The transient period of 7 years which is regulated in 2004/24/EC Director is due to 2011. This paper discussed the changing of traditional herbal drug regulation, the increasing of herbal monographs and lists, extending the scope of the simplified registration procedure in European Union. The purpose was to promote traditional Chinese medicine to enter the market.

Objective To evaluate the influence of fast-track surgery in perioperative period on the clinical outcomes of patients at nutritional risk in respectable esophageal cancer surgery perioperatively.Methods A total of 170 esophageal carcinoma patients receiving radical operation in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 were randomly divided into two groups by simple random method (n =85 each):one group was treated with the new concept of FTS-based on nutritional risk screening (FTS group),and the other control group received conventional perioperative management (CPM group).The postoperative first passage of flatus and defecation,time to drainage tube removal,postoperative hospital stay,and morbidity of the postoperative complication were recorded and compared.Results The time to drainage tube removal and length of postoperative hospital stay were significantly lower in the FTS group than those in the CPM group,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 7.06％ (6/85) in the FTS group and 20.00％ (17/85) in the CPM group (all P ＜0.05).In FTS group,the first flatus time was (59.01 ±2.73) h,the first defecation time was (3.35 ± 1.37) d,removing time of chest tube was (2.76 ±0.34) d,and postoperative hospital days was (8.16 ± 0.80) d; in the control group,they were (90.16 ±2.82) h,(4.78 ± 1.74) d,(4.39 ±0.25) d,and (10.93 ± 1.39) d respectively,showing significant differences (all P ＜0.05).The operative time was similar between these two groups.Conclusion The new concept of FTS by nutrition risk screening and intervention apparently can accelerate recovery after esophagngastrectomy,reduce the rate of overall complications,promote bowel function recovery,and decrease morbidity in the perioperative period for patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective Although graded nursing has been implemented in nursing homes since 2001 in China, it is not popu-lar.This research aimed to investigate factors of graded nursing implementation in nursing homes by subject analysis in order to provide a reference for the construction of graded nursing system in nursing homes . Methods We performed an analysis of data retrievals for grading nursing system in nursing homes from 2005 to 2015 based on five large databases: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, and PubMed.Subject analysis was applied in the conclusion of retrieved literature . Results There were 993 related documents by pre-liminary selection and 21 documents were concluded for subject analysis .By document acquisition , code design , subject code search , integrated subject search and subject definition , five factors including policy , professional quality , institutional management , resource supply and individual were summarized . Conclusion These five factors give a correct and overall view of the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of graded nursing in nursing homes in China , which will contribute to its improvement .

BACKGROUND:There is no effective therapy for obliterative bronchiolitis after tracheal transplantation. A therapeutic strategy at microRNA (miRNA) molecular level plays a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of complications after organ transplantation.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the miRNA differential expression profile in response to obliterative bronchiolitis after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in rats.
METHODS:The obliterative bronchiolitis model after lung transplantation was established through orthotopic tracheal transplantation in inbred strains of rats, and then was identified using histoIogical examination. Total miRNAs were detected by miRNA array and significantly differential expressed miRNAs were filtrated in the transplanted trachea tissues. The miRNA-146a, miRNA-155 and miRNA-451 with significantly differential expressions were used for relative quantitative study. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied to verify the reliability of miRNA array results.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The pathological examination showed that, obliterative bronchiolitis model in rats was successful y established at 4 weeks after orthotopic tracheal transplantation. A total of obliterative bronchiolitis-related 29 miRNAs were found in miRNA expression profiles, including 14 miRNAs with significantly down-regulated expression and 15 miRNAs with significantly up-regulated expression. Among them, the significantly up-regulated miRNAs (miRNA-146a and miRNA-155) and the significantly down-regulated miRNA-451 were involved in immuno-inflammatory reaction. The miRNAs play an important role in regulating pathophysiological changes of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation.

Objective In a prospective randomized controlled pilot study, effects of postoperative pulmonary complications on a conservative treatment surgery (CTS) and fast track surgery (FTS) treatment regimen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy were compared.Methods Eighty patients who underwent radical pulmonary lobectomy surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer disease from January 2008 to May 2010 in our hospital were random assigned to either fast track surgery treatment (40 FTS group) or conservative treatment surgery regimen (40 CTS group). Study endpoints were pulmonary complications ( pneumonia, atelectasis, prolonged air leak ＞ 7 days); Further parameters assessed in the postoperative course of patients were the need for postoperative mechanical ventilation, temperature at the end of the operation, length of stay (LOS) on intensive care unit (ICU) and day of discharge. Results The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications was 34. 21% in CTS group and 8. 33% in FTS group ( P ＜0. 05). Median length of stay on ICU was comparable in both groups ( 1 day),but the day of discharge was significantly different in both groups [( 11. 1 ±3.6)d vs ( 16. 6 ±5.7)d, P ＜0. 01]. Conclusion Using this fast track clinical pathway, the rate of pulmonary complications could be significantly decreased as compared to a conservative treatment regimen. Our results supported the implementation of an optimized perioperative treatment in lung surgery for non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radical pulmonary in order to reduce pulmonary complications after major lung surgery.

