AIM: To investigate the comparison of different types of catheter treatment of anastomotic ring canalicular effect.
METHODS:Retrospective analysis. A total of 114 cases 114 eyes were randomly selected between May 2013 to May 2015 jointly admitted to Huizhou Huizhou City People's Hospital and the Central People's Hospital of canalicular patients in accordance with the agreement of the annular catheterization divided into three groups, group A of annular nasal lacrimal duct catheterization in 36 eyes, group B for the whole nasal lacrimal annular catheterization in 33 eyes, group C between the upper annular tears point catheterization 45 eyes. Through the A, B, C three groups after 1, 3wk, 1, 3mo and 1y follow-up were analyzed to compare.
RESULTS:Group A of 31 eyes were cured, improved in 2 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 91. 7%;group B, 27 cases were cured, improved in 3 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 90. 9%;group C, 40 cases were cured, improved in 2 eyes, 3 eyes, the effective rate was 93. 3%. A, B, C three groups efficiency pointless difference (P=0. 124). Eye Effect: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=36. 578; P=0.002), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively( 3. 5±0. 8 ) and ( 2. 3±0. 7 ); comparison meaningless difference between group a and group B( t=0. 086, P>0. 05 ); Group A and C and comparison of differences between group C and group B have the significance ( t = 15. 241, t = 17. 472; P<0. 05 ). Nasal influence: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=778. 581;P=0. 001), the highest score in group B, group C minimum scores were(6. 6±0.8) and ( 0. 9 ± 0. 7 ); A, B, C three groups comparison of differences twenty-two have significance(t=17. 262; t=18.247; t = 16. 647; P<0. 05). Shape Effect: A, B, C difference among the three groups of meaningful ( F=481. 113;P=0. 002), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively(5. 8±0. 9) and(1. 2±0.6);Compare the difference between Groups B and C meaningless ( t = 0. 087, P > 0. 05 ); comparing the differences between the Groups A and B and between Group A and C were significance(t=26. 362, t=27. 532; P<0. 05 ). Unplug risk: A, B, C meaningful difference among the three groups(F=751. 121;P=0. 003), Group A scored the highest score of a minimum group C, respectively(6. 5±0. 7 ) and ( 1. 5±0. 7 ); A, B, C three groups comparison of differences twenty - two have significance(t=19. 642; t=20. 153; t=18. 345; P<0. 05). Group A had 8 patients had lower eyelid eversion, 5 cases of inferior lacrimal point expansion, 13 cases of sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose syndrome. Group B had 20 cases of varying degrees of now sneezing, itchy nose, runny nose syndrome. Group C had no serious complications.
CONCLUSION: Similar to A, B, C three groups of treatment efficacy, patient lacrimal functional recovery is safe and effective, which the group C treatment, during treatment and less material and fewer postoperative complications in patients, it is worth promotion.

This article dealed with the effects of processing method and duration on the major bioactive components (sinigrin and sinapine thiocyanate) in Brassica juncea. The contents of sinigrin and sinapine thiocyanate in decoctions of raw and processed B. juncea were determined and compared by high performance liquid chromatography on a Alltima C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) at 35 degrees C with the acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid as the mobile phrase in gradient elution. The detection wavelength of sinigrin and sinapine thiocyanate was set at 227 nm and 326 nm, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). It was found that with the extended processing duration, the contents of sinigrin and sinapine thiocyanate first increased and then decreased: i.e., 0-2 minutes they increased gradually (for sinigrin, by 9.65% in processed products and 356. 10% in powder; for sinapine thiocyanate, by 12.82% in processed products and 3.41% in powder), and achieved their highest content at 2 min; then, decreased during the next 5 minutes (for sinigrin, by 80.35% in processed products and 82.09% in powder; for sinapine thiocyanate, by 14.29% in processed products and 17.54% in powder), suggesting that processing duration could significantly affect the contents of bioactive components in B. juncea, enzymatic hydrolysis of sinigrin when the seed is crushed in the present of moisture may be responsible for the content change. It is recommended that the slow fire should be the best processing method and the raw seed could be used directly in the water extracts related industrial production.
Brassica ; chemistry ; Choline ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosinolates ; chemistry ; Powders ; chemistry ; Thiocyanates ; chemistry

