Objective To investigate the changes in molecule levels of Ras-ERK signal pathway of K562 cells treated with simvastatin in vitro,and to illustrate that simvastatin inducing the changes in molecule levels of Ras- ERK signal pathway is involved in regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells. Methods K562 cells,the chronic myelocytic leukemia(CML) cell lines,were cultured and treated with simvastatin in vitro and proliferation activity of K562 cells was detected by MTT. The changes of apoptosis rate and cell cycle of K562 cells were measured by flow cytometry(FCM). The molecular changes of Ras-ERK signal pathway were analyzed by RT- PCR in transcriptional level. Results The proliferation of K562 cells was inhibited by simvastatin,and G_0-G_1 arrested in K562 cells and significant apoptosis rate was observed with FCM. Most molecules of Ras- ERK signal pathway expressed differentially at transctiptional level. Conclusion Simvastatin probablely inhibit proliferation and induces apoptosis of K562 cells,depending on Ras-ERK signal pathway which is involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical distribution characteristics and the drug-resistance of AmpC-producing Enterobacter cloacae in ICU. METHODS Seventy-eight strains of E. cloacae were isolated in ICU from Jan 2005 to Jan 2006 and antimicrocal sensitivities were determined by K-B method. RESULTS Among 78 E. cloacal strains derived from the lower respiratory tract and wound secretion,32 (41.0%) were AmpC producing and were sensitive to imipenem (96.9%) and merapenem (93.8%). CONCLUSIONS AmpC-producing E. cloacae is one of the main pathgens of nosocomial infection in ICU,imipenem and merapenem are the first choice to treat the infection.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of human epididymis (HE4)in lung cancer.Methods 80 patients with lung cancer were the experimental group,30 patients with benign pulmonary disease were the benign control group,and 30 healthy people were healthy control group.The levels of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA),cytokeratin protein fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1),neuron specific enolase (NSE) and HE4 in serum were detected.Results The levels of CEA,NSE,CYFRA21-1 and HE4 in lung cancer patients were higher than those in both the benign control group and the healthy control group (P＜0.05).The areas (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC curve) were 0.870,0.818,0.746 and 0.897 for serum CEA,NSE,CYFRA21-1 and HE4 levels in diagnosis of lung cancer.The levels of CEA and HE4 were higher in patients with adenocarcinoma,the level of CYFRA21-1 was higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma,the level of NSE was higher in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (P＜0.05).The detections of CYFRA21-1 (AUC=1.000),CEA (AUC=0.727) and HE4 (AUC=0.622) in serum are favorable for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma,The detections of serum CEA (AUC=0.954) and HE4 (AUC=0.944) levels are favorable for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma,and the detections of NSE (AUC=0.876) was favorable for the diagnosis of SCLC (P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of CEA,NSE,CYFRA21-1 and HE4 in serum were abnormal in patients with lung cancer.The HE4 level in the patients was correlated with the pathological types and the metastasis of lung cancer.The detection of serum HE4 could be used in the diagnosis and evaluation of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the value of T-SPOT.TB test in diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy by comparing the T-SPOT.TB test, adenosine deaminase (ADA) of hydrothorax and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab). Methods 62 pleural effusion patients are included in the research , of which 32 cases have tuberculosis and 30 cases have no tuberculosis. All patients underwent T-SPOT.TB, pleural effusion ADA, and TB-Ab test. The results were compared with final clinical diagnosis for sensitivity and specificity evaluation. Results The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB, ADA, TB-Ab were 90.6%, 71.9% and 62.5% respectively. The specificity of T-SPOT. TB, ADA, TB-Ab were 90.0%, 83.3% and 86.7% respectively. The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB was the highest one among the three methods. The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB has statistically significant difference compared with TB-Ab (P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference compared with ADA (P > 0.05). Conclusions The T-SPOT.TB test had higher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy , and had important reference value in early diagnosis of patients with tuberculous pleurisy. The T-SPOT.TB and TB-Ab combination examination had a complementary effect.

