Objective To analyze the common causes leading to lung infection following renal transplantation and provide targeted preventive measures to reduce the incidence of lung infection.Methods The clinical data of 561 recipients who underwent renal transplantation from January 2006 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The recipients were divided into two groups:group Ⅰ,from January 2006 to December 2009 (n =416) ; group Ⅱ,from January 2010 to February 2011 (n =145).The causes possibly leading to lung infection which took place 3 days before the appearance of the clinical symptoms were offered by the patients who suffered lung infection of group Ⅰ.And then the causes were summarized and analyzed to formulate the specific and comprehensive measures to prevent the infection.Finally the measures were applied to recipients in group Ⅱ from January 2010.After applying the measures for 14 months,the incidence of lung infection in group Ⅱ was counted and compared with that in group Ⅰ to see the preventive effect.Results There were 58 cases of lung infection in group Ⅰ (58/416,13.9％) and 12 cases in group Ⅱ (12/145,8.3％). There was significant difference in the incidence of lung infection between two groups (x2 =4.0361,P＜0.05).All of the recipients with lung infection were hospitalized in six months after the transplantation.The causes leading to lung infection of 58 cases in group Ⅰ were as follows:6 cases due to being excessively tired,3 cases due to guest visiting,12 cases due to abrupt change of weather,9 cases due to exposure to public place,8 cases due to returning to hospital,6 cases due to close contact with children,5 cases due to close contact with animals,and the other 9 cases without specific causes found.Conclusion The incidence of lung infection following renal transplantation can be notably reduced by the application of targeted and concrete health propaganda education and preventive measures based on analysis on the specific causes of infection.

Cytology in China developed from nothing and underwent a long journey from gynecologic cytology to that of all organs, laying a solid foundation for new developments in the 21st century. Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was primarily developed in an endocrinology department and then in the clinical laboratory department or pathology department in the 1970–80s. Wrights staining is popular in endocrine and clinical laboratory departments, while hematoxylin and eosin staining is common in pathology. Liquid based cytology is not common in thyroid FNA cytology, while BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis has been the most popular molecular test. The history and practice of thyroid FNA practice in China were reviewed based on retrospective study of the practice in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; China* ; Endocrinology ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies* ; Thyroid Gland*

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and histopathologic features of post-transplant kidney biopsy tissues from pediatric C-III donors.

METHODSThe clinical and pathologic features of 20 cases (22 case-times) of renal transplant biopsies from pediatric cadaveric donors were analyzed by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry according to the Banff system of working classification of renal allograft pathology. Biopsies were compared to those from adult C-III donors and adult cadaveric donors.

RESULTSSixteen cases (72.7%) showed renal allograft drug toxicity damage by Tacrolimus, seven cases (31.8%) showed degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, four cases (18.2%) showed T cell-mediated acute rejection and six cases (27.3%) showed renal interstitial inflammation. There were two cases (9.1%) of renal dysplasia and one case (4.5%) of renal infarction. There was insufficient evidence for diagnosis of renal allograft nephropathy. Compared to post-transplant kidney from adult C-III donors, the proportion of drug toxicity damage was higher (P<0.05). Compared to post-transplant kidney from adult cadavers, the proportions of drug toxicity damage, degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were higher (P<0.05) while the proportion of acute rejection was lower (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe pathologic changes in the post-transplant kidneys from pediatric donors are different from those from adult donors. Optimal long-term outcome can be accomplished by effective treatment based on timely or procedural biopsy.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Biopsy ; Cadaver ; Child ; Graft Rejection ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; adverse effects ; Infarction ; pathology ; Kidney ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney Tubules ; drug effects ; pathology ; Necrosis ; Tacrolimus ; adverse effects ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of occupational stress on the oxidation/antioxidant capacity in nurses.

METHODSA total of 131 nurses were included as study subjects. The occupational health information collection system (based on the Internet of things) was used for measurement of occupational stress. Levels of hydroxyl free radicals and antioxidant enzymes were determined.

RESULTSThe serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was the highest in nurses under the age of 30 and the lowest in those over 45 (P < 0.05). The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and peroxidase (POD) were the highest in nurses of working age less than 5 years, followed by those of 5-15 years, and nurses with more than 25 years' working experience showed the lowest GSH-Px and POD levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nurses with a university (college) degree had a higher GSH-Px level and a lower POD level compared with those with junior and senior high school degrees (P < 0.05). Job prospects and job control were positive occupational stress factors for SOD. Job hazards were negative occupational stress factors for POD. Psychological satisfaction was negative occupational stress reaction for hydroxyl free radicals. Calmness was positive occupational stress reaction for SOD, and daily stress was a negative one. The positive occupational stress reactions for GSH-Px were psychological satisfaction and job satisfaction, and daily stress was negative reaction.

