cerebral small vessel disease refers to the small vessel lesion and the resulting changes in the cerebral tissue.Both the small vessels detected by cerebrovascular reserve and the lesion of cerebral small vessel disease are in the same segment,so we can take advantage of cerebrovascular reserve as means to inspect and evaluate the small vessel lesion itself.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to arterial stiffness detection,but the relation between arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular disease has not been fully elucidated.This article reviews the detective methods of arterial stiffness and its relationship between the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke (including asymptomatic cerebral infarction) and cerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: To study the mechanism of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback. Methods: The EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded dynamically during the course of EMG biofeedback. Changes of EMG amplitude and frequency during EMG biofeedback were assessed with linear analysis. We also applied the nonlinear analysis, approximate entropy (ApEn) of EMG signals and Cross Approximate entropy (Cross-ApEn) between EMG and EEG signals, to assess regularities in EMG and correlation between EMG and EEG. Results: With the processing of EMG biofeedback, the maximum, minimum and mean amplitude of EMG signals decreased significantly (F=3.85~25.59,P

Objective To investigate the correlation of lacune of presumed vascular origin and microalbu-minuria in elderly inpatients. Methods 237 elderly patients (184 males and 53 females) at Guangzhou First People's Hospitalwho aged from 70 to 94 years old with a median age of 83.92 ± 5.32 were included in this study. We collected data on age,gender,medical history,smoking history,renal function test,blood lipid test,C-reactive protein,microalbuminuria,cerebral MR. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze all the data. Based on the MR findings ,the patients were divided into two groups:a group with lacune of presumed vascular origin (132 patients)and a control group(105 patients). Results The group with lacune of presumed vascular origin had higher mean systolic blood pressure than the control group. Median MAU was higher in the groupwith lacune of presumed vascular origin.Single factor or multiple factors logistic regression showed that increased systolic blood pressure and positive rates of MAU and MAU were independent risk factors for lacune of presumed vascular origin and were also significantly associated with the severity of lacune of presumed vascular origin. Conclusion Microalbuminuria is significantly associated with lacune of presumed vascular origin in elderly patients.

Objective To explore the value cerebral blood flow in prediction of motor recovery of stroke patients. Methods After evaluating the cerebral blood flow velocities of bilateral middle cerebral arteries with TCD during passive elbow movement, 68 patients with cerebral infarction were treated by rehabilitation therapy. The motor function of upper limbs was evaluated with Fugl Meyer before and after 6,12 weeks of treatment. The patients were divided into groups A and B according to the Fugl Meyer scales score of the paralytic upper limb at 12 weeks and the changes of cerebral blood velocities were compared between the two groups. Results The score of upper limb motor function were not different between group B and A before the treatment, but the score of group B was significantly higher than that of group A ( P

Objective To probe into the treatment effect of Sibelium to hypertensive cerebral vascular lesion and its mechanism.Methods After preparing the model of renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR), we observed the changes of the arterial blood pressure, the cerebral blood velocity, and the pathology of cerebral vascular with treatment of Sibelium. Results The arterial blood pressure of the rats taking medicine 2 to 4 weeks later was lower obviously than RHR of no taking medicine at the same stage, The pathological changes of basal cerebral arteries in the rats were milder than RHR of no taking medicine after treating 4 to 6 weeks. These effects may keep 2 to 4 weeks.Conclusion At early stage of hypertension,Sibelium can reduce the arterial blood pressure of RHR, and stop the progress of cerebral vascular lesion.

Objective To study the induction of dihydroartemisinin(DHA) on prostate cancer PC-3 apoptosis and its possible mechansim.Methods MTT was employed for cellular viability measurement,flow cytometry(FCM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) for observation of apoptosis,and immunocytochemical staining(SP) for analyzing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in PC-3 cells treated with DHA of different concentration.Results DHA Significantly inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 cells,induced their apotosis in a time-concentration dependent manner,and led to mitochondrial swelling,nuclear fragmentations and apoptosis body formation,down-expression of Bcl-2 protein,and over-expression of Bax protein correspondence with DHA concentration.Conclusion DHA could induce the apoptosis in PC-3 cells by up-regulating Bax protein and down-regulating Bcl-2 protein.

