AIM: To optimize the excipient formulation of lactose,HPMC_(SH4000) and Carbopol 71 G in breviscapin sustained release tablets by mixture uniform design. METHODS: Different formulations,single factor f_2 and multifactors of cumulative release as index,were evaluated respectively. RESULTS: The optical formulations obtained by the two methods were identical,and the tablets with optical formulation had ideal sustained release. CONCLUSION: Mixture uniform design is simple,direct and uniform.It can be used in optimization of formulation with invariable amount.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)and the SOCS-1 gene methylation status of the peripheral blood DNA,to provide the basis for diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythema-tosus.Methods Blood samples of SLE patients (27 cases)and healthy group (19 cases)in January 2015 to April were col-lected and the DNA were extracted.Using polymerase chain reaction combining DNA agarose gel electrophoresis to detect the SOCS-1 gene methylation status.Results In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SOCS-1 gene complete methyl-ation accounted for 44% (12/27),incomplete methylation accounted for 56% (15/27).In healthy group SOCS-1 gene com-plete methylation accounted for 74% (14/19)and incomplete methylation accounted for 26% (5/19).The rate of complete methylation of SOCS-1 gene of SLE patients was lower than that of healthy group (χ2=3.88,P=0.049).Conclusion SLE patients may have lower SOCS-1 gene methylation status in the peripheral blood DNA,which is worth for further study.

0.999). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of chromatogram area was less than 1.0% for all of them after six successive injections. The detection limit was 0.05 ?g/mL for norephedrine (NE), 0.04 ?g/mL for norpseudoephedrine (NPE), 0.1 ?g/mL for E and PE, and 0.2 ?g/mL for mephedrine (ME) and mepseudoephedrine (MPE), respectively (S/N≥3). The recovery rate was more than 97.1% for six ephedrine alkaloids. Under this method system, all of the above-mentioned six samples were tested and found to contain some of the impurity at different levels. Conclusion This developed method, which is very simple, perfect precision, high sensitivity, and selectivity, can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of impurities of ephedrine alkaloid-type samples.

objective To analyze the correlation between the level of serum uric acid and the clinical and pathological features of IgA nephropathy.Methods Totally 148 patients diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy in our hospital from January 2007 to December 2010 were divided into hyperuricaemic group(41 cases)and non-hyperuricaemic group(107 cases)according to the level of serum uric acid.The clinical parameters and renal pathology grade were compared.Results There were significant differences between hyperuricaemic group and non-hyperuricaemic group in the incidences of hypertension(63.4%vs 38.3%),disease duration[(18.90±10.12)months vs(9.46±3.91)months]and body mass index[(22.81±3.60)kg/m2vs(15.32±2.54)kg/m2](all P<0.05),while no differences in age and sex(both P>0.05).The blood urea nitrogen(BUN)[(8.93±4.28)mmol/L vs (5.21±2.18)mmol/L],creatinine(Cr)[(155.96±107.72)μmol/L vs(79.52±40.01)μmol/L],serum triglycerides[(2.11±1.06)mmoVL vs(1.86±1.20)mmol/L]and 24-hour urine protein amount [(4328.16±1434.25)mg/24 h vs(2885.10±1388.15)mg/24 h]were significantly different between the two groups(all P<0.05).The percentage of Lee's grade I+Ⅱin hyperuricaemic group was 12.2%,and IV+V grade was 39.0%,while percentage of Lee's grade I+Ⅱin non-hyperuricaemic group was 25.2%,and IV+V grade was 16.9%(P<0.05).Tubulointerstitial lesions(TIL)gradeⅢ+IV was more in hyperuricaemic group,which was 68.3%,while TIL grade II was more in non-hyperuricaemic group,which was 76.6%.Renal artery damage grade II+Ⅲ was more in hyperuricaemic group.which was 73.2%,while renal artery damage grade 0+1 was more in non-hyperuricaemic group,which was 69.2%.Conclusion The level of serum uric acid was related with 24-hour urine protein amount,blood pressure and kidney function in IgA nephropathy,and Lee's grade,TIL grade and renal artery damage grade were severe in hyperuricaemic group.

