride in addition with 20 mL Astragalus injection. Patients in group C received the same amount of 0.9%sodium chloride. Blood samples were taken from jugular venous bulb before induction of anesthesia (T1), intubation (T2), open dura instantly (T3), 1 h after the dura opened (T4), 24 h after the dura opened (T5), and 48 h after the dura opened (T6). The levels of serum SOD and MDA were determined. Results The serum SOD in both group R and group C was lower at T3~6 than that at T1 , but the serum SOD in group R reduced significantly compared with group C (P < 0.05); The serum MDA in both group R and group C at T4~6 was higher than that at T1, but the serum MDA in group R increased significantly compared with group C (P <0.05). Conclusion Astragalus injection can enhance the serum SOD activity and reduce MDA output in patients during supratentorial tumor resection.