Objective To determine the value of detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis or recurrence. Methods Reviewed the related literatures, the methods and significances of the detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood were analyzed. Results Currently, there are mainly two methods, hematogenous dissemination cell detection and HCC specific mRNA biomarker detection, for detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood. Theoretically, although they are considered as early detections of HCC metastasis or recurrence, researches still not have a abroad agreeable conclusion from different studies. After adjusting and improving the methods and detection time, different studies also have not gotten a quite consistent conclusion. Conclusion There is a great significance in detection of HCC micrometastasis in peripheral blood to understanding the mechanisms of HCC metatasis and recurrence, and also to improving the clinical therapy. Theoretically and practically, the method should be improved for facilitating the mechanism research of HCC metastasis and recurrence, and the application of detection.

Objective To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes between laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymph dissection for advanced gastric cancer.Methods Clinical studies that compared clinical outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer were searched from PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,Cochrane Library,WanFang,CNKI,CMCC and VIP database with the Gastric neoplasms Laparoscopy Gastrectomy Long-term outcomes Meta-analysis between Jan.2002 and Oct.2016.Data of long-term survival and recurrence were analyzed by using of RevMan 5.2 software.Survival data were present by the odds ratio(OR) and 95％ CI.The heterogeneity of the data was analyzed using the I2 test.Results Fifteen studies including 4,053 cases were enrolled.There were 2,091 patients in LG group and 1,962 patients in the open gastrectomy group.There was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival rate(OR =1.00,95％ CI:0.83-1.20,P =0.98),5-year overall survival rate (OR =1.14,95％ CI:0.95-1.36,P =0.15),5-year disease-free survival rate(OR =1.13,95％ CI:0.93 ～ 1.39,P =0.22)and cancer recurrence rate (OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.79 ～ 1.18,P =0.71)between the patients treated with laparoscopic gastrectomy,or open gastrectomy (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymph dissection for advanced gastric cancer has similar long-term outcomes as compared to open gastrectomy.

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ATP-binding cassette B1 (ABCB1),ATP-binding cassette C2 (ABCC2) and solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1 B1) genes with high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-induced toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods This study was designed as a casecontrol.From September of 2005 to December of 2011,the blood samples were randomly collected from 142ALL patients from Nanjing Children's Hospital,Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to measure the plasma concentration of MTX,Seven SNPs in ABCB1 (rs1045642,rs2032582,rs1128503),ABCC2 (rs717620,rs2273697) and SLCO1 B1 (rs4149081,rs11045879) genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR).Results A significantly increased risk of MTX-induced toxicity was observed in patients with MTX elimination delay (OR ＝ 2.828,95％ CI:1.217-6.571,P ＜ 0.05).Two SNPs in SLCO1B1,rs4149081 and rs11045879 were linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other (R2 =0.979,P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals with SLCO1B1 rs4149081 AA genotype or SLCO1B1 rs11045879 CC genotype showed increased incidence of MTX elimination delay (OR =4.41,95％ CI:1.537-12.654,P =0.042),and the two genotypes were also associated with significantly increased risk of MTX-induced toxicity (OR =4.118,95％ CI:1.135-14.944,P =0.022).No association of MTX elimination delay or MTX-induced toxicity with the other SNPs analyzed was found.Conclusions SLCO1B1 rs4149081 AA or SLCO1B1 rs11045879 CC genotypes might be a risk factor for the susceptibility to MTX-induced toxicity in children with ALL.

The microfluidic channels integrated with microring resonator were designed. The salt coalescence on chip surface caused by liquid volatilization in open environment was avoided and only 30 μL of reaction solution was consumed. These channels significantly reduced the experiment cost. The design, fabrication and characterization of a highly sensitive and label-free silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microring optical resonator integrated with the microfluidic channels were demonstrated. The radius of the microring was 5 μm and the straight waveguide with a width of 450 nm was employed in the microring resonator. The microring resonator device had many advantages such as high sensitivity, label-free and real-time detection. Using different concentrations of ethanol solution with known refractive indices, the refractive index detection sensitivity was 76.09 nm/RIU and the volume refractive index detection limit was 5.25×10Symbolm_4 RIU. We also demonstrated the label-free quantitative specific detections of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) solutions using an antibody-modified microring resonator by measuring the resonance wavelength shift resulting from refraction index changes causing by the immobilization of antibodies and specific recognition between antibodies and antigens, respectively. The results showed that the microring optical resonator could real-time monitor the reaction between biological molecules, the resonator could be used in the quantitative detection and biological sensing.

Objective To investigate the role of Rho/Rho kinase -associated cell migration of hepatic carcinoma cell line and inhibition of tumor cell invasion by Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Methods Western blot was used to estimate the expression of Rho protein in the cells. After treatment of SMMC7721 cell with Y-27632, cell biological behaviors such as colony-forming efficiency, adhesiveness, cell motility, in vitro invasiveness, metastatic potential were observed. Results The ability of Y-27632 treated SMMC7721 cells to invade the reconstituted basement membrane decreased significantly ( P

Hydrogen evolution from water electrolysis is one of the effective ways to obtain clean hydrogen energy in the future. Pt-based materials are the efficient catalysts in hydrogen evolution reaction, but it is expensive, difficult to recycle, which impedes its application in the development of hydrogen energy and economy. Therefore, it is the key trend to develop efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts with the aim of providing cost-competitive hydrogen energy. In this review, we highlighted the recent research efforts toward the synthesis of noble metal-free electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction ( HER) , mainly focusing on nanomaterial catalysts supported on carbon fiber materials. We reviewed several important kinds of heterogeneous non-noble metal electrocatalysts, including sulfides, selenides, carbides, phosphides, and oxides. In the discussion, emphasis was given to the synthetic methods of these HER electrocatalysts, and the strategies for performance improvement. In addition, this paper also briefly summarized the application of carbon fiber material as substrate in the field of electroanalytical chemistry.

