Objective To obtain anamorphosis of Shiraia bambusicola producing the component,hypocrellin A effectively.Methods A strain was isolated from the fruit of S.bambusicola by separating its hypha and was cultured by solid-state fermentation.One of the pure chemical compounds isolated from the stroma of wild S.bambusicola was studied on the basis of UV/VIS,IR,MS spectrometric analysis and physicochemical constants.Results The pigment is proved to be hypocrellin A.The isolate was determined as the stable anamorphosis strain 0258 of S.bambusicola.Conclusion A namorphosis strain of S.bambusicola is obtained and precisely appraised for the first time.This study will provide basis for the future massively industrialized hypocrellin production.

Aim To investigate the effect of intrathecal injection of fluorocitrate(Fc)on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)injection in rats.Methods The mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured before and after CFA or Fc treatment.The changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and OX-42(a microglial marker)expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn were evaluated by immunohistochemistry analysis.Results Rats with CFA-induced arthritis showed mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia,which was correlated with the increased GFAP and OX-42 expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Intrathecal injection of Fc markedly suppressed CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia.Fc significantly attenuated the activation of GFAP and OX-42 in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Conclusions The glia activation in spinal cord is closely related to the progress of CFA-induced peripheral hyperalgesia.Fc may exert antihyperalgesic effect by inhibiting the activation of astrocyte and microglia.

Objective To investigate the effect of propentofylline on nerve growth factor (NGF) and IL-1βrelease from rat cerebral cortical astrocytes. Methods Primary cultured rat astrocytes from SD rats (1-3 d,weighing 6-8 g) after 4 passages were randomly divided into 8 groups ( n = 6 wells each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ the astrocytes were exposed to propentofylline 10, 100 and 1000 μmol/L respectively (group P1, P2, P3 ); group Ⅴ the astrocytes were exposed to LPS 1 μg/ml and group Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ the astrocytes were exposed to propentofylline 10, 100 and 1000 μmol/L in addition to LPS 1 μg/ml (group P1 + LPS, P2 + LPS,P3 + LPS). The astrocytes were then incubated for 3 days in all 8 groups. The concentrations of IL-1β and NGF in the supernatant were detected at 1 and 3 days of incubation using ELISA. Results LPS activated astrocytes resulting in decrease in NGF release and increase in IL-1β release. Propentofylline significantly increased NGF release and decreased IL-1β release from astrocytes incubated alone or with LPS by suppressing activation of astrocytes. Conclusion Propentofylline can enhance NGF release and inhibit IL-1β release from rat cerebral cortical astrocytes.

OBJECTIVETo develop a spectral assay for determination of pachyman sulfate (PS) in rat plasma and to study the pharmacokinetics after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations of PS.

METHODThe spectral probe azur A (AA) was used to measure the concentration of PS in rat plasma, since AA could combine the sulfate groups in PS molecules and consequently induced the color change in solution. The optimal wavelengths, concentrations of plasma and AA in reaction system were determined by spectral scanning and serial tests. The plasma PS concentrations were measured at different time after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations at the dosage of 60 and 20 mg x kg(-1), respectively.

RESULTThe optimal detecting wavelength was 620 nm. The maximum concentration of plasma and the optimal concentration of AA were 1.25% and 8.24 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) in reaction system, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0-10 mg x L(-1) with a correlation coefficiency of 0.995 9. The mean recovery was 100. 55%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-group and inter-group were all less than 5%. After intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations, the corresponding elimination half-lives were 319.09 min and 204.85 min, respectively. The elimination of PS in blood matched the open model of one compartment and first-order elimination. The bioavailability of PS via intraperitoneal injection was 69.12%.

CONCLUSIONThe spectral probe AA was convenience, sensitive, accurate and steady to use for measuring the concentration of PS in the blood of rats; this made the research work of PS-pharmacokinetics easy and concise.

Animals ; Glucans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Poria ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry ; methods

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocytes in the spinal cord in the development of inflammatory pain (IP) in rats. Methods Adult male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were used in this experiment. A catheter was implanted in the subarachnoid space according to the method described by Yang. Animals with abnormal motor function of the hindlimb after intrathecal (IT) catheter implantation were excluded. IP was induced by subcutaneous (sc) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) 50 μl at the lateral side of the ankle joint of the right hindpaw. Sixty-five rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 13 each): group I IP control normal saline (NS) 50μl was injected sc instead of CFA; group II IP; group IE PC (IT) + IP control fluorinated citric acid (FC, a gliocyte metabolism inhibitor) 1 nmol/10μl was injected IT at 15 min before NS 50 μl sc injection; group IV NS (IT) + IP and group V FC (IT) + IP. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured 2 d before induction of IP (T_0, baseline) .before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 26 h (T_(1-9)) after sc NS or CFA injection. Five enimals in each group were killed at T_5 (8 h after sc NS/CFA injection) and the lumbar segment (L_(4,5)) was removed for determination of glial fibrillary acidic protein ( CFAP) and OX-42 expression by immuno-histochemistry. Results In group Ⅱ and Ⅳ sc CFA significantly decreased MWT and TWL. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgegia induced by sc CFA was significantly suppressed by intrathecal FC in group V . IP significantly increased GFAP and OX-42 expression in the spinal cord. Intrathecal FC significantly attenuated IP-induced up-regulation of GFAP and OX-42 expression in the spinal cord. Conclusion The activation of gliocytes in the spinal cord is involved in the development of CFA-induced hyperalgesia in rats.

Objective To evaluate the etiology and clinical features of jejunoileum bleeding.Methods Seventy-two patients admitted in 7 hospitals of Shangdong province for jejunoileum bleeding from January 1998 to December 2008 were enrolled in the study. There were 46 males and 26 females with mean age of 47 years (ranged 13-85 years). The jejunoileum bleeding was confirmed by means of endoscopy, images or surgery. The causes, diagnostic methods and major clinical manifestations were retrospectively analyzed. Results The most frequent cause of jejunoileum bleeding was tumor (42/72,58.3 %), followed by enteritis (9/72, 12.5 %), diverticulum ( 7/72, 9. 7%), angiopathy (7/72,9.7%), Crohn's disease (3/72,4.2%). Differences were significant in constituent ratio of cause of jejunoileum hemorrhage between male and female and between jejunum and ileum (P＜0.05).Hematochezia or hematochezia with abdominal pain was the first presentation. The jejunoileum bleeding in 54. 2% patients was diagnosed by laparotomy, 23. 6% by capsule endoscopy, 9.7% by selective angiography, 6.9% by small bowel series and enteroclysis, 2.8% by colonoscopy and 2.8% by push enteroscopy. The complications of jejunoileum bleeding were anemia, intestinal obstruction,peritoneal metastasis, shock, ankylenteron and intestinal perforation. Conclusions Intestinal tumor is the most common cause in jejunoileum bleeding, especially in jejunum. Whereas the enteritis,diverticulum and angiopathy were often found in ileum. The capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy are recommended in diagnosis of jejunoileum bleeding.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most devastating human malignancies. The poor clinical outcome in PDAC is partly attributed to a growth-permissive tumor microenvironment. In the PDAC microenvironment, the stroma is characterized by the development of extensive fibrosis, with stromal components outnumbering pancreatic cancer cells. Each of the components within the stroma has a distinct role in conferring chemoresistance to PDAC, and intrinsic chemoresistance has further worsened this pessimistic prognosis. The nucleoside analog gemcitabine (GEM) is usually the recommended first-line chemotherapeutic agent for PDAC patients and is given alone or in combination with other agents. The mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to GEM are an active area of ongoing research. This review highlights the important role the complex structure of stroma in PDAC plays in the intrinsic resistance to GEM and discusses whether antistroma therapy improves the efficacy of GEM. The addition of antistroma therapy combined with GEM is expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy with significant survival benefits for PDAC patients.

Objective    To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) after endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) and analyze the influencing factors. Methods    A total of 243 patients (118 males and 125 females, with an average age of 21.99±6.31 years) with PPH who were successfully treated with ETS (only T3 level thoracic sympathicotomy) in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the QOL scores before and after ETS. By establishing a linear regression model of gender, age, body mass index, compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) and palm dryness, and the relationship between the changes of the QOL scores and various factors was studied. Results    The total QOL score after surgery was higher than that before surgery (63.01±4.58 vs. 48.11±1.95, P<0.05). Compared with the negative group of CH, the QOL score decreased by 4.662 in the postoperative CH patients. For every grade of CH severity increasing, the QOL score decreased by 3.449. Compared with the negative group, the QOL scores decreased by 1.804 and 2.400 respectively for every grade of CH severity increasing in the patients with postoperative chest and back CH. Conclusion    ETS can not only improve the symptoms of abnormal palmar hyperhidrosis, but also significantly improve the QOL. Severe chest and back CH is an important factor affecting the QOL of patients.