The chromatographic fingerprint was established by eluting with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid water on an Agilent TC-C18 (2) column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Six chromatographic peaks were identified by HPLC-MS/MS method. Ten batches of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle were determined, and the similarity was arranged from 0.72 to 0.99. Good precision, stability and repeatability were obtained, and this study provides a reference for the quality control of Glycyrrhizea Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Soil water is one of the most important components in hydrological cycle. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in soil water have been increasingly used in the ecological, environment and hydrological research. In view of different techniques for extracting soil water, there is significant difference in theδD andδ18 O composition. This paper presents a method for analyzing hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in soil water by using elemental analyzer and isotope ratio mass spectrometry with accelerated solvent extraction for sample pretreatment. The conditions are: extraction solvent: dichloromethane, temperature: 100 ℃, pressure of 10. 3 MPa, static time:10 min. The samples were extracted three times, and with cycle values of four, four and three, respectively. Comparing with the added water, the deuterium and oxygen isotope values in the extracted soil water enrich 2. 12‰-4. 58‰ and 0. 17‰-0. 93‰, respectively. The reproducibility of replicate extractions of soil water is around ±0. 89‰ for δD and ±0. 37‰ for δ18 O.

Objective To analyze the drug resistance profile and risk factors for extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients. Methods XDR-TB cases were identified by sixteen anti-TB drug susceptibility kits among inpatients with a diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis. Single-factor and Logistic analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for drug resistant of the first and second-line anti-TB drugs in XDR-TB patients. Results Resistant rate of rifampin, isoniazid and rifampicin were 100%, Resistant rate of streptomycin, rifampicin and dean, b sulfur isoniazid, levofloxacin and capreomycin were from 90% to 100%, resistant rate of kanamycin and amino salicylic acid were from 70% to 80%, resistant rate of amikacin from 60% to 70%, resistant rate of sulfur isoniazid was from 50% to 60%, resistant rate of ethambutol and moxifloxacin were from 40% to 50%, resistant rate of clarithromycin was from 10% to 20%, resistant rate of clofazimine 5.2%. 92.1% of XDR-TB patients were resistant to more than 10 anti-TB drugs, and the least of the patients were resistant to 6 anti-TB drugs.Logistic regression analysis showed the risk factors for XDR-TB first-and second-line anti-tb drugs included age ［20-40 year (OR=6.318, 95% CI:1.204-33.15, P=0.029;40-60 year (OR=4.772, 95% CI:0.973-23.392, P=0.054); 60 year (OR=41.366, 95% CI:2.909-588.265, P=0.006)］and anti-TB treatment history was retreatment(OR=28.013, 95% CI:3.357-233.766, P=0.002). Conclusions XDR-TB patients have serious drug resistance, but there were some drug treatable drug resistance types, and the risk factors mainly come from age and anti-TB treatment history.

Objective To investigate the effects of low frequency ultrasound (LFU) on the proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis(CA).Methods CA models were established in 30 New Zealand rabbits using a high fat diet and air-drying.They were randomly divided into a control group and four LFU groups:group A received 0.5 W/cm~2 LFU for 5 min/d,group B 0.5 W/cm~2 for 10 min/d, group C 1 W/cm~2,5 min/d,and group D 1 W/cm~2,10 min/d.The rabbits' carotid arteries were autopsied after 20 d of the LFU treatment.The expression of PCNA and TUNEL staining were used to explore the proliferation and apopto- sis of SMCs,and the proliferation rates (PRs) and apoptosis rates (ARs) were calculated.Results Compared with the control group,the PRs in groups B,C and D were significantly lower,while the ARs in groups B,C and D were significantly higher.There was no significant difference in ARs or PRs among groups B,C and D.Con- clusion LFU can induce SMC apoptosis and inhibit SMC proliferation in rabbits with CA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of neurofilament contents in rat's spinal cord induced by 2, 5-hexanedione (2, 5-HD), and explore the molecular mechanism of n-hexane neuropathy.

METHODSMale Wistar rats were administered at a dosage of 400 mg/kg/day 2, 5-HD for 2, 4 and 8 weeks respectively. HD-induced neurological defects were detected and quantified using gait score, and the relative lev-els of NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L in spinal cords of rats were determined by Western Blotting.