Objective To investigate the role and the mechanism of Apr-1 gene on cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell lines proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Methods Apr-1 gene was transfected into QBC939 cells by using liposomes to establish a QBC939 cell model ( QBC939-Apr-1 ) stably expressing Apr-1 gene. Apr-1 mRNA expression and the changes in cell cycle and cell growth of QBC939 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR, flow cytometry ( FCM ) and growth curve before and after transfection. The regulatory effect of Apr-1 gene on the expression of cell cycle-related genes was investigated in QBC939 cells before and after Apr-1 transfection using cell cycle gene microarrays. Results Significant suppression of cell growth was observed with the cell model stably expressing Apr-1 gene. Apr-1 over-expression caused cell arrest from 9% to 13% (P ＜0. 01 ) increase in G2 population. Cell cycle gene microarrays demonstrated that the expression of Skp2 、UBE1 was up-regulated, while the expression of MRE11A 、CKS2 、CDK8 、CDC45 was down-regulated by more than 3 folds. Conclusions Apr-1 gene suppresses QBC939 cell proliferation in vitro, QBC939 cells presented with differences in the expression of cell cycle-related genes after Apr-1 gene transfection.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.With the improvement of living condition and peoples' life-span,the incidence rate of colorectal cancer has been ascending year by year.In developed countries and developed district of China,colorectal cancer has become the second common malignant tumor.More than one million people were diagnosed as with colorectal cancer,and 500,000 of them died yearly.Colorectal cancer is one of the most common reasons of the death of cancer patients.With the development of molecular targeted agents research,the therapeutic effects for colorectal cancer patients have been improved,and the current status and prospect of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer patients were introduced in this review.

Objective This study was to compare surgical safety and oncologic adequacy of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) versus open gastrectomy (OG) for advanced gastric cancer.Methods 120 consecutive AGC patients undergoing LAG with D2 lymph node dissection between September 2005 to December 2009 were compared with 120 AGC patients undergoing OG during the same period.In each group,50 underwent distal gastrectomy,70 for total gastrectomy.Results There was no conversion to open surgery in LAG.The operative time was significantly longer in LAG than OG [(307 ± 84) min vs.(203 ± 52) min,t'=11.556,P ＜ 0.01].The estimated blood loss was significantly less in LAG group than OG group [(258 ± 78) ml vs.(318 ± 89) ml,t =5.550,P ＜ 0.01].The number of lymph nodes retrieved was(17 ±11) in LAG,(16 ±10)in OG (t =0.723,P＞0.05).All margins were tumor free in both groups.9 patients had the postoperative complication in LAG,8 patients in OG (P ＞ 0.05).Length of postoperative stay was significantly shorter in LAG than OG [(10.6 + 4.7) vs.(14.3 ± 2.9) days,t' =7.339,P ＜0.01].There was no mortality in both groups.The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate were comparable (47.6％ in LAG vs.42.8％ in OG,x2 =0.577,P ＞ 0.05) between the two groups.Conclusions This study suggested that laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy is safe and feasible in terms of surgical outcome and oncologic adequacy for advanced gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the influences of the functional polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 isozymes 2A6 (CYP2A6),2B6 (CYP2B6),2C9 (CYP2C9),and 2C19 (CYP2C19) on plasma concentration of sodium valproate.Methods A total of 131 Chinese children with epilepsy receiving sodium valproate after a period of more than 5 half-time were recruited.The genotypes of CYP2A6 were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and the genotypes of CYP2B6,CYP2C9,and CYP2C19 were detected by PCR-ligase detection reaction.Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique was used to measure the plasma concentration of sodium valproate.The association between the polymorphisms and the plasma concentration of sodium valproate were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or Student' s t-test.Results Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the genotyping results of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 (G1:extensive metabolizers in both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19; G2:CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizers; G3:CYP2C19 poor metabolizers; G4:CYP2C9 poor metabolizers),the mean normalized steady-state sodium valproate concentrations were significantly higher in G3 (3.70 ± 0.95) and G4 (4.35 ± 1.48) patients when compared to those in G 1 (2.57 ± 1.30,t =3.056,4.490,both P ＜ 0.01) and G2 (2.76 ± 1.19,t =2.827,4.462,both P ＜ 0.01) patients.The daily doses (mg/d) of sodium valproate received by G3 (19.46 ± 5.20) and G4 (19.30 ±7.67) patients were significantly lower than that of G1 patients(24.10 ±6.97,t =2.359,2.297,both P ＜ 0.05).There were no differences in daily doses or normalized steady-state concentrations of sodium valproate among the CYP2A6* 4 or CYP2B6* 6 genotypic groups.Conclusions The CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms have dramatic effects on the plasma concentration of sodium valproate.The daily doses of sodium valproate in G3 and G4 patients should be lower than usual.