FANCD2 is involved in DNA damage repair and maintenance of chromosome stability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of FANCD2 in sporadic breast cancer tissues and its association with clinicopathological features. A total of 162 Chinese women with invasive breast carcinoma who had no family history in first-degree relatives and 12 normal breast tissues were examined. The expression of FANCD2 was detected by immunohistochemical staining based on a tissue microarray technique. SAS system was used to analyze the data. Twenty-one out of the 162 invasive breast cancers (13%) were negative for FANCD2. The mean percentage of FANCD2 positive cells was significantly lower in breast cancers than in controls (P<0.05). FANCD2 expression was significantly inversely associated with histological grade and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not with axillary lymph node status or other conventional prognostic markers such as ER, PR, Her-2 and PCNA (P>0.05). It was suggested that FANCD2 may play a critical role in breast carcinogenesis. It may become a valuable and independent marker for identifying women with sporadic breast cancer and evaluating the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the differences of ADC values in breasts of women of different ages and different menstrual phases, so as to direct the choice of the examination time of MR DWI. MethodsThe breasts of 65 healthy volunteers were scanned with the routine MRI plain scan and DWI in the menstrual, proliferative and secretary phases. DWI was conducted with single shot echo planar imaging technique and b value were 0, 1000 s/mm2. The women were divided into three groups: Group 1(aged 20 to 29 years, 21 cases), Group 2 (aged 30 to 39, 21cases), and Group 3 (aged 40 to 49, 23 cases). The ADC values of all 130 breasts at nipple level in the different phases were measured. The ADC values in the three age groups and in the different menstrual phases were compared using ANOVA. Results The mean ADC values of Group 1 were (2.14±0.14) ×10-3, (2.03±0.18) ×10-3and (2.10±0.19)×10-3mm2/s for left breast, and (2.08±0.17) ×10-3, (2.02±0.16) ×10-3and (2.09±0.17) ×10-3mm2/s for right breast in the menstrual, proliferative and secretary phases. They were slightly higher than Group 3, which were (2.02±0.27) ×10-3, (1.97±0.25) ×10-3and (2.03±0.22)×10-3 mm2/s for left breast and (1.99±0.29) ×10-3, (1.93±0.26) ×10-3and (2.03±0.28)×10-3 mm2/s for right breast. The mean ADC values of Group 2 [left breast: (1.94±0.25) ×10-3, (1.91±0.21) ×10-3and (1.97±0.21)×10-3 mm2/s ; right breast: (1.97±0.26)×10-3, (1.89±0.25)×10-3and (1.96±0.22)×10-3 mm2/s) were the lowest among the three age groups. There were significant differences in different menstrual phases (F= 23.600, P＜0.01), but no statistical difference was found among the three age groups or between left breasts and right breasts (F= 1.683, 2.248;P＞0.05).Conclusions The mean ADC values of breasts decrease markedly in the proliferative phase.The effects of the menstrual cycle on the breast ADC values should be considered in the evaluation of breast diseases with DWI.

Objective To observe and identify the microorganism isolated from diseased and dead Ctenogobius gymnauchen cultured in seawater near the Daya Bay of south China sea.Methods GDLAMI-1210 strain was isolated from the diseased Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).We applied physiological and biochemical characteristics in the bacterial classification.In order to confirm the results,we amplified a 1438 bp sequence of GDLAMI-1210's 16 S rRNA(HM 362434)and compared with other sequence in GenBank,and followed by artificial infection.Results The GDLAMI-1210 strain was Gram-negative and in a shape of short rod with single polar flagellum.The homology analysis and phylogenetic study showed that the 16 S rRNA sequence of GDLAMI-1210 has the highest similarity to Vibrio sp.espec Vibrio vulnificus,showing 99% identity.Conclusions To our knowledge,this is the first report that the causative pathogen,Vibrio sp,leads to the mortality of Ctenogobius gymnauchen(Bleeker).

ObjectiveTo estimate the applications of ADC value and rADC value in the diagnosis of nodular lesions of breasts.Methods Fifty-two cases with 66 nodular lesions of breasts confirmed by histopathology underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.Three b values (0,800 and 1000 s/mm2) were applied.The mean ADC values of the breast nodules,the ADC values of ipsilateral breast( rADC1 )and ADC values of contralateral breast (rADC2 )were respectively measured.The independent-samples t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analyses.ResultsOf the 52 patients,there were 18 patients with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 34 patients with fibroadenoma.50 patients with 64 lesions were examined by DWI.( 1 ) at b = 800 s/mm2,the mean ADC values of malignant nodules [ ( 1.01 ±0.09) × 10-3 mm2/s],rADC800-1 (0.52 ±0.07)and rADC800-2 (0.51 ±0.06) were lower than that of the benign nodules [ ADC value = ( 1.54 ± 0.28 ) × 10 -3 mm2/s,t = 8.217,P ＜ 0.01 ; rADC800-1 =0.77 ±0.15,t =9.339,P＜0.01 ; rADC800-2 =0.76 ±0.14,t = 10.394,P ＜0.01 ].The one-side upper limits of 95％ medical reference value of mean values of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were adopted as the threshold point to distinguish the malignant from the benign.The threshold value of breast malignant nodule ADC,the rADC800-1 and rADC800-2 were respectively 1.05 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.55 and 0.53.The sensitivities of the three methods were 75.0％,65.0％ and 60.0％ ; the specificities were 100.0％,95.7％ and 97.8％ ;the positive predictive values were respectively 100.0％,86.7％ and 92.3％ ; the negative predictive values were 90.2％,86.3％ and 84.9％; the diagnosis accordance rates were respectively 92.4％,86.4％ and 86.4％.( 2 ) at b = 1000 s/mm2,the mean ADC values of malignant nodules [ ( 0.93 ± 0.08 ) ×10-3 mm2/s],rADC1000-1 (0.53 ±0.09) and rADC1000-2 (0.52 ±0.07) were also lower than that of the benign nodules[ ADC value= (1.45 ±0.28) ×10-3 mm2/s,t=11.844,P＜0.01; rADC1000-1 =0.75 ±0.16,t=5.820,P ＜ 0.01 ; rADC1000-2 = 0.74 ± 0.15,t = 8.082,P ＜ 0.01 ].The threshold value points breast malignant nodule ADC,the rADC1000-1 and rADC1000-2 were respectively 0.97 × 10-3 mm2/s,0.58,0.55.The sensitivities were all 70.0％ ; the specificities were respectively 100.0％,95.7％ and 93.5％ ;the positive predictive values were 100.0％,87.5％ and 82.4％ ; the negative predictive values were 88.5％,88.0％ and 87.8％ ; the diagnosis accordance rates were 90.9％,87.9％ and 86.5％ respectively.There were no significant differences in specificities and the diagnosis accordance rates ( x2 = 1.232,2.263 ; P =0.942,0.812 ).Conclusions ADC value and rADC value are both important parameters of MRI in differentiating benign and malignant breast diseases.The study indicated that ADC value ( at b =800 s/mm2) was the most valuable parameter.

Objective To analyze the correlation between polymorphisms at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene and susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 83 patients with condyloma acuminatum and 11 patients with bowenoid papulosis,and blood samples from all the patients as well as 150 health checkup examinees with high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) at STD clinics (negative control group).PCR was performed to detect HPV DNA in lesional tissue specimens,followed by direct sequencing and nucleotide alignment using the BLAST program for the determination of HPV genotypes.To assess polymorphisms at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene,DNA was extracted from all the blood samples,and the p73 gene was amplified by PCR with the primer shP73 followed by gene sequencing.The association between the polymorphisms and susceptibility to HPV infection was analyzed.Results Of the 83 tissue specimens from patients with condyloma acuminatum,42.2％ (35/83) were positive for HPV 6,and 41.0％ (34/83) for HPV 11.Among the 11 tisssue specimens from bowenoid papulosis lesions,5 were positive for HPV 16,and 3 for HPV 6.The p73 gene was successfully amplified and sequenced from all the patients with condyloma acuminatum or bowenoid papulosis as well as from 132 out of 150 health checkup examinees.There were three genotypes at position 4 and 14 in exon 2 of the p73 gene,including A4T14/G4C14,A4T14/A4T14,G4C14/G4C14,of which,A4T14/A4T14 was associated with a higher risk for condyloma acuminatum (OR 4.89,95％ CI 1.50-15.91) as well as bowenoid papulosis (OR 7.11,95％ CI 1.144-44.20),and G4C14/G4C14 with a lower risk for bowenoid papulosis (OR 0.16,95％ CI0.04-0.65),in patients with HPV infection.Conclusions The A4T14 allele in exon 2 of the p73 gene increases the risk for bowenoid papulosis and condyloma acuminatum,but no significant correlation is found between the susceptibility to high-or low-risk HPV infection and polymorphisms at the two positions in the p73 gene.

Sixty-one newly-diagnosed diabetic patients from high altitude area were treated individually plus metformin 1.5 g/d for 14 days. The difference of oxygen partial pressure was 3.5 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133kPa) between altitude 2 260 m and 2 780 m districts. In these patients, their serum lactic acid was increased before treatment. At altitude 2 780 m district, serum lactic acid in middle-aged and elder groups were even higher [(3.90±0.85 vs 3.65±0.70), (4. 67±0.80 vs 3.69±0.78) mmol/L, both P＜0. 05＝. After 14-day treatment, serum lactic acid in middle-aged diabetic patients remained statistically unchanged [(4.50±0.50 and 3.79±0.62 ) mmol/L, P＞0.05], while that in elder patients was increased significantly [(5.59±0.55 and 5.27±0.43 ) mmol/L,P＜0. 05]. The results suggested that metformin should not be used or be used carefully in elder diabetic patients at high altitude area.