RESULTSExposure to 2, 5-HD produced progressive gait abnormalities, which suggested that the rat model of 2, 5-HD-induced neurotoxicity was established successfully. Western-Blotting results showed that NFs content in spinal cord demonstrated a progressive decline as the intoxication continued. In the supernatant fraction, compared to the controls, NF-H con-tent decreased by 15.7%, 57.0%, and 58.0% respectively after 2, 4, and 8-week treatment with 2, 5-HD (P < 0.01); accordingly, NF-M decreased by 36.0%, 61.3%, and 65.2% respectively (P < 0.01); NF-L decreased by 20.8%, 43.9%, and 44.3% respectively (P < 0.01). In the pellet fraction, the contents of NF-H in groups of 4 and 8 weeks' exposure to HD decreased by 35.6% and 43.2%, respectively (P < 0.01), and those of NF-L decreased by 26.4% and 42.1%, respectively (P < 0.01) when compared to the control. Further-more, NF-M contents in groups of 2, 4 and 8 weeks' exposure decreased by 23.3%, 33.9%, and 63.7% respectively (P < 0.01). The NFs level in spinal cords was highly correlated with gait abnormality of treated rats as the intoxication went on. Multiple correlation coefficients of NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L content with gait score of HD-treated rat were 0.8912, 0.9282 and 0.8981 (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe declines of NFs are high-ly related to neurobehavioral abnormality of 2, 5-HD-treated animals, and involved in the development of n-hexane neuropathy.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gait ; drug effects ; Hexanones ; toxicity ; Male ; Neurofilament Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To assess the clinical application of contrast-enhanced MR angiography using three-dimensional(3D)time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics(CE-MRA 3D-TRICKS).Methods TRICKS is a high temporal resolution(2—6s)MR angiographic technique using a short TR(2.8— 4.0 ms)and TE(0.9—1.3 ms),partial echo sampling and the central part of the k-space being updated more frequently than the peripheral part of the k-space.Pre-contrast mask 3D images are first acquired and 15--20 sequential 3D images following bolus injection of Gd-DTPA are then acquired.Results Thirty patients underwent contrast-enhanced MR angiography using TRICKS.Twelve vertebral arteries were well displayed on TRICKS.Seven of them showed normal,bilateral vertebral artery stenosis was shown in 1 case, and unilateral vertebral artery stenosis was shown in 4 wth aecompaning ipsilateral carotid artery bifurcation stenosis in one case.Bilateral renal artery showed normal in 4 cases,and the artery in transplanted kidney showed normal in one case and stenosis in another case.The cerebral artery showed normal in 2 cases, sagittal sinus thrombosis was detected in one case and intracranial arteriovenous malformation in one case. Pulmonary artery displayed normal in 3 cases,pulmonary artery thrombosis was seen in one case and pulmonary sequestration's abnormal feeding artery and draining vein was revealed in one case.The feeding artery in left lower limb fibrolipoma was showed in one case.The radial-ulnar artery artificial fistula stenosis was seen in one case,and left antebrachium hemangioma was showed in one case.Conclusion TRICKS can clearly delineate the whole body vascular system and can reveal any vascular abnormality.It is convenient and with high successful rate,which make it the first method of choice in displaying vascular abnormality.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of ti-cagrelor and clopidogrelin the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) after thrombolytic therapy.Methods A total of 130 ST -segment myocardial infarction (STEM) patients were randomly divided into control group (n=64) and treatment group ( n=66 ).The patients of control group were given clopi-dogrel 300 mg, maintenance dose 75 mg qd.The patients of treatment group were given ticagrelor 180 mg, maintenance dose 90 mg bid.All the patients of two groups received selective PCI successfully after 8-10 d treatment.The change of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ( TIMI ) flow grades after operation , left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) and left ventricular end -diastolic dimension ( LVEDD ) , the incidence of no-reflow/slow flow and adverse drug reactions after operation were compared between two groups.Results After operation, the TIMI flow grades and LVEF in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.01 ).After operation , the LVEDD in treatment group was lower than that in control group , with significant difference ( P<0.01 ).The incidences of no -reflow/slow flow in treatment group and control group were 3.03%and 14.06%respectively , there was statistically significant difference in two groups ( P<0.05 ).Only some minor bleeding events happened in the two groups , there was no statistically significant difference in two groups after operation 6 months ( P>0.05 ).Conclusion Ticagrelor could support better clinical efficacy than clopidogre in selective PCI after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction , which has a stronger anti -platelet aggregation function without increasing the incidence of bleeding events.

To study on the effects of Achyranthes bidentata on Tongsaimai pellets main active ingredients chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and glycyrrhizin in rats in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors, a method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, isoliquiritin, harpagoside and liquiritigenin in rat plasma was established by UPLC-MS/MS. The analysis was performed on a waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. It turned out that the analytes of Tongsaimai pellets groups C(max) and AUC(Q-infinity) values were higher than that with A. bidentata group, and the C(max) values of chlorogenic acid had significantly difference (P < 0.05), the AUC(0-infinity) values of chlorogenic acid and glycyrrhizin had significantly difference (P < 0.05); The T(max) and CL values of two groups had no significantly difference. Results showed that the established method was specific, rapid, accurate and sensitive for the studies of Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic, and A. bidentata have varying degrees of effects on Tongsaimai pellets four main active ingredients in rat in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chalcone ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chlorogenic Acid ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Male ; Pyrans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry