Objective To study the changes of urodynamics of middle-aged(35-55 years old)female patients with urinary incontinence and improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Analyze and compare the urodynamics between 56 cases of middle-aged female patients with urinary incontinence and 17 cases of normal control.Results Among the 56 patients,33 cases with stress incontinence(SUI group 58.93％),9 cases with urgency urinary incontinence(UUI group 16.07％),14 cases with mixed urinary incontinence(SUI/UUI group 25.00％).There was significant difference on maximum flow rate(Qmax[27.72 ± 5.21]ml/s vs[20.45 ±7.15]ml/s,P ＜0.05)between the SUI group and control group.The beginning of a sense of capacity(FS),normal urination feeling(ND),strong feeling of urination(SD)and urgent urination feeling(UD)were (135.65 ± 42.73)ml,(166.24 ± 51.42)ml,(315.75 ±42.34)ml,(320.24 ± 45.03)ml and(132.70 ±40.65)ml,(160.70 ± 50.44)ml,(320.75 ± 42.34)ml,(335.75 ± 51.98)ml in the UUI group and control group respectively.And there were significant differences on the four indexes between UUI group and control group(P ＜ 0.05).There was significant difference on ALPP([62.29 ± 25.40]cm H2O vs[88.30 ± 28.54]cm H2O,P ＜0.05)between the SUI group and SUI/UUI group.Pressure at maximum flow rate(Pdet-Qmax,[24.29 ± 6.24]cm H2O vs[34.45 ± 8.20]cm H2 O,maximum urethral pressure(M UP([68.20 ± 18.27]cm H2O vs[87.14 ± 17.26]cm H2O)and maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP([74.24 ±35.75]cm H2O vs[90.66 ±30.10]cm H2O)in SUI group were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜0.05)Conclusion There were large groups of middle-aged female urinary incontinence in patients and the classification is more complex.It shows important guiding significance for diagnosis and selecting proper treatments by detecting urodynamic.

Objective To explore the mechanism of the influence on mice brain of environmental tobacco smoke. Methods After the mice were placed into the bench for 8 weeks, the region of the mice brain was localized and the expression of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters receptors were detected by immunohistochernistry.Results ( 1 ) The expression of GABA in the mice cerebral cortex ( CC ) ( 0. 25 ± 0. 06 ) and the hippocampus (Hip) (0. 19 ± 0. 07 ) were much higher in the ETS-exposed group than that in the control group(P＜ 0. 05 ). (2)The expression of nAChR on CC(0. 31 ±0. 10) was much more in the ETS-exposed group than that in control group(P＜0.05). (3) The expression of NMDAR( Glu receptors) on the CC and striate cortex were much higher in the ETS-exposed group(0.32 ±0. 10,0.38 ±0. 14), NIC-inhaling group(0.31 ±0. 08,0.31 ± 0. 11 ) than that in control group(P＜0. 05 ). Conclusions Long-term ETS-exposed and NiC-exposed environment could change the expression of neurotransmitter and its receptors.

Most researchers consider that high exposure to heavy metals can result in hemorrhagic gastritis,hepatonecrosis,cancer,even death.There are many routes for heavy metals to get into human body,for instance absorption by gastrointestinal tract,cutaneous absorption etc.In this paper,the author reviewed the recent researches on brain function damage induced by heavy metals via olfactory pathway.Some heavy metals have especial affinity with brain tissue and cause functional disorder and death of nerve cells,and the mechanisms were discussed in detail.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between nurse occupational stress and salivary alpha- amylase (SAA).

METHODSEvaluation of occupational stress was conducted in 131 nurses. The activity of SAA was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe activity of SAA in nurses varied with age and working years. The baseline, work period, recovery, average activities of >35 age group were less than those of ≤ 30 age group; work period, recovery, average activities of ≤ 10 years group were higher than other two groups; there was no statistical difference between SAA vitalities of different degree groups (P>0.05). In nurses with high scores for job demands, the activity of SAA in working period was significantly higher than that in nurses with low scores (P < 0.05). The baseline SAA activity in nurses with high scores for role conflict and ambiguity was significantly higherthan thatin nurses with low scores (P < 0.05). The baseline SAAactivity was positively correlated with workload, role conflict, and role ambiguity (P < 0.05). The activity of SAA in working period was negatively correlated with task control, decision control, and technology utilization (P < 0.05), and was positively correlated with quantitative load, load change, work monotony, and workload (P < 0.05). The activity of SAA in recovery period was negatively correlated with task control, decision control, resource control, and technology utilization (P < 0.01). The average activity of SAA was negatively correlated with task control, decision control, resource control, technology utilization, opportunity for participating in decision-making, and promotion (P < 0.05), and was positively correlated with quantitative load, load change, workload, and role ambiguity (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe occupational stress in 131 nurses is correlated with the activity of SAA, which can be used as an objective biomarker for identification and evaluation of occupational stress.

Biomarkers ; Humans ; Nurses ; psychology ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Salivary alpha-Amylases ; analysis ; Stress, Psychological ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Work ; Workload