Objective To investigate the associations of alcohol consumption with the outcome of three-year pre-dia?betes. Methods The objects of this study were selected from the epidemiological study of cancer risk of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Luzhou area. A total of 1 125 cases with pre-diabetes were selected from the base?line survey. Patients divided into four groups including non-alcohol drinking group, small alcohol drinking group, moderate alcohol drinking group, and large alcohol drinking group. Patients also were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI, more than 24 kg/m2). The patients were followed up for three years. The incidence rates of diabetes mellitus were compared between different drinking groups and different BMI groups. Results A total of 1 116 cases were completed the follow-up , 9 cases were lost to follow-up. The incidence rates of DM were 18.81%, 8.80%, 16.51%and 26.53%for non-al?cohol drinking group, small alcohol drinking group, moderate alcohol drinking group, and large alcohol drinking group. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the relative risk ratios and 95%CI of the gender, age, BMI, calorie, base?line blood glucose were 0.49 (0.31-0.79), 1.15 (0.69-1.92) and 1.95 (1.25-3.04) for small alcohol drinking group, moderate alcohol drinking group, and large alcohol drinking group. In the group of BMI<24 kg/m2,the relative risks and 95%CI were 0.40 (0.20-0.80),0.77 (0.30-1.97) and 1.10 (0.46-2.64) for small alcohol drinking group, moderate alcohol drinking group, and large alcohol drinking group. In the group of BMI≥24 kg/m2, the relative risks and 95%CI were 0.62 (0.33-1.66),1.49 (0.80-2.80) and 2.64 (1.55-4.47). Conclusion Small amount of alcohol drinking can reduce the incidence of DM in predia?betes people with BMI<24 kg/m2. Large amount of alcohol drinking is the risk factor of incidence of DM in people with BMI≥24 kg/m2.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Eczema ; congenital ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy

Objective To compare the resonance acoustic characteristics between 7~16 years old Down syn-drome children and normal children .Methods A total of 29 cases of 7~16 years old Down syndrome children and 90 cases of 7~16 years old normal children pronuanced /a/,/u/,/i/,each sound for 3 times ,every time 1 to 2 sec-onds .The oral resonance acoustic parameters ,including F1 (a) ,F2 (a) ,F1 (i) ,F2 (i) ,F1 (u) ,F2 (u) ,the distance of tongue and the distance of jaw ,were recorded by real analysis .Analysis of variance was used for the voice acous-tic .Results With age ,there was a significant decrease tendency of the value of F2 (a) and a very significant growth tendency of the values of F2 (i) and the distance of tongue in normal children .The value of F2 (i) inrcreased signifi-cantly in Down syndrome children .The values of every oral resonance acoustic parameters were not different signifi-cantly on sex in normal children .The values of F1 (i) and F1 (u) in Down syndrome boys were significantly less than those of in the Down syndrome girls ,but the the distance of jaw in Down syndrome boys were significantly greater than those of in the Down syndrome girls .The values of F2 (u) and F1 (i) in Down syndrome children were signifi-cantly greater than those of in normal children ,but the distance of tongue was significantly less than those of in nor-mal children .Conclusion With age ,in normal children ,the amplitude of the tongue forward movement and the range of tongue back and forward movement were increased significantly ,the oral focus moved forward gradually .In Down syndrome children ,the amplitude of the tongue back movement ,and the range of tongue back and forward movement ,were poor than those of in normal children .The Down syndrome children were easier to suffer from oral resonance disorder than normal children .

Objective: Our aim was to investigate whether the immune RNA (iRNA) can inhibit the endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Methods: The EIU was induced by injecting endotoxin of E.Coli into rats hypodermically. iRNA was abstracted from the livers and spleens of the rabbits which had been injected by E.Coli six times. The iRNA was introduced intraperitoneally into the rats both at half an hour and 3 hours after the injection of endotoxin. The effect of iRNA was evaluated by protein determination and cell count in aqueous houmer(AH). Results: The appearance of EIU in the iRNA treated rats was delayed, about 3 hours later than the rats received only endotoxin injection. The AH protein decreased by 58.34% and cellular infiltration decreased by 27.62% in iRNA treated group at the 24 hours. Conclusion: The iRNA may partly prevent the development of EIU and significantly reduce the severity of EIU.

Objective To characterize the nasal resonance of children with spastic cerebral palsy by comparing it with that of ordinary school-age children.Methods The mean nasalance scores (MNSs) of 90 normal school-age children and 62 school-age children with spastic cerebral palsy were measured and compared.Results (1) Age has significant effects on the MNS of/a/,/i/and/m/ in ordinary children,but has almost no effect on the MNS of/u/.The MNS of/a/,/i/,/u/ and/m/ in children with spastic cerebral palsy does not change with age.(2) Sex only has a significant relationship with the MNS of/i/ in ordinary children,but does not significantly predict the other MNSs.(3) The MNS of/a/ of children with spastic cerebral palsy is significantly lower than that of ordinary children,and their MNS of/i/ and /u/ is significantly greater than those of ordinary children.Conclusions The MNS of /a/,/i/and /u/first increases and then decreases with age in ordinary children,while the MNS of/m/ increases gradually.Children with spastic cerebral palsy did not show the same trends and demonstrated a state of retardation of nasal resonance.Children with spastic cerebral palsy are more likely to display hypernasality than ordinary children.

Objective To investigate the effects of Nrf2/ARE pathway activator upregulating the expression of phase Ⅱ detoxifcation enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in islet B cell on its morphological structure in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods Type 2 diabetic rats were divided into diabetes model group (DM group),and tertiary-Butylhydroquinone intervention group(tBHQ group).At the same time,the normal control group (NC group)was set up.All rats were killed after eight-week continuous intervention.Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) level were determined.Morphological structure of islet cells and apoptosis were observed.ELISA was used to determine MDA,TNF-α and T-SOD levels in serum and pancreatic tissues and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of total Nrf2 and nulear Nrf2 in pancreatic tissues.Results Compared with NC group,FBG and FINS levels significantly increased and decