Objective To investigate the dynamic abnormality of colon and anorectum in elderly patients with chronic functional constipation(CFC). Methods Forty-two elderly patients with CFC and twenty elderly healthy controls were selected. Total and segmental colonic transit time(CTT) were assessed radiographically by using oral radiopaque markers. Eight-lead water perfusion pressure measurement system and balloon were used to test the pressure and the perception threshold values of anus and rectum. Results (1) Total colonic transit time (TCTT) and sigmoid-rectum transit time (SRTT) were (49.0±16.4) h and (20.1±13.5) h in elderly patients with CFC, which were significantly prolonged compared with the controls [(25.2±7.7) h and (7.8±4.1) h, t=6.16 and 3.97,both P<0.05]. (2) The pressure of anal canal during defecation was (39.6±15.7) mmHg in elderly patients with CFC and (17.6±9.3) mm Hg in controls (t=5.79, P

In vitro or in vivo results of investigations into the development of photosensitizer drug delivery systems have demonstrated that the use of vehicles not only enhance the stability of photosensitizer,but also promote the accumulation of photosensitizer in tumor tissue,enhance the targetability of photodynamic therapy,the working depth,the yield of singlet oxygen and overcome many untoward effects.So the research of new photosensitizer drug delivery system has important application value in photodynamic therapy of tumor.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:In this study, we aim to obtain the induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs) from the patients with sporadic Alzheimer disease ( AD) .METHODS:Three typical Alzheimer’ s patients were chosen, and the epithelial cells were isolated from their urine.We reprogrammed these cells into induced pluripotent stem cells by transfection of 4 factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and SV40LT) with the technique of electro-transfection.After getting these iPSCs, we continue to differentiate them into neural cells by a specific method—dual inhibition of Smad signaling.RESULTS: The primary cells from 3 AD patients were successfully reprogrammed to iPSCs, and these patients-derived iPSCs were differentiated into neural cells.There was no significant difference, during iPSCs reprogramming and neural differentiation, between cells from AD patients and normal people.CONCLUSION: The urine cells from AD patients were able to transfer to iPSCs, functional neurons and neurogliocytes.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-218 on cell proliferation and cell cycle in the gastric cancers (GC).Methods SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells were transfected with miR-218 mimics.Meanwhile,SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells were transfected with control mimics (Scramble mimics) as negative control.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the miR-218 expression in these transfected cells.The effect of miR-218 overexpression on cell proliferation was evaluated with direct cell counting and MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5 (3-carboxymethonyphenol)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt] assay.Moreover,the effect of miR-218 overexpression on cell cycle was examined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).Results miR-218 expression was remarkably induced in miR-218-transfected cells,miR-218 overexpression led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation rate compared to control cells (P ＜ 0.05).miR-218 overexpression induced GC G1 arrest.Conclusions miR-218 can suppress GC cell proliferation and block cell cycle progression.It maybe play an important role in tumorigenesis and development of GC.

Objective To construct the permanent colostomy patients with rectal cancer in archives information module content. Methods Using expert meeting,semi- structured interview, literature review, Delphi expert consultation method, establish the system of permanent rectal cancer patients file information specific module. Results In two- round consultation authority coefficient was 0.847. Kendall coordination coefficient (Kendall′s W) was 0.195-0.331, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.01); through the expert consultation method to construct the file information module for permanent colostomy patients with rectal cancer, which contained 4 first-level indicators (colostomy patient information module, stoma nursing modules, stoma patients transitional care modules, colostomy patients with network platform module), 11 secondary indicators, 36 third grade indicators. Conclusions This study established file information module content for permanent stoma patients with rectal cancer. It has good scientificity and reliability, and can provide a theoretical basis for the clinical development of a file information system network for transitional care of permanent stoma patients with rectal cancer.