BACKGROUND: Critical closing pressure (CCP) is recently thought to play a key role in cerebral blood flow autoregulation as an effective downstream pressure of cerebral circulation and can objectively reflect the cerebrovascular tone, namely the vascular smooth muscle contraction and diastole, which is subjected to dynamic modulation.OBJECTIVE: To dynamically assess the hypertension-induced damage of the contraction function of cerebral microvascular smooth muscles and its correlation with morphological changes based on CCP evaluation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING: Institute of Neural Science of Second Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical College and Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yet-san University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Physiological Science of Sun Yet-san University between July 2002 and August 2003. Totally 160 health male SD rats were randomized into control group and hypertension group with 80 rats in each group. METHODS: Stroke-prone renovas cular hyp ortonsive rats were established in rats of the hypertension group by bilateral renal artery occlusion with two clips. The rats in the control group were not subjected to the occlusion with other treatments identical to those of the hypertension group. At the time points of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after operation, respectively, 10 rats were randomly selected from each of the two groups for determination of arterial pressure and CCP. After the measurements the frontal-parietal lobe was obtained from the anaesthetized rats and cut into slices for quantitative analysis of the morphological changes in cerebral microvessels.different postoperative time points.mean arterial pressure in hypertension group obviously increased from the 6th postoperative week with significant difference from that of the control after operation to a level significantly higher than that of the control group at postoperative 14 and 16 weeks [(63.75±7.43) vs (37.28±3.68) mm Hg and (67.37±15.57) vs (38.39t7.41) mm Hg, respectively, P ＜ 0.05].significance from that of the control group at the 8th postoperative week (Paverage arterial pressure and cerebral arteriole tunica media (r=0.906 93,0.811 36, respectively, P ＜ 0.05). The changes in CCP was more obvious in the early and advanced stages of blood pressure elevation, but not so manifest during obvious blood pressure increment, displaying an inverted S-shaped curve of changes (R2=0.996 2, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Contraction of the cerebrovascular smooth muscles is enhanced with the dynamic increment of arterial pressure after the development of hypertension. Vascular tone increase is more manifest during the early and advanced stages of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:To presume the structures and determine the contents of two metabolites of omeprazole in human urine after extraction and purification.METHODS:24 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive single oral dose of 40mg omepazole capsules,whose urinary samples collected within 12 hours after administration were extracted and concentrated with diethyl ether,and separated by HPLC.The relative purified metabolites were detected by mass spectrum,the structures of which were presumed and the contents were computed.RESULTS: The isolated 2 metabolites of omeprazole were presumed to be pyridine 5'— or 3'— methyl oxidation-generated hydroxy sulfone metabolite and 5'—methy hydroxylation thioether metabolite in pyridine ring,and the contents of which were 96.54% and 97.26%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The metabolites of omeprazole isolated from urinary samples by the method mentioned above were of high purity.

AIM:To study the effect of hypertensive arteriosclerosis on cerebral blood flow autoregulation (CBFA), and to introduce a new method to measure the lower limit. METHODS:The blood velocities and blood pressure was recorded simultaneously and the curves of CBFA were analyzed and classified into classical and non-classical pattern. The lower limit were determined by clinical closing pressure (CCP) and the curve CBFA. RESULTS:When the blood pressure was decreasing, the classical and non-classical pattern of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation were 25% and 75% respectively in normal SD rats, while they were 40.55% and 54.45% respectively in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR). However, when the blood pressure was elevating, the classical and non-classical pattern were 76.47% and 23.53% respectively in SD rats, while they were all classical in RHR. Furthermore, in SD and RHR ras, the lower limits measured by CCP were well in accordance with that measured by CBFA. CONCLUSION:Hypertensive arteriosclerosis could influence the limits and the patterns of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. The lower limit of CBFA can be measured and analyzed by CCP.