Pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia is one of the best understood disease among human hematological malignancies. Becasue of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide which directly target the oncogenic promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic receptor A (PML-RARα) fusion protein, this disease became the first model for oncogene-targeted therapies.And other new therapy methods also gain great concern. The complexity of recent views of acute promyelocytic leukemia pathogenesis, as well as latest progress in clinical treatment were summarized and discussed in this review.

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of Auto-PBSCT combined with long-time low-dose interleukin-2 (after transplant) for increasing the rate of 5-year disease-free survival of lymphoid malignancies (ALL and NHL).Methods:U- sing chemotherapy combined with low dose G-CSF to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells,we carried out auto-PBSCT in lymphoid malignancies (7 cases CR_1 ALL、1 case CR_2 ALL、3 cases CR_1 NHL、5 cases refractory NHL).After transplant, 15 cases used low dose interleukin-2 at 5.10~5U/d for one year or longer.Results:7 cases CR_1 ALL are still alive,the aver- age disease-free survival is 73 months.Median disease-free survival is 51.5 months.2 of 3 cases CR_1 NHL are still alive. The 6 years disease-free survival in 10 cases CR_1 lymphoid malignancies(CR_1 NHL and CR_1 ALL) is 0.90?0.11,the aver- age disease-free survival is 66.8 months.In another PR (refractory) group of NHL and ALL (CR_2),3 years disease-free survival was 0.33?0.18,and average survival time was 20.66 months,but a chemotherapy-sensitive NHL is still alive (63 months),a case of lymphoblast cell NHL also survived for 46 months and died after relapse.Conclusions:Auto-PBSCT combined with long-turm low dose IL-2(after transplant) could effectively increase the rate of 5-year disease-free survival in CR_1 lymphoid malignancies(ALL and NHL).

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease, and early graft dysfunction often occurs after surgery. Early liver dysfunction after liver transplantation has become one of the complications after liver transplantation, which seriously affects the graft and patient survival. Therefore, reducing its occurrence can be an important means to improve the prognosis of recipients after liver transplantation. This paper discusses the research progress on the definition, influencing factors, and prognosis and prediction model in order to provide better prevention and effective reference for improving the success rate and prognosis of early liver dysfunction in recipients after liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis and safety of ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) liver transplantation on type-O patients with acute severe liver disease,analyze and compare the effects and main complications between different donor blood types,and investigate corresponding treatment measures.Methods The clinical data of 65 cases of emergency orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for type-O patients with acute severe liver disease from January 2014 to January 2017,including 41 cases of ABO-compatible (ABO-C) OLT and 24 cases of ABO-incompatible OLT (7 with type-A donor,9 with type-B donor,and 8 with type-AB donor) were retrospective analyzed.Results The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in the ABO-incompatible group was 32.5±5.5,significantly higher in the ABO-compatible group (23.3±8.9) (P=0.001).The data of the other perioperative factors showed no statistically significant difference between two groups.The cumulative survival rate in the ABO-compatible group was 87.8 % (36/41),not significantly different from that in the ABO-incompatible group [87.5% (21/24),P=0.924].The 57 cases who had survived after perioperative period were followed up for 4-37 months (mean 18 months).Significantly higher incidence of hepatic artery and biliary complications was found in ABO-incompatible group (P=0.005,and P<0.001,respectively).The incidence of hepatic artery complication and biliary complication in ABO-incompatible group was 29.2% (7/24) and 37.5% (9/24),and that in ABO-compatible group was 4.9% (2/41) and 0 (0/41),respectively.The rate of acute rejection in the ABO-incompatible group and ABO-compatible group was 9.8% (4/41) and 4.2% (1/24) (P=0.463).The infection rate in the ABO-compatible group and ABO-incompatible group was 24.3% (10/41) and 29.2%(7/24),respectively (P=0.598).Conclusion The different donor blood types including ABO-compatible and ABO-incompatible liver transplantation program on type-O patients with acute severe liver disease have a favorable outcome.The long-term cumulative survival rate between two groups shows no significant difference.With the help of effective immunosuppression and intensive perioperative management,ABO-incompatible liver transplantation is an acceptable option to cure type-O patients with acute liver failure in emergency.The incidence of hepatic artery and biliary complications was lower in ABO-compatible group than in ABO-incompatible group.For the type-O patients with ABO-incompatible liver transplantation,the use of rituximab and plasma exchange to decrease the antibody titers of recipients is essential to prevent and cure the hepatic artery and biliary complications.