Objective To analyze the demand for home care service and its influential factors among elderly in Tianjin city.Methods A total of 254 residents aged 60 and above from Tianjin city were investigated with a self-designed questionnaireDemand for Home Care Service,Katz index of independence in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale.Results The mean score for home care service has been revealed (2.40±0.67),as the ranking demonstrated:public welfare (3.61±1.04),social participation (2.69±1.32),medical service (2.56±0.90),rights safeguard by law (2.37±1.54),mental need (2.26±0.99),and need for daily life care (1.73±0.69).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that income,education level,activity of daily living and the convenience degree of seeking treatment were major factors affecting demand for home care service among elderly,which explained 16.3％ of the variance.Conclusions Oriented by demand,further progress shall be achieved multidimensionally,under which circumstances,individualized service ought to be de-livered.Simultaneously,the vulnerable elderly groups require more attention.

Using information on the Emergency Department of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital-reconstructed in January of 2002-as primary data, the authors provide a general view of the model for the building, management and development of emergency departments in China in the 21" century. There are two aspects to the issue. One concerns the composition of the hardware architecture of the emergency department, including emergency medical service system(EMSS), modified layout and facilities, medico-technical departments with a complete range of functions, rational emergency medical service procedures as well as pie-hospital first aid and facilities for long-distance network medical treatment. The other concerns the composition of the software architecture of the emergency department, including the transformation of the employment system of emergency medical personnel, the change of emergency service concepts, the personnel performance and financial control of the emergency department, and the development of an emergency department culture.

Objective:To study the feasibility of 3-D reconstruction model in the observation of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) effected palatal organ development of fetal mouse.Methods:Kunming mice treated 40 ug/kg TCDD by lavage on day 12.5 of pregnancy were used as in the experimental group,isodose corn oil treated in the control group.On day 13.5,14.5 and 15.5 of pregnancy heads of the fetal mice were taken out and fixed.Conventional paraffin serial sections of palatal organ were preparated and dyed by hematoxylin-eosin,images of the palatal organs were collected and photoshop treated,3-D reconstruction of the palatal organ was performed by 3D-DOCTOR software.Results:3-D reconstruction images showed that palatal organs moved from on both sides above the tongue and gradually closed and merged in the control group.In the experimental group,the palatal organs moved from on both sides above the tongue was later than control group,gradually closed,but not merged,formed cleft palate.Conclusion:3D-DOCTOR software reconstruction can be used for the study of the development process effected by TCDD in the pregnant mouse.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the common test parameters in acute fever without obvious infection focus and sick appearance in children under 5 years.Methods The hospitalized children with fever duration less than 7 days, anal temperature higher than or equal to 38°C, age younger than or equal to 5 years, and without obvious infection focus and sick appearance were recruited, we investigated the diagnosis value of common test parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), the white blood cell count (WBC), and neutrophil percentage (N%) , according to the ifnal diagnostic.Results Of 228 children, 42 children (18.42%) had serious diseases, the difference of CRP, PCT between serious diseases group and non-serious diseases group were statistically signiifcant (P<0.001). The diagnostic cut-off point of CRP was 67.1 mg/L by speciifcity of 0.810 and sensitivity of 0.715, that of PCT was 0.505 ng/L by speciifcity 0.762 and sensitivity 0.672. The speciifcity and sensitivity combining CRP with PCT was respectively 0.918 and 0.617. Of 228 children, 32 children had viral infections, 40 children had bacterial infections, 15 children had mycoplasma infections. The difference of CRP, PCT, WBC, and N% among three groups were statistically signiifcant (P<0.01).The cut-off point of CRP was 38 mg/L by sensitivity 0.900 and spec-iifcity 0.813, that of PCT was 0.450 ng/L by sensitivity 0.700 and speciifcity 0.812, and the speciifcity and sensitivity combining CRP with PCT was respectively 0.965 and 0.630, to distinguish bacterial infections from viral infections. The diagnostic cut-off point of CRP was 80.75 mg/L by sensitivity 0.700 and speciifcity 0.933 distinguishing bacterial infections from mycoplasma infections.Conclusions The parameters CRP and PCT have the diagnostic value for the children with the acute fever and age younger than or equal to 5 years and without obvious infection focus and sick appearance in etiology and serious diseases, espe-cially the value of combining CRP with PCT is better.

Aged ; Chordoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology

【Objective】 To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for autismin children.【Methods】Subjecting tothe willing of the children s parents,80 children with autismwere equally dividedintotwo groups :group Areceived acupuncture mainly onthe ten groups of acupoints for autism,whichis founded by Professor Jinrui,qd,sixtimes per week,suspension of medication on Sunday,and 120 times constituting one treatment course;group Breceived physical therapy,cognitive training,behavioral analysis and correction,linguistic training,qd,4 hour for eachtime,sixtimes per week,suspension of medication on Sunday,and 120 times constituting one treatment course.After treatment,the therapeutic effect was evaluated with functional development scale in Chinese version of Children Psychoeducational Profile(C-PEP).【Results】After one treatment course,the scores of functional development were increasedin both of groups Aand B(P

Objective To investigate the effect of kangaroo mother care on children′s comfort with intramuscular injection. Methods One hundred children with an intramuscular injection were grouped according to the injection date. Those treated with injection on odd-numbers days were assigned as the intervention group , and those with injection on even-numbered days as the control group, with 50 cases in each group. The control group received routine care and the intervention group with kangaroo mother care. The two groups were compared in terms of comfort level. Result The comfort level of the observation group was higher than that of the control group with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Kangaroo mother care can improve the comfort level of children patients with intramuscular injection. It is a simple, safe and effective in non-pharmaceutical pain therapy.

