Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Risk Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

Objective To explore the prevention and treament of the complications for laparoscopic cholecys- teetomy(LC).Methods Clinical datas of 600 eases undergoing LC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Re- suits Among all the cases,249 cases were diagnosed as cholecystolithiasis,284 cases as gallbladder and 67 cases as chronic cholecystitis.The mean duration of operation was 42min.Conversions to open cholecystectomy were needed in 18 cases(3%).Complications took place in 6 cases(0.5%),involving 2 cases of abdominal bleeding and 1 case of bile leakage.There was no bile duct injury and death.Conclusion Strictly-controlled indications,skilled performance and timely open exploration are very important to prevent and reduce the complications.

The 11-hydroxylation of 16alpha,17alpha-epoxy-4-pregenene-3,20-dione as a useful intermediate for the preparation of hormones can be achieved by the mycelium of Absidia coerulea at higher conversion rate than using other strains. In this paper 16alpha,17alpha-epoxy-4-pregenene-3,20-dione mixed with a little water, beta-cyclodextrin, Tween-80 was introduced into the fermentation broth after ultrasonication to increase pseudo-water-solubility of the hydrophobic substrate. This pseudo-crystallo feed could avoid the toxicity of organic solvents and was more available for the microbial transformation. The multi layer feed-forward neural network was used to setup a model which indicated the relationship between medium and feed components and the conversion rate. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), which was a stochastic global optimization algorithm and of which the convergence speed was high, was applied to obtain the optimal concentration of the medium and feed components. At optimum conditions with the pseudo-crystallo feed, the conversion rate of 16alpha,17alpha-epoxy-4-pregenene-3,20-dione at an initial concentration of 10 g/L was 87.5% in shaking flasks. The conversion rate of the substrate was up to 86.6% at higher concentration of 20 g/L feed in a 3.7 L fermentor.
Absidia ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydroxylation ; Pregnenediones ; metabolism

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo develop a new vaccine expressing membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (mbHSP70) and further study its antitumor therapeutic effect.

METHODThe pre- established vector expressing mbHSP70 was transfected into CT26 cells of colorectal cancer. After the CT26 cells were incubated with 900 microg/ml G418, the sub-clones resistant to G418 were harvested and the HSP70 positive clones were selected by limiting dilution. The clones were amplified and inactivated, thereby the vaccine expressing mbHSP70 was prepared. Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by the vaccines, NK and CTL activity was observed. The antitumor efficacy of vaccine was observed in BALB/c mice model with colorectal cancer.

RESULTSThe laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that there existed much HSP70 on the vaccine membrane surface. The HSP70 gene-modified vaccine displayed augmented lymphocyte proliferation and higher NK and CTL activity in vitro,and marked tumor suppression and prolonged survival time of the vaccinated micein vivo, when compared with its counterpart. Furthermore, mbHSP70-expression vaccine elicited lymphocyte proliferation most intensively, generated the highest NK and CTL activity as well as the strongest antitumor effect, and prolonged survival time of the vaccinated mice.

CONCLUSIONA new vaccine expressing mbHSP70 has more potent antitumor immunity and better therapeutic efficacy than HSP70 gene-modified vaccine did.

Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Cell Membrane ; immunology ; metabolism ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; immunology ; Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; therapy ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel dual-modified vaccine, the superantigen-linked intestine-carcinoma cells expressing membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and further examine its anticancer therapeutic effect.

METHODSThe pre-established intestine carcinoma CT26 line expressing membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was amplified and incubated with superantigen fusion protein, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) fused with transmembrane sequence (SEA-TM), thereby the dual-modified vaccine was prepared after inactivation. The anticancer efficacy of the vaccine was examined.

RESULTSThe laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that there co-existed much HSP70 and SEA on the vaccine membrane surface. Both of the single-modified vaccines, the SEA-linked vaccine and membrane-bound-HSP70-expressing one, displayed marked tumor suppression, a prolonged survival period, augmented lymphocyte proliferation and higher NK and CTL activity in the vaccinated mice when compared with its counterpart. Furthermore, the dually modified vaccine induced lymphocyte proliferation most intensively, generated the highest NK and CTL activity as well as the strongest tumor rejection in the vaccinated mice. The survival period of the mice was further prolonged.

CONCLUSIONA new vaccine, SEA-linked and membrane-bound-HSP70-expressing intestine-carcinoma cells can induce more potent anticancer immunity and produce better therapeutic efficacy.

Animals ; Cancer Vaccines ; therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Enterotoxins ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Superantigens ; immunology ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of primary and middle school students in Hunan Province.

METHODSA total of 9 495 children aged 5-17 years from Hunan urban and rural schools were enrolled by a cluster sampling and a two-phase design. The students' psychiatric status was assessed using the Investigation Screening Inventory for Child Mental Disorder and a semi-structured interview designed based on the DSM-IV criteria.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 16.22%. Attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders were the commonest in the diagnostic categories of psychiatric disorders (10.69%). Regarding specific disorders, the most prevalent was attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (5.95%). Psychiatric disorders were more prevalent in boys than in girls (20.49% vs 11.16%; p<0.01). The prevalence of attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders in boys was higher than in girls (14.76% vs 5.87%; p<0.01). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in middle school students (12-17 years) was significantly higher than in primary students (5-11 years) (18.38% vs 14.64%; p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between urban and rural students.

