Defensin is a cysteine-rich, low molecular weight and cationic antimicrobial peptide. Human breast milk con-tains high level of defensin. The defensin in human breast milk can not only inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorgan-isms, but also promote the development of infant immune system and reduce the incidence of infantile upper respiratory infection. Nowadays, the roles of defensin in breast milk is more recognized. This paper focuses on the molecular characteristics of human defensin, its antibacterial and antiviral roles, and the latest progress in defensin research.

目的观察应用高氧液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将96例急性脑梗死患者分为高氧液组(48例)和对照组(48例),两组均在常规药物治疗的基础上配合康复训练,高氧液组则在静脉点滴前将待静点的液体500 ml制备成高氧液,再加入相应药物。两组患者分别于治疗前及治疗14 d后根据改良爱丁堡-斯堪的纳维亚量表(MESSS)和Barthel指数进行评定。结果两组患者治疗后MESSS评分和Barthel指数均较治疗前有改善,高氧液组明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论高氧液治疗可促进急性脑梗死患者神经功能的恢复,提高患者的日常生活活动能力。

Increasing evidence has proved that inflammation plays an extremely important role in tumorigenesis.As the most representative biomarker for inflammation,C-reactive protein (CRP) has been considered to be critically associated with the prognosis of a variety of malignant tumors,like renal cancer.Numerous studies have shown that CRP is a significant prognostic factor for renal cancer patients treated with surgery,cytokine therapy or molecular-targeted therapy,and CRP has been incorporated into some prognostic algorithms for renal cancer.

Genome-wide association studies use high-throughput genotyping technologies to scan thousands of nucleotides of the entire human genome to investigate the relation of clinical conditions and measurable phenotypes.Bladder cancer is the result of the interaction between genetic variants and environmental factors.Many progresses have been acquired from genome-wide association studies.New genetic regions have been discovered to provide us new strategies for the etiology investigation of bladder cancer.

Objective To observe the influences of different anesthesia methods or adjuvant chemotherapy on hemorheological parameters in patients with cervical cancer.Methods Sixty pa-tients with cervical cancer were equally randomized into two groups.Patients in group A received three courses of chemotherapy preoperatively while those in group B did not.The patients of group A and B were divided respectively into two subgroups,combined epidural general anesthesia group (groups A1 and B1),general anesthesia group (group A2 and B2).Blood samples were taken for the hemorheological measurement at 5 min before induction of anesthesia,60 min after induction of anes-thesia and at the end of surgery.Results Red cell deformability index (EDI)was significantly lower in group A than that in group B;Erythrocyte rigidity index (ERI)and blood viscosity were higher in group A compared with those in group B (P <0.05).In groups A1 and B1,EDI,plasmic viscosity packed ERI,and ERI were all lower than those before anesthesia induction (P < 0.01 );while in groups A2 and B2 Hct decreased.Conclusion The patients of cervical cancer after chemotherapy showed some hemorheological changes characterized by a lowered EDI.Combined general and epidural anesthesia can significantly improve the above parameters.

Objective To establish a flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test for the rapid de-tection of antifungal susceptibility or resistance of Candida isolates.Methods The gate selection and opti-mal experimental conditions of flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test were determined by using Candi-da albicans strain ATCC90029 as the test strain and propidium iodide ( PI) as the fluorescent dye .The es-tablished flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test was used to detect the susceptibility or resistance to fluconazole or voriconazole of 110 isolates belonging to Candida species, and the obtained results were com-pared with those by using typical M 27-A3 constant dilution method .Results The killed and viable Candida albicans ATCC90029 strains were clearly divided into two groups on the figure of SS /log (FL3) by regulating voltages.There was a high correlation between the results of susceptibility test and the proportions of killed and viable fungi in mixture (r=0.999).The flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test could provide the results within 30 min and its optimal concentration of fungal suspension , time of drug-fungus incubation , dyeing method and time were 1.0×106/ml, 3 h incubation and sodium deoxycholate-pretreated plus PI dye-ing for 5 min, respectively .The total coincident rates between the established test and the constant dilution method were 98.2%and 87.3%in the detection of drug susceptibility of 110 fungal isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole .Conclusion The flow cytometry-based drug susceptibility test shows advantages of rapidi-ty, accuracy and high sensitivity compared with the constant dilution method .It has a great potential for clin-ical application .