BackgroundChondroitin sulfate(CS) is a highly viscous and elastic acid mucopolysaccharide extracted from animal soft tissues,with a wide range of biological activity for use in clinical ophthalmology.Interim preservation solution containing CS has a significant protective effect on corneal endothelial cells (CECs).However,the protective effect played by CS in long-term glycerol cryopreservation of CECs remains to be studied.Objective This study is mainly attempted to investigate the protective effect of CS on graft CECs after cryopreservation by glycerin,and to compare the preserving outcome with that of sodium hyaluronate (SH).MethodsOne hundred and four eyes of fifty-two female Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly.The cornea grafts were evenly anointed on the surface of the endothelium by 3％ CS and 1％ SH,respectively,and then cryopreserved in glycerol in the 3％ CS group and 1％ SH group,and the corneas cryopreserved only in glycerin were assigned to the glycerin only group.The fresh corneas of matched rats were used as the normal control group.Ninety-six female SD rats were appointed as recipients to receive allogeneic penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) 2 months after the graft cryopreservation.The viability of CECs on the corneas cryopreserved for 20 days and grafts of 14 days following surgery was assessed using trypan blue & alizarin red stain.The ultrastructure of cryopreserved corneas was examined under a transmission electron microscope.The rejection index (RI) and graft survival time were evaluated by inflammatory scoring under the slit lamp 1 day after operation,and regular pathological examination was performed after 7,14 or 30 days.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) in corneas and grafts were detected by immunochemistry.ResultsCECs morphology was normal in fresh cornea in normal control group,presenting no blue stained cells after trypan blue staining.In the 3％ CS group,few blue-stained cells were seen:however,the number of blue-stained cells noticeably increased in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group.The viability and density of CECs were significantly lower in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group,compared with the 3％ CS group (P＜0.05).Edema of the endoplasmic reticulum,inflammatory infiltration and neovascularization were more severe in the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group than the 3％ CS group 14 days after PKP.Compared with the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group,the R1 of the 3％ CS group was significantly reduced and the CECs survival time was delayed after PKP ( P＜0.05 ).Immunochemistry revealed that the expression of TGF-β1 in grafts (A value)was up-regulated and that of ICAM-1 was down-regulated in the 3％ CS group,compared with the 1％ SH group and glycerin only group ( P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe combination of 3％ CS with glycerol to cryopreserve corneal donor can maintain the viability of CECs for a longer duration and improve the effectiveness of PKP.

Objective To learn and evaluate the present prescriptions from outpatient departments of 21 public hospitals in Songjiang district,and to promote rational drug use.Methods A total of 75,600 outpatient prescriptions from 21 public hospitals in Songjing district were collected monthly from January 2008 to October 2010 and analyzed statistically using indexes for prescription evaluation.Results of the 75,600 prescriptions,the types of drugs in each prescription averaged 2.35,the ratio of antibiotics use and injection agents use were 35.77％ and 17.40％,respectively.The percentage of essential drugs without added profit accounted for 41.91％ of the total drug use,and the average drug cost per prescription was RMB 85.99.Comparison of indexes for prescription evaluation showed that the ratio of antibiotics use and injection agents use as well as the average cost per prescription in secondary hospitals were significantly higher that those in community health centers (P＜0.01),while the percentage of essential drugs without added profit and the average number of drugs in each prescription were statistically smaller than those in community health centers (P＜0.01).Conclusion Drug use in outpatient departments of 21 public hospitals was rational in general,especially noteworthy is the significant improvement made at community health centers in recent three years.

Objective: To construct a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector harboring human hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene and to express it in primarily cultured neurons in the hippocampus. Methods: Human HIF-1α gene was inserted into AAV vector plasmid pSNAV 2.0 to generate a recombinant plasmid pSNAV-HIF-1α, then pSNAV-HIF-1α was transfected into BHK-21 cells and selected by G418. The construction of rAAV-HIF-1α was achieved by infecting G418-resistant BHK-21 cells with recombinant herpes simplex virus. The recombinant rAAV-HIF-1α was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The titer of rAAV-HIF-1α was detected by dot-blot with digoxin labelled cytomegalovirus probe. The purity of rAAV-HIF-1α was detected by SDS-PAGE. The expression of HIF-1α protein was determined by Western blot. Results: PCR demonstrated that human HIF-1α gene was successfully inserted into rAAV-HIF-1α. The Virus titer was 1 × 1012/ml and the virus purity exceeded 98%. Western nblot analysis demonstrated that rAAV-HIF1α infected hippocampal neurons expressed HIF-1α protein. Conclusion: rAAV-HIF-1α has been successfully constructed and it is capable of expressing HIF-1α in cultured hippocampal neurons.