CONCLUSIONNurses with higher occupational stress have stronger oxidation and weaker antioxidant capacity, which intensifies oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and leads to oxidative stress damage.

Adult ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Nurses ; psychology ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; blood ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of occupational stress on serum monoamine neurotransmitters in nurses.

METHODSA total of 131 nurses were included as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling. The occupational health information collection system (based on the Internet of things) was used to measure occupational stress. Serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were also measured.

RESULTSEpinephrine (E) was negatively correlated with superior support (P < 0.05) and colleague support (P < 0.05). Negative correlation was also found between dopamine (DA) and job prospect (P < 0.05). Level of 5-hydroxytryptamine was negatively correlated with promotion opportunities (P < 0.05). Norepinephrine (NE), E, and DA were all negatively correlated with work satisfaction (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with daily stress (P < 0.01). NE and E were negatively correlated with sufficient confidence (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with physical complaints (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between NE and psychological satisfaction (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOccupational stress in nurses is correlated with serum monoamine neurotransmitters, and it may affect serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters to a certain extent.

Adult ; Biogenic Monoamines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; blood ; Nurses ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Organ shortage is one of the important factors restricting the development of human organ transplantation. The identification and referral of potential donors determine the total scale of organ donation. Whether potential donors can be identified and referred is the most important reason for the difference of organ donation rates in different regions. This paper interprets the chapter of the identification and referral of potential donors in the Guide to the Quality and Safety of Organs for Transplantation (6th edition) issued by European Union in order to provide reference for the staff of organ procurement organization and related medical personnel in China and improve the organ donation rate in China.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of the maintenance for the liver and kidney function by extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in brain death donor with severe hemodynamic instability.Methods Ninety-nine brain death donors maintained by ECMO were followed up.The criteria for using the ECMO to protect the organ function were as follow:cardiopulmonary resuscitation history (cardiac compression ＞ 20 min);mean arterial pressure (MAP),for Adult ＜60-70 mmHg,for child ＜50-60 mmHg,and for infant ＜40-50 mmHg;cardiac index ＜2 L/(m2 ·min) (3 h);Large doses of vasoactive drugs,for doparnine 20μg/(kg·min),for (norepinephrine) epinephrine 1.0 μg/(kg· min) (3 h),and for oliguria ＜0.5 mL/(kg · h);blood biochemical indexes,moderate,severe impairment on acute hepatic and renal function;others,ST-T significant changes in electrocardiogram,and difficult to correct the metabolic acidosis (3 h).The organs were evaluated during their retrieval and as well their evolution after transplantation was evaluated.Results ECMO allowed for the maintenance of hemodynamic stability before organ procurement.A total of 99 cases receiving ECMO maintenance were collected,equal to100 ％ of the total donation cases (100％).198 kidneys,and 99 livers were procured from these donors meanwhile 15 kidneys and 42 livers respectively were discarded as theywere shown in a macroscopic evaluation.177 of the procured kidneys were transplanted.DGF of kidney transplantation was observed in 20.9％of the cases.Acute rejection incidence was 12.99％.Transplanted kidneys and recipient survival rate was 96.1％/99.3％ for one year,94.7％/97.8％ for 3 years,and 93.6/97.8％ for 4 years,respectively.There was no significant difference in patient or graft survival between the group with ECMO and the group without ECMO.Conclusion ECMO in the brain dead donors with severe circulatory dysfunction allows to avoid organ donors loss and obtain good quality kidneys and livers with excellent graft survival after transplantation.

Objective By analyzing the perioperative management in our hospital to explore the clinical effect and safety of single kidney transplantation from deceased juveniles' donors.Methods We retrospectively analyze 86 cases of kidney transplantations from deceased juveniles' donors in our hospital from 2007 December to 2015 August.Results The success rate of the operations was 100％.The postoperative complications occurred as fellows:7 cases of acute rejection (8.14％);10 cases of drug intoxication (11.62％);21 cases of DGF (24.44％),4 cases of leakage of urine (4.65％),7 cases of lung infection (8.14％).Two cases (2.32％) died after the operation because of serious lung infection,and by corresponding treatment 47 cases recovered after 2-4 weeks.The creatinine level in 37 cases without any complications was 131.88 ± 44.20 μmol/L during discharge.Conclusion With strict selection,the organ from a deceased juvenile donor is safe and practicable.