Objective To study the preparation and stability of paclitaxel self-microemulsifying drug delivery system ( PTX-SMEDDS) . Methods The formulation of the PTX-SMEDDS was optimized by monitoring the appearance, particle size, concentration, relative substance, and bacterial endotoxin. Influence of different pH and different dosage of activated carbon on PTX-SMEDDS was investigated. Subsequently it was subjected to stability studies. Results The PTX-SMEDDS was a translucent diluted-yellow solution with a mean diameter of 19. 6 nm. High speed centrifugal test indicated PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The result of the influential factor tests showed PTX-SMEDDS was unstable to high temperature and light. In the accelerated tests for 6 months, the quality of PTX-SMEDDS was stable. The samples should be sealed and stored at low temperature and shady place. Conclusion Easily prepared and stable formulation of PTX-SMEDDS is achieved, and further investigation is warranted to develop self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for injection.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the effect of ribosomal protein S7 on apoptosis of HeLa cervical cancer cells.Methods The previously constructed recombinant plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-RPS7 was transfected into HeLa cells,the empty vector pIRES2-EGFP transfected cells as control.Enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP)expressing cells were quantified by flow cytometry,and RPS7 protein level was also determined by Western blotting.Cell apoptosis of both RPS7 over-expression cells and knockdown cells were evaluated by flow cytometry after staining using allophycocyanin labeled Annexin-V.Results Apoptotic cell level in the obtained RPS7 transient over-expression HeLa cells was significantly higher than that of vector con-trol cells [(1 0.00 ±0.60)% vs (5.73 ±0.61 )%],with a statistic difference (t =8.63,P =0.001 ). Moreover,the apoptotic level in RPS7 knockdown cells was lower than that in control cells [(3.08 ± 0.49)% vs (5.97 ±0.63)%],with a statistic difference (t =6.40,P =0.003).Conclusion Up-regula-tion of RPS7 may promote apoptosis,while down-regulation of RPS7 may inhibit apoptosis of HeLa cells,indi-cating that RPS7 may play roles in regulating cell apoptosis.

AIM: To optimize the formulation in the preparation of the Breviscapine Liposomes. METHODS: Using film evaporation-extrusion method to prepare Breviscapine Liposomes according to the uniform design,a optimum formulation was established by determining the entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug. RESULTS: The entrapment efficiency and the ratio of loading drug of Breviscapine Liposomes prepared with cholesterol and lecithin were determined to be 69.60% and 29.06%,respectively.The average diameter is 105.6 nm. CONCLUSION: The application of the uniform design is useful to achieve a large entrapment efficiency and ratio of loading drug.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of small cell carcinoma of bladder (SCCB) in order to improve the understanding of it.Methods The pathological and clinical data of 5 cases of SCCB were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were male,aged 50 to 78 years (mean age,64 years).Clinical manifestations of 4 cases were gross hematuria,the other case was found by health examination.Ultrasonography results of 3 cases were medium echo tumors,the other 2 cases were hypoecho tumors.The diameter of the tumor was 2.1 to 4.0 cm (mean,3.0 cm).There were 3 patients accepted CT scan.One of them was found of hydronephrosis and multiple pelvic lymph nodes.All patients accepted diagnostic TURBT.Three of them accepted postoperative chemotherapy (1 cycle) without other surgery.Two patients accepted radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy (3 cycles) after bladder tumor biopsy.Results Pathological findings showed that tumor cells were small,round and sheet in arrangement.These hyperchromatic nuclei showed limited cytoplasm with lack of nesting character.Neuron specific enolase,chromogranin A and synaptophysin were positive in immunohistochemistry.The final diagnosis was SCCB'.Two of the three patients who accepted TURBT with postoperative chemotherapy died 7 and 8 months postoperatively,the other one was alive for 32 months.Another two patients who accepted radical cystectomy with postoperative chemotherapy were alive for 16 and 26 months.Conclusions SCCB is a rare tumor which has high malignancy and poor prognosis.Radical cystectomy in combination with postoperative chemotherapy is the main treatment.Retained bladder surgery with chemotherapy is an alternative choice.