Objective To detect the metabolites of non-motor functional area in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Methods Forty-two PD patients (PD group) tested with unified PD rating scale (UPDRS) and 20 healthy controls(normal control group) were enrolled in this study.MRI and 1H-MRS using a GE signa excite1.5T MR was obtained,and the ratios of metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate(NAA)/creatin(Cr),NAA/cholinecompounds(Cho) in the prefrontal lobe,hippocampus,cuneus gyrus and dorsal thalamus were compared.Correlations between brain metabolites and UPDRS were analyzed.Results The levels of NAA/Cr,and NAA/Cho in bilateral dorsal thalamus,cuneus gyrus,hippocampus,prefrontal lobe in PD group were significantly lower than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01).The level of Cho/Cr in right hippocampus,right cuneus gyms,and right dorsal thalamus in PD group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).The NAA/Cho in the left hippocampus (r =-0.388,P =0.011) and left cuneus gyrus (r =-0.325,P =0.036) was negatively correlated with UPDRS scores (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is extensive neuronal damage and some glial proliferation in the non-motor functional areas including prefrontal lobe,hippocampus,cuneus gyrus,anddorsal thalamus in the PD patients.The degree of damage in left hippocampus and left cuneus gyms is positively correlated with the severity of the disease clinically.

BACKGROUNDCluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a family of transmembrane glycoproteins. As cell surface hyaluronate receptor, it has been found to be widely expressed in a variety of cells. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship among CD44 expression, DNA content, proliferation index (PI) and apoptosis in female adenocarcinoma of the lung.

METHODSThe expression of CD44, DNA index (DI), PI and apoptotic rate were studied in 61 cases of female adenocarcinoma of the lung, paracancerous tissues and 45 cases of benign lesions by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe percent of DNA aneuploidy was 75.41% in adenocarcinoma. The expression of CD44, DI and PI in adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those in paracancerous and benign controls (P < 0.01), however the apoptotic rate was obviously lower in adenocarcinoma than that in paracancerous and benign controls (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between CD44 and DI (P < 0.01), and a negative correlation between apoptosis and DI in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of CD44, DNA content, proliferation and apoptosis may play important regulating roles in oncogenesis, development and metastasis of female adenocarcinoma of the lung.