Objective To explore the correlation between moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and early breastfeeding in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 220 preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks.The preterm infants were dividedinto moderate to severe BPD group(37 cases)and control group(183 cases)based on whether moderate to severe BPD occurred or not.The clinical characteristics,breastfeeding volume,and mother s own milk(MOM)feeding rate were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between breastfeeding and the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants was analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that the moderate to severe BPD group had a higher proportion of infants with birth weight＜1 500 g,ges-tational age＜28 weeks,vaginal delivery,Apgar score≤7 at 1 minute after birth,and mechanical ventilation time ≥ 7 days compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The duration of intravenous nu-trition was longer in the moderate to severe BPD group(P＜0.05).The moderate to severe BPD group had lower breast milk intake from 0 to 7 days after birth,MOM intake,MOM feeding rate,and breast milk intake from 8 to 14 days after birth compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Multivari-ate Logistic regression analysis showed that a high volume of breastfeeding from 0 to 7 days after birth was an independent protective factor for the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants(OR=0.865,95％CI,0.767 to 0.976,P＜0.05).Gestational age＜28 weeks(OR=5.238,95％CI,1.158 to 23.686,P＜0.05),and mechanical ventilation time ≥7 days(OR=22.386,95％CI,6.769 to 74.030,P＜0.05)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants.Conclusion Early breastfeeding after birth can significantly re-duce the risk of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks,and clinical measures should be actively implemented to promote early breastfeeding.

Objective To explore the correlation between moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and early breastfeeding in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 220 preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤ 32 weeks.The preterm infants were dividedinto moderate to severe BPD group(37 cases)and control group(183 cases)based on whether moderate to severe BPD occurred or not.The clinical characteristics,breastfeeding volume,and mother s own milk(MOM)feeding rate were compared between the two groups,and the relationship between breastfeeding and the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants was analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that the moderate to severe BPD group had a higher proportion of infants with birth weight＜1 500 g,ges-tational age＜28 weeks,vaginal delivery,Apgar score≤7 at 1 minute after birth,and mechanical ventilation time ≥ 7 days compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The duration of intravenous nu-trition was longer in the moderate to severe BPD group(P＜0.05).The moderate to severe BPD group had lower breast milk intake from 0 to 7 days after birth,MOM intake,MOM feeding rate,and breast milk intake from 8 to 14 days after birth compared to the control group(P＜0.05).Multivari-ate Logistic regression analysis showed that a high volume of breastfeeding from 0 to 7 days after birth was an independent protective factor for the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants(OR=0.865,95％CI,0.767 to 0.976,P＜0.05).Gestational age＜28 weeks(OR=5.238,95％CI,1.158 to 23.686,P＜0.05),and mechanical ventilation time ≥7 days(OR=22.386,95％CI,6.769 to 74.030,P＜0.05)were independent risk factors for the occurrence of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants.Conclusion Early breastfeeding after birth can significantly re-duce the risk of moderate to severe BPD in preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks,and clinical measures should be actively implemented to promote early breastfeeding.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel type of programmed cell death. The main features of ferroptosis include lipid reactive oxygen accumulation, iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The main mechanisms and signal pathways of ferroptosis are complex and closely related to cystine/glutamate antiporter system, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. This review summarizes the current regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and discusses the research progress of ferroptosis in tumors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Parkinson's disease, and congestive heart failure.

Objective:To analyze the current prevalence of pre-diabetes (PDM) and its relationship with overweight and obesity in an adult health check-up population.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study and was applied using whole-cluster random sampling method. A total of 491 379 adults who underwent health check-ups at the Health Management Centre of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to July 2023 were selected to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of PDM and overweight-obesity, as well as the trend of change over time. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 19 001 of the subjects who underwent≥3 health check-ups and did not have diabetes and PDM at baseline, and the relationships between body mass index, waist circumference and the risk for developing PDM were analyzed using Cox proportional risk regression models. And the dose-response relationship between body mass index, waist circumference and the risk for developing PDM was analyzed using restricted cubic spline regression (RCS).Results:Of the 491 379 cases included in the cross-sectional study, 275 084 were male and 216 295 were female, 163 158 cases were under 40 years old, and 328 221 cases were 40 years old and above; the total prevalence of PDM was 19.41% in 2017-2023, with an overall increasing trend. Of the 19 001 people included in the cohort study, a total of 2 487 (13.09%) new cases of PDM were identified at the end of follow-up. After adjusting for confounding factors, overweight ( HR=1.150, 95% CI: 1.047-1.263), obesity ( HR=1.335, 95% CI: 1.149-1.552) and abdominal obesity ( HR=1.218, 95% CI: 1.105-1.342) were risk factors for PDM. The risk of PDM rised with the increase of body mass index (>22.9 kg/m 2, Pnon-linear=0.973) and waist circumference (>80 cm, Pnon-linear=0.830), with a linear dose-response mode. In different gender and age groups, it was found the greater the body mass index (>24.1 kg/m 2 for men,>21.5 kg/m 2 for women;>23.3 kg/m 2 for age≥40 years,>24.1 kg/m 2 for age<40 years) and waist circumference (>85 cm for men, >73 cm for women; >82 cm for age ≥40 years, >85 cm for age <40 years), the higher the risk of PDM. Conclusions:The prevalence of PDM is on the rise in the adult health check-up population. To prevent PDM, it is necessary to control the body mass index and waist circumference to a lower level than the overweight and obesity standards.

Nowadays, the popularization of endoscopic technology makes a substantial increase in the diagnosis rate of esophageal multiple primary carcinoma. However, the multiple primary carcinoma combined with esophageal cancer, lung cancer and cardiac cancer is relatively rare. This paper reported a 64-year-old male with multiple primary cancer who received one-stage complex radical surgery, including radical resection of esophageal cancer, lung cancer and cardiac cancer. After the operation, the patient presented chylothorax and conservative treatment was ineffective. Then we preformed ligation of thoracic duct through single-portal thoracoscope. The patient recovered successfully after surgery and the follow-up results showed well.