Aim To observe the effect of ZDY102, a C25 stereo-isomer of ZMS, the active component of Zhimu, on brain M receptor density of dementia model animals and the correlation with its effect on learning/memory ability. Methods The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, model given orally for 2 months with 3.6 mg?kg -1?d -1 of ZDY102 treatment, model treated with 9.0 mg?kg -1?d -1 of ZDY102, and model treated with 18.0 mg?kg -1?d -1 of ZDY102. Dementia model was produced by single unilateral injection of 4 ?l of normal saline containing 4 ?g of ?-amyloid (25～35) and 1 ?g of ibotenic acid into right basal ganglion region with the aid of a stereotaxic equipment. The brain muscarinic receptor density was analyzed with single-site binding assay using 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilae(QNB). The learning/memory ability was measured by Y-maze performance. Results Two months after model production, the learning and memory ability as well as the density of muscarinic receptor in brain were significantly decreased in model rats compared with those in control rats. Parallel models treated with daily oral administration of ZDY102 for two months improved in learning and memory ability and their muscarinic receptor density was significantly increased when compared with model rats. The correlation coefficient between total M receptor densities and the learning/memory ability was significant when examined with linear regression. Conclusion ZDY102 can significantly improve the learning and memory ability and increase the brain muscarinic receptor density of the model. Since brain muscarinic receptors are closely correlated to learning and memory, up-regulation of M receptor density might play a very important role in the therapeutic effect of ZDY102.

We isolated and identified the bacterial pathogen in a pyogenic balanoposthitis patient and investigated the drug resistance and its mechanism of the isolate.Urethral secretions and balanus pustule liquids were collected for microscopic examination after Gram-staining and detection of mycoplasma using Mycoplasma IST 2 kit.The two samples were inoculated on Columbia blood plate,N.gonorrhoeae selective plate and chromID Candida plate for isolation.The obtained colonies were identified by VITEK 2-compact automatic bacterial detection and analysis system.Moreover,PCR was performed to detect 16S rRNA gene of N.gonorrhoeae in the samples and colonies.KB method was applied for detecting susceptibility of five common antibiotics against the isolate.The β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamase confirmatory tests were used to investigate the enzyme production of the isolate as well as drug resistance-associated tetM,TEM,mefA and ermF genes in the isolate were detected by PCR.Results showed that all the clinic samples showed negative for mycoplasma.All the isolating cultivation results of urethral secretions were negative while the balanus pustule liquids provided positive isolating cultivation in the blood and selective plates.The VITEK 2-compact system and 16S rRNA-PCR revealed that the isolated strain belongs to N.gonorrhoeae.The isolate can produce β-lactamases and resist to penicillin G,ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.The tetM,TEM,mefA and ermF genes could be found in the isolate's genome.The patient's balanoposthitis is caused by infection of N.gonorrhoeae.The multidrug resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate is closely associated with its carried resistant genes.

In current study,by means of analysis of client and administrator needs,we constructed "internal medical resource database" based on internet,which has 5 modules including database itself,communication on line,resource searching,recent updating and resource statistic.We hope the establishment of "internal medical resource database" can do a favor for the similar resource database.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the homology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(KPN),offering help for clinical therapy and nosocomial infection control.METHODS The antimicrobial-resistant phenotype of forty carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae strains was analyzed by the WHONET 5.4 soft and the resistant genotypes were determined by plasmid profile analysis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).RESULTS Analyzing antimicrobial-resistant phenotype to usual eighteen clinical drugs,the main drug resistant profiles were pan-resistant and only sensitive to tobramycin among the eight antimicrobial-resistant profiles(72.5%).Additionally,the main strains were type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ among the five strains analyzed by plasmid profile(82.5%).When analyzed by PFGE,five types were identified and among these strains type Ⅰ was predominant in 34 strains(85.0%).CONCLUSIONS The strains used in this study exhibit higher homology.Therefore,clinical departments and nosocomial infection departments should pay more attention to these strains to avoid outbreak.