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)or cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients in order to provide reference for clinic.Methods The clinical data of 202 female cases in-patients diagnosed with SLE (SLE group)from January 2012 to May 2015 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Meanwhile,203 cases including female renal transplant donors,obstetrics and gyne-cology in-patients selected randomly were enrolled as control group.The infection rate between SLE and control groups was analyzed and compared based on the results of EBV-DNA and CMV-DNA in peripheral blood quantified by real time PCR. Results The positive rate of EBV-DNA in SLE group was 11.39% (23/202),with significantly statistical difference when comparing with the control group [3.45% (6/174)](χ2 = 8.28,P < 0.01).The positive rate of CMV-DNA [7.92% (16/202)]was significantly higher than that in control group [1.97% (4/203)](χ2 =7.64,P <0.05).In addition,the positive rate of EBV-DNA and CMV-DNA was also greatly higher in reproductive-age (20~45 years old)of SLE patients than those in control group,10.94%(14/128)vs 3.45%(4/116)(χ2 =4.99,P <0.05)and 7.75%(10/129)vs 2.22%(3/135)(χ2 =4.31,P <0.05),respectively.Conclusion SLE patients were more inclined to be accompanying infected by EBV or CMV, indicating the possible correlation between SLE and EBV or CMV infection;and physicians should pay more attention to the viral infection of SLE in clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors for survival in patients with urinary tract small cell carcinoma (UT-SCC).Methods A total of 25 patients treated from June 2000 to December 2014 were included in the retrospective study.The data included age, gender, primary tumors origins, stage, treatment modalities, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), pathology and immunohistochemistry.Of these cases, 22 were male, and the other was female, whose age was 45-79 years (mean age 67).20 cases small cell carcinoma of bladder patients and 2 small cell carcinoma of prostate cancer patients were included.The number of small cell carcinoma in pelvis,ureter and retroperitoneal was 1 respectively.The patients with small cell carcinoma of the urinary tract were classified as disease and extensive disease.17 bladder small cell carcinomas were limited disease and 3 cases were extensive disease;Prostate small cell carcinomas were both extensive disease;The small cell carcinomas in pelvis, ureter were limited disease;The small cell carcinoma in retroperitoneal was extensive disease.10 bladder small cell carcinomas which were limited disease received radical cystectomy.6 of 10 patients received etoposide and cisplatnum (EC).4 of 10 patients received gemcitabine and cisplatnum (GC).7 bladder small cell carcinomas patients who with limited disease refused to receive radical cystectomy in which 2 patients received TURBT and 5 patients received TURBT followed chemotherapy.Both prostate small cell carcinomas received chemoradiotherapy.2 small cell carcinomas in upper urinary tract (pelvis and ureter) received radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection.The patient of retroperitoneal small cell carcinoma received percutaneous nephrostomy after biopsy.The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients are analyzed;the influence of TURBT with adjuvant chemotherapy and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed in median PFS and OS.PFS and OS were compared between groups as a function of time, using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and the log-rank significance test.All statistical tests were two-sided, and P values ＜ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results 25 patients with a pathologic confirmation of UT-SCC,either by biopsy or surgery,were finally included.These patients were classified as pure UT-SCC (14) and Mixed UT-SCC (11).Mixed UT-SCC was defined as tumors containing both SCC and non-SCC components,regardless of the proportion of the latter.13 cases were strongly positive and 3 cases were weakly positive in neuron specific enolase (NSE) level.8 cases were strongly positive and 2 cases were weakly positive in CgA level.Patients with limited disease experienced a significant longer PFS and OS compared with extensive disease subjects (PFS 13.2 vs.7.8 x2=13.53 P＜0.01;OS27.2 vs.12.7x2=19.88 P＜0.01).Patients with bladder SCC showed a significantly higher median PFS and OS compared with patients with SCC of other parts of urinary tract (PFS 12.8 vs.8.2 x2 =12.00, P =0.001;OS 26.3 vs.13.2 x2 =14.45,P ＜0.01) .The two different chemotherapy regimens (GC and EC) have no influence on survival (PFS: 16.3 vs.12.5,x2 =3.34, P =0.07;OS 29.5 vs.22.8, x2 =1.66, P =0.198).TURBT followed by adjuvant therapy have no influence on survival (PFS 14.5 vs.12.0 t =1.30 P =0.251;OS 24.5 vs.28.4 t =0.50,P =0.636).Conclusions The primary tumors origins and stage may have influence on survival in patients with UT-SCC.Patients with bladder small cell carcinoma and limited disease experienced a longer survival.