CONCLUSIONSPsychiatric disorders are common among primary and middle school students in Hunan Province. The prevalence of this disorder in boys is higher than in girls. The middle school students have higher prevalence than primary students.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Sex Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate device implanted complications and corresponding therapeutic strategies of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system for lumbar spine intraoperatively and postoperatively.

METHODSFrom September 2008 to August 2010, 133 cases of degenerative disease of lumbar spine including 62 males and 71 females, ranging from 35 to 81 years of age (mean 60.8 years), underwent or planed to be underwent decompression with Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system were reviewed retrospectively, and 13 cases including 6 males and 7 females, ranging from 41 to 71 years of age (mean 58.6 years), occurred device implanted complications. The Coflex implanted complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies according to different character were carried out, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and effect-related data preoperatively, postoperatively, after conservative treatment and in final follow-up were evaluated with paired-samples t test.

RESULTSThirteen cases of Coflex implanted complications and treatment applied included: 3 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes intraoperatively were treated by pedicle screws instead; 2 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes postoperatively or during follow-up, including 1 case underwent revision with pedicle screws, another 1 case treated with conservative treatment; 4 cases with degenerative coronal spondylolysis in surgical segments, 1 case with sagittal instability preoperatively, and 1 case with device dislodgment in follow-up all suffered aggravated pain and received conservative treatment; 1 case suffered implanted malposition intraoperatively was underwent internal fixation with pedicle screws instead; at length, 1 case with aggravated pain postoperatively and without definite reason received revision with internal fixation of pedicle screws demolishing the Coflex. The follow-up time of 13 cases ranged from 20 to 38 months (mean 27.6 months); and 7 cases implanted Coflex with aggravated pain of lumbar and lower limb, but the position of device can still maintained, were received conservative treatment, and whose score of VAS and ODI in the final follow-up were 1.9 ± 0.7 and 23.2 ± 3.4, and comparing to 6.1 ± 1.1 and 58.1 ± 3.0 preoperatively, evident improvement was got finally (t = 8.2 and 18.2, P < 0.01). Scores of VAS and ODI of 2 cases with Coflex implanted complications underwent revision with pedicle screws were also improved correspondingly.

CONCLUSIONSCoflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system implanted should be avoided to cases who suffered with osteoporosis, too narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis or sagittal instability; and choice of device, depth of implantation and intensity of clumping should be appropriate. For patients with symptom but device still in right position, conservative treatment can be carried out; but for patients subjected to malposition of device, failure of implantation intraoperatively or intolerance to device, revisions and salvages should be underwent with internal fixation of pedicle screws.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; adverse effects ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To observe the state of endemic flurosis in Qinghai province in 2008 and to provide scientific basis for endemic flurosis control and prevention. Methods All the endemic fluorosis villages in Qinghai province was divided into slight,medium and heavy degree according to the water fluoride content before improving water,and 2,4,4 villages were collected from each degree,respectively. Water samples were collected from each direction of east,west,south,north and centre,and fluoride concentration were determined from each surveyed villages with unimproved-water. At the same time,3 copies of the peripheral water samples and a sample of source water were collected to determine fluoride concentration. In all the village children aged 8 to 12 were tested for dental fluorosis by Dean method. Six copies of the urinary fluoride were randomly sampled in different age groups. The fluorine content in urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode. The situation of clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was examined,and 20 adults in the villages of medium and heavy levels were filmed for skeletal fluorosis. Results The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 years old was 43.59% (245/562),that of skeletal flurosis of adults aged above 16 years was 50.32% (1582/3144) and detectable rate of X-ray was 29.45% (48/163). Fluoride content in urine was 1.52 mg/L. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis is still very serious in Qiaghai province in a rising trend,so the control measures need to be strengthen.

Objective To study the family rearing pattern of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)with or without anxiety disorder and to explore its risk factors.Methods 9495 children and their parents were sampled at random in Hunan province,using two-stage investigation.Those who were diagnosed ADHD and the normal control filled out Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran and family adaptability and cohesion scale bv themselves.Results The comparison of factors as:actual family cohesion,parents' punishments,reiection,mother's excessive protection,intervention and father's excessive protection were significantly difierent between ADHD with or without anxiety disorder and normal children(P＜0.05).The comparison of parents' punishments,reiection,excessive protection and intervention were obviously different between ADHD with anxiety disorder and simple ADHD(P＜0.05).Mother's reiection was the influencing factor of simple ADHD,with OR as 1.122.Ideal family cohesion,mother's rejection and father's punishments were the influencing factors of ADHD with anxiety disorder,with OR as 0.966.1.215 and 1.089 respectively.Conclusion There were some problems in the parental rearing pattern of ADHD with or without anxiety disorder.Mother's rejection,father's punishments and ideal family cohesion were suggested to be correlated with ADHD and anxiety disorder.