Objective To increase the killing effect of aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on a human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431 by poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs).Methods ALA-loaded PLGA NPs (ALA PLGA NPs) were prepared using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method,and characterized in terms of size,encapsulation efficiency,loading capacity and morphology.Transmission electron microscopy was carried out to observe the morphology of A431 cells after uptake of ALA PLGA NPs.To optimize incubation time,multi-mode microplate reader was used to describe the fluorescence kinetics of protoporphyrin Ⅸ generated by A431 cells during 24 hours of incubation with 0.1 mmol/L ALA,1 mmol/L ALA,2.7 g/L ALA PLGA NPs containing about 0.1 mmol/L ALA,and PLGA NPs without ALA separately.Some A431 cells were divided into 10 groups:control group receiving neither treatment nor irradiation,0.1 and 1 mmol/L ALA dark/PDT group incubated 0.1 and 1 mmol/L ALA respectively,ALA PLGA NP dark/PDT group incubated with ALA PLGA NPs of 2.7 g/L,PLGA NP dark/PDT group incubated with PLGA NPs of 2.7 g/L,simple irradiation group irradiated with a He-Ne laser (wavelength:635 nm,power density:8.6 mW/cm2,energy density:8 J/cm2) only.The dark groups were kept in darkness strictly by wrapping in aluminum foil,and PDT groups were irradiated using a He-Ne laser.After another 24 hours of culture following irradiation,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTF) assay was conducted to estimate the survival rate of cells.To study the effect of ALA PLGA NPs on cell apoptosis,some A431 cells were divided into three groups:control group receiving neither treatment nor irradiation,ALA-PDT group and ALA PLGA NP PDT group receiving PDT after incubation with ALA and ALA PLGA NPs respectively.Flow cytometry was performed to detect the apoptosis of A431 cells at 12 and 24 hours,separately,after the photodynamic therapy.Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software package by means of a t test.Results The prepared ALA PLGA NPs were spherical with a mean particle size of (65.6 ± 26) nm,encapsulation efficiency of (65.8 ± 7.2) ％,and drug loading capacity of (0.62 ± 0.27)％.ALA PLGA NPs could be uptaken by A431 cells and gathered in the cytoplasm.The PpIX fluorescence kinetic study showed that the fluorescence intensity increased with time within 24 hours in A431 cells incubated with ALA or ALA PLGA NPs.After 6 and 24 hours of incubation,the A431 cells incubated with 2.7 g/L ALA PLGA NPs showed a significant increase in the protoporphyrin Ⅸ fluorescence intensity compared with those incubated with 0.1 mmol/L ALA (both P ＜ 0.01).Further more,the survival rate of A431 cells was statistically lower in the ALA PLGA NP PDT group than in the 0.1 mmol/L ALA PDT group at 6 and 24 hours (t =35.685,5.262,respectively,both P ＜ 0.01).Elevated apoptosis rate was observed in the ALA PLGA NP PDT group compared with the ALA PDT group at 12 ((13.10 ± 0.50)％ vs.(4.90 ± 0.13)％,t =9.074,P＜ 0.01) and 24 ((30.17 ± 1.02)％ vs.(11.6 ± 0.59)％,t =9.095,P ＜ 0.01) hours.Conclusions ALA PLGA NPs can promote the formation of protoporphyrin Ⅸ,strengthen the killing effect of ALA-PDT on A431 cells in vitro,and enhance the apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT in tumor cells.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy ( FSRT ) combined with temozolomide ( TMZ ) for large brain metastases ( BMs ) in a prospective phaseⅡclinical trial.Methods From 2010 to 2015, a total of 33 patients were enrolled as subjects.The median Karnofsky Performance Status scores before and after treatment were 70 and 80, respectively.The major primary tumor was non-small cell lung cancer (57.6%).The brain metastasis had a diameter of≥3 cm or a volume of ≥6 cm3 .The radiation dose was 52 Gy in 13 fractions or 52.2 Gy in 15 fractions.Patients received TMZ at a dose of 75 mg/m2 per day concurrently.The radiotherapy was followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant treatment with TMZ (150 mg/m2, days 1-5, 28 days per cycle).Patients were reexamined by magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) during the treatment.The radiation field would be shrunk if the gross target volume ( GTV) was reduced by≥20%.The treatment outcomes were evaluated by MRI at 2-3 months after treatment.Results The total numbers of tumors and GTVs were 95 and 38, respectively. Twenty-four (63%) out of the 38 GTVs had a volume larger than 10 cm3 and the median GTV was 15.3 cm3 (5.7-142.8 cm3).Twenty-two (67%) out of the 33 patients achieved field shrinking during the treatment, and the median reduction rate of GTV was 44%( 21%-88%) .The median total dose was 59.5 Gy, and 100%and 21.2%of patients completed the concurrent and adjuvant treatment with TMZ, respectively.In all patients, the overall response rate was 97.0%;the 1-year local control, intracranial progression-free
survival, and overall survival rates were 97%, 70%, and 62%, respectively;the median survival time was 15.3 months.The main adverse reactions were grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting.One patient got grade 3 liver function impairment.Conclusions FSRT combined with TMZ is a safe and effective approach for treating large BMs.More than 50%of patients can achieve field shrinking to shorten treatment duration and reduce toxicity.Clinical Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov,registration number:NCT02654106.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) is currently the main treatment method for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. During radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, factors such as body mass reduction, tumor regression, and organ displacement at risk can affect the precise implementation of radiation therapy. Applying adaptive radiotherapy (ART) technology to optimize the treatment plan at the appropriate timing can reduce the adverse effects caused by the above factors and enhance the accuracy of radiotherapy. There are no uniform standards for the necessity, timing, and case selection of ART. In this review, the research progress of ART in the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in recent years was reviewed to provide a reference for further clinical application of ART in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Gan-zhou.Methods The epidemiological data of HFMD reported by the Infectious Disease Surveillance System,a sub-system of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System,from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed by descriptive methods.Enterovirus(EV)nucleic acid and typing detections via throat swabs,anal swabs or herpes fluid of patients was detected by real-time fluo-rescent polymerase chain reaction.The change in HFMD epidemic characteristics was compared between 2020 and 2017-2019.Results The incidence of HFMD in Ganzhou in 2020 was significantly lower than that from 2017 to 2019(x2=50.587,P＜0.05).In 2020,the incidence of HFMD in counties and districts of Ganzhou(except Huichang County)signifi-cantly decreased compared with that in 2017-2019(P＜0.05).From 2017 to 2019,the incidence of HFMD was obviously seasonal,with a high incidence in summer and autumn,and two significant incidence peaks were formed in June and September in 2017 and 2018,respectively.In 2019,there was a summer peak in June.The epidemic trend in 2020 was different,with a very low epidemic trend in summer and autumn,and a peak in winter.The incidence of HFMD in men,women and all ages in 2020 significantly decreased compared with that in 2017-2019(P＜0.05),and the age of onset was mainly distributed in 1-5 years,especially in children aged 1 to 3 years.There was a significant difference in the incidence of HFMD among different ages(P＜0.05).The positive rate of EV in Ganzhou in 2020 was lower than that from 2017 to 2019(x2=47.273,P＜0.05).The positive rate of EV in January,March to September in 2020 was significantly lower,and the positive rate of EV in November,December 2020 was significantly higher than that in the same period in 2017 to 2019(P＜0.05).Strain CA16 showed an increasing trend year by year from 2017 to 2019,and became the dominant strain in 2019.The proportion of patients infected with CA6 strain was on the fise from 2018 to 2020,and CA6 became the dominant strain in 2020.Conclusion The HFMD in Ganzhou has obvious population characteristics and seasonality,and the pathogen spectrum is constantly changing.

Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) represents a variety of sensorineural deafness conditions characterized by abnormal inner hair cells and/or auditory nerve function, but with the preservation of outer hair cell function. ANSD represents up to 15％ of individuals with hearing impairments. Through mutation screening, bioinformatic analysis and expression studies, we have previously identified several apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) mitochondria-associated 1 (AIFM1) variants in ANSD families and in some other sporadic cases. Here, to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying each AIFM1 variant, we generated AIF-null cells using the clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system and constructed AIF-wild type (WT) and AIF-mutant (mut) (p.T260A, p.R422W, and p.R451Q) stable transfection cell lines. We then analyzed AIF structure, coenzyme-binding affinity, apoptosis, and other aspects. Results revealed that these variants resulted in impaired dimerization, compromising AIF function. The reduction reaction of AIF variants had proceeded slower than that of AIF-WT. The average levels of AIF dimerization in AIF variant cells were only 34.5％?49.7％ of that of AIF-WT cells, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. The average percentage of apoptotic cells in the variants was 12.3％?17.9％, which was significantly higher than that (6.9％?7.4％) in controls. However, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) treatment promoted the reduction of apoptosis by rescuing AIF dimerization in AIF variant cells. Our findings show that the impairment of AIF dimerization by AIFM1 variants causes apoptosis contributing to ANSD, and introduce NADH as a potential drug for ANSD treatment. Our results help elucidate the mechanisms of ANSD and may lead to the provision of novel therapies.