Gambogic acid-loaded polylacticacid nanoparticles (GA-PLA-NPs) were prepared by modified emulsification solvent diffusion. The shape of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).The size distribution and mean diameter were measured by laser particle size analyzer. The entrapment efficiency and content of drug loading were determined by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer after ultracentrifugation. GA-PLA-NPs release behavior in vitro was carried out. The acute toxicity were carried out to study the security of GA-PLA-NPs. The preparation process adapted to the formulation was as follows: the volume ratio of the aqueous and organic was 2∶1(v/v), the surfactant concentration in aqueous was 0.5%,the drug concentration in organic was 0.1%(w/v), GA∶PLA was 1∶4(w/w). The mean diameter was 51.36nm for the nanoparticles prepared by above conditions.The entrapment efficiency and content of drug loading were 98.87 % and 13.3 %. The release behavior of drug in vitro showed an initial burst effect with subsequently a slower rate stage. The LD50 value of GA-PLA-NPs on mouse was 26.3 mg/kg. The results showed that the GA-PLA-NPs were well prepared with stable quality and high dispersion. PLA-NPs might be used as a new carrier for gambogic acid.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of patel ar complications is decreasing, however, the necessity of patel ar replacement remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the incidence rate of anterior knee pain and postoperative pain score in total knee arthroplasty without the patel ar replacement and to provide a reference for the formulation of clinical operation scheme. METHODS:151 patients with 193 knees receiving total knee arthroplasty were involved in this study. Al the patients were treated with patel ar forming but not resurfacing of the patel a. The Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index and America Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were used to evaluate patients before surgery and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. The function of knee joint, the incidence rate of anterior knee pain and visual analogous scale score before and after operation were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 6 and 12 months of total knee arthroplasty, WOMAC osteoarthritis index was significantly lower and HSS score was significantly higher than those before surgery (P<0.05). At 12 months post-operation, the incidence rate of anterior knee pain was 11.3%, which was significantly lower than the preoperative rate (94.5%) (P<0.05). At 12 months post-surgery, visual analogous scale scores were also significantly lower than the preoperative score (P<0.05). Total knee replacement without resurfacing of the patel a can effectively improve knee joint function in knee osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients, ameliorate the symptoms of anterior knee pain, has a good clinical effect within short term post-operation. The middle-and long-term effects need further exploration.

Objective To observe the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) of boys and girls from 12 to14 years old in the urban areas and the suburbs of Beijing.Methods 613 middle school students were divided into the city group and the suburbs group, and whole body scanning was performed with dual energy X-ray bone densitometer.Results The values of BMD of the boys and girls in the urban areas were significantly higher than that in the suburbs (P

Objective To observe the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in young boys and girls from 6-19 years old in Beijing area. Methods 1 139 healthy young boys and girls undergoing whole body scanning with dual energy X-ray bone densitometer were divided into different groups according to sex and age. Results There were no significant difference in body height, weight, BMD and bone mineral contents (BMC) between boys and girls from 6 to 10 years old. The annual growth rates of body height, BMD, and BMC were the fastest in girls from 6 to 14 and boys from 6 to 16 years old, respectively. Thereafter, the annual growth rates of body height, BMD, and BMC didn't significantly increase in boys and girls. There were two fast-growth periods in BMD growth stage, being at 11 and 14 years old in girls, and at 12 and 15 years old in boys. The total body BMD was significantly correlated with the height in girls under 12 years (P

Objective To investigate the diagnositic value of uhrasonography in fetuses with persistent right umbilical vein.Methods Three cases of persistent right umbilical vein diagnosed in our hospital were analyzed,including the sonographic findings and clinical outcome.Results In all cases the fetal gallbladder was located between the intraabdominal umbilical vein and the stomach,the umbilical vein was connected to the right portal vein,and the portal vein curved toward the stomach.Other intracranial malformations were detected in one case,and the baby died after birth.No addional malformations were found in the other two babies,and both of them were healthy at the age of 6 months.Conclusions Persistent right umbilical vein has typical prenatal sonographic appearances.The neonatal prognosis is favorable when other anomalies are ruled out.It's clinically important for early diagnosis and genetics consultation.

19.6),normal group(BMI=14.2～19.6)and underheight group(BMI

To study the stimulation effect to the growth of Bifidobac te rium sp. A04, 4 kinds of oligosaccharide, 8 kinds of Chinese traditional medi cine and 4 kinds of food raw materials were used. The results indicates that so ya bean oligosaccharide is the most effective (P

Objective To search for the distinctive diagnostic features of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis in clinical manifestations with methods widely used clinically.Methods A retrospective study enrolled 33 Crohn's disease and 34 intestinal tuberculosis inpatients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 1996 to 2007.The clinical characteristics and key points of differential diagnosis were analyzed.All the pathological sections were studied again.Results The total duration of symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease was longer than that in patients with intestinal tuberculosis ( P < 0.05 ).The incidence of eolectomy is significantly higher in Crohn' s disease than in intestinal tuberculosis because of intestinal obstruction or undefined diagnosis ( P < 0.05 ).Hematochezia,extra-intestinal manifestation and ileus occurred significantly more in Crohn's disease than in intestinal tuberculosis( P < 0.05 ).Night sweating and hypoalbuminemia occurred significantly more in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease( P <0.05 ).The positive rate of serum antibodies to mycobacterium and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate is higher in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease(P < 0.05).Cobblestone sign and fissure-shape ulcers were only found in Crohn's disease,while circular ulcer occurred significantly more in intestinal tuberculosis( P <0.05).The involvement of stomach,jejunum or ileum was significantly more in Crohn's disease than in intestinal tuberculosis( P < 0.05 ).Granulomas were more common in intestinal tuberculosis than in Crohn's disease( P < 0.05 ) and the site of granulomas was valuable for differential diagnosis.In all the Crohn's disease specimens,lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria or submucosa were significantly more in surgically reseeted specimens than in endoscopic biopsies (P <0.05).Conclusions There are definitely some different features between the two diseases.It is essential to review the whole clinical data of the patient.The frequency of granulomas and the distribution of chronic inflammation are identified as histological parameters that can be used to differentiate tuberculosis and Crolm's disease.

Protective effect and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on acute reperfusion ventricular arrhthmia was investigated. Ventricular arrhythmia was induced by occlusion of the proximal left anterior descend (LAD) branch of coronary artery for 5 min and followed with 15 min reperfusion. EA on acupoint "Neiguan", "Jianshi" was performed at 30 min before ligation and continued another 5 min during ischemia. Isoprenaline (20, 30 and 50 microg/kg) or atropine (1 mg/ kg) was intravenously injected at 5 min before ischemia. The results showed that EA significantly decreased the incidence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF) and mortality as compared to I/R group. Atropine partially suppressed the EA's effect of antiarrhythmia; Isoprenaline increased the incidence and severity of reperfusion arrhythmia, which was inhibited by EA, but this inhibition of EA was blocked with increasing dose of isoprenaline. The results indicated that EA treatment could prevent the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmia in rats with myocardial ischemia, and its mechanism might be related to the regulation of EA on the beta-adrenoceptors and M-cholinergic receptor activation in myocardium.

Objective To evaluate the ultrasonic characteristics of nasal bone absence at 16-34 weeks of pregnancy referring to fetal chromosomal anomalies. Methods The ultrasonic findings of the 20 fetuses with nasal bone absence at second or third trimester in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed referring to chromosomal karyotyping and labor induction or birth outcomes. Results The ultrasound features of the 20 fetuses including:(1) There were 17 fetuses showed bilateral nasal bones absence. The sonographic features were absence of hyper echo of nasal bone underneath the skin on either sagittal or transverse section. There were 5 fetuses showed multiple abnormalities:Four fetuses showed cardiac abnormalities (three showed atrioventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect with abnormal great vessels). One fetus showed duodenal obstruction′double bulbs′. The other minor abnormalities including short femur and humerus, increasing echogenetic bowels, aberrant right subclavian artery, mild unilateral ventriculomegaly, mild renal pelvic ectasia, outreached tongue, abnormal gestures of hands. (2) There were 3 fetuses showed unilateral nasal bone absence. The sonographic features were absence of hyper echo of either nasal bone on transverse section but with hyper echo on sagittal section. Two fetuses showed cardiac abnormalities (one fetus showed atrioventricular septal defect, one showed ventricular septal defect). The other minor abnormalities including short femur and humerus, hyper echogenetic bowels, increasing thickness of nuchal translucency or nuchal fold. Twelve fetuses were induced labor but only one had biopsy showed accordant result with ultrasound. (3) Karyotyping results:there were 9 of trisomy 21, 1 of 4p-and 7 of normal karyotype fetuses showed bilateral nasal bone absence. There were 2 of trisomy 21 and 1 of normal karyotype fetuses showed unilateral nasal bone absence. (4) Birth outcomes and follow-up:twelve fetuses induced labor but only one fetus had biopsy. Eight fetuses were born until term and 5 fetuses showed normal in follow-up. The results of twelve fetuses showed concordant with ultrasonic ifndings. Conclusions Characteristics of the nasal bone absence are absence of bilateral or unilateral nasal bones. If we ifnd nasal bone absence in prenatally ultrasound screening, the karyotyping should be recommended in order to detect chromosomal abnormalities especially trisomy 21.