This study is to prepare the microemulsion-based gel based on the W/O microemulsion and fluorouracil (5-Fu) as a model drug to study the transdermal characterization and observe its skin irritation of the microemulsion-based gel in vitro. IPM acted as oil phase, AOT as surfactant, Tween 85 as cosurfactant, water was added dropwise to the oil phase to prepare W/O microemulsion at room temperature using magnetic stirring, then 5-Fu powder was added. The gelatin was used as substrate to prepare 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel. The permeation flux of 5-Fu from 5-Fu microemulsion-based gel across excised mice skin was determined in vitro using Franz diffusion cell to study the influence of the amount of gelatin and the drug loading capacity. Refer to 5-Fu cream, the irritation of microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel on the rat skin was studied. Based on the water/AOT/Tween 85/IPM microemulsion, only the gelatin can form the microemulsion-based gel. At 25 degrees C, 32 degrees C and 40 degrees C, the amount of gelatin required for the formation of microemulsion-based gel were 7%, 14% and more than 17%, respectively. The 12 h transdermal cumulated permeation amount of 5-Fu from microemulsion-based gel containing 14% gelatin and 0.5% drug loading were (876.5 +/- 29.1) microg x cm(-2), 12.3 folds and 4.5 folds more than 0.5% 5-Fu aqueous solution and 2.5% (w/w) 5-Fu cream, respectively. Microemulsion-based gel exhibited some irritation, but could be subsided after drug withdrawal. Microemulsion-based gel may be a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of 5-Fu and other hydrophilic drug.

Objective To improve the antenatal diagnosis of placental abruption by ultrasound. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 placental abruption cases in our hospital between Jan. 1988 and Apr.2003. Results Among 33 cases, 28(84 8%) were found by ultrasound. There were more cases with anterior placental and severe abruption than posterior placenta and mild abruption without symptoms. The sonographic characteristics of placental abruption was dark and low echo area between placenta and uterine wall. Among these cases, mild and mixed echos were detected in 15 cases, partial thickened placenta 6 cases, protruding masses at the edge of placenta or under chorionic plate 8 cases(one case was misdiagnosed as chorioangioma). No signals of blood flow was shown the abruption area of placenta by color Doppler flow image. Conclusion Antenatal sonography has an important role in diagnosing placental abruption.

Objective To investigate the significance of sequential continuous sonography approach (SCSA) in diagnosing fetal deformity during prenatal stage. Methods Compared with postpartum data, the sequential continuous sonography of 16685 fetuses during gestational age 14 to 40~(+3) weeks. 1 were ana-lyzed retrospectively. Results 498 abnormal cases in 514 abnormal fetuses were scanned out with sequen-tial continuous sonography approach, and 16 cases were not successfully diagnosed by SCSA during prenatal stage. The rate of final diagnosis on deformity fetuses by SCSA was 96. 89%, the rate of misdiagnosis was 3. 1%. Conclusion Sequential continuous sonngraphy approach is a useful tool for diagnosing fetal de-formity during prenatal stage, h should be widely applied into the clinical inspection for prenatal diagnosis.

Abstract: Lipoproteins are biological lipids carriers. The natural and reconstituted lipoprotein based drug delivery systems have been extensively developed in recent years. This article reviews the development of natural and reconstituted low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein based vehicles in the antitumor area.

Abstract The indomethacin-nicotinamide cocrystal was prepared by hot melt extrusion(HME)to improve the dissolution of indomethacin in vitro. The optimum preparation conditions were investigated using temperature and rotate speed as variables. Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), determination of content and determination of related substances were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of indomethacin during the process. Cocrystal was also prepared by solution crystallization from acetonitrile. The products obtained by the two methods were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD). The solubility and dissolution advantages of cocrystal were evaluated. The results showed that the HME method could successfully prepare the indomethacin-nicotinamide cocrystal at 115 °C and eutectic mixture was formed during the process. The cocrystal significantly improved the solubility and dissolution of indomethacin in deionized water, with pH 5. 5 and pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer. The preparation of poorly soluble drug cocrystal by HME can significantly improve its solubility, providing new idea for the development of poorly soluble drugs and HME technology.

Wax matrix tablets is a special pharmaceutical controlled release preparation. However, it has not yet been fully studied and applied. In this article, the progress in carriers and techniques for the preparation of wax matrix tablets in recent years was reviewed. Analysis and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages can help to promote the application of wax matrix tablets in the future.

To construct nanostructured lipid carriers(NLCs)with different particle sizes but the same other physicochemical properties, central composite design was adopted. Coumarin-6(C-6)was selected as the model drug due to its high lipophilicity and high fluorescence intensity. Physicochemical properties of NLCs with 100 nm, 200 nm and 300 nm in particle size could remain stable during certain time in K-R solution and PBS. Release experiments in vitro showed that cumulative release of C-6 in NLCs was less than 7% after 24 h. The MTT assay indicated that both blank NLCs and C-6 loaded NLCs showed low toxicity. To confirm the integrity of NLCs in gastrointestinal tract, DiR-loaded NLCs were prepared and the distribution in vivo was monitored by fluorescence imaging. After 6 h oral administration, intact DiR-loaded NLCs could stiu be found, suggesting that NLCs could be used to characterize the uptake in gastrointestinal tract.

Folic acid(FA)was conjugated with bovine serum albumin(BSA)to form targeting material. BSA-coated cationic nanostructure lipid carriers(BSA-cNLCs)and folate-BSA-coated cationic nanostructure lipid carriers(FA-BSA-cNLCs)were prepared by film dispersion. The particle sizes of BSA-cNLCs and FA-BSA-cNLCs were 81. 4 nm and 79. 8 nm, while their Zeta potentials were +5. 12 mV and +3. 74 mV. Both nanostructure lipid carriers showed spherical shape. Paclitaxel encapsulation efficiency of them were more than 97%, with drug loading efficiency of about 3. 7%. In vitro experiments confirmed that the uptake of FA-BSA-cNLCs by overexpressed folate receptor SKOV3 cells was significantly higher than that of BSA-cNLCs, demonstrating that FA-BSA-cNLCs were obviously targeted to SKOV3. Blood and tumor pharmacokinetics showed that there was no significant differences between BSA-cNLCs and FA-BSA-cNLCs. This suggested that modified FA on the surface of the preparation had no effect on its in vivo behavior. Tumor inhibition of BSA-cNLCs and FA-BSA-cNLCs were 72. 08% and 80. 75%, repectively, which indicateds that FA-BSA-cNLCs improve anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and that it could be a potential preparation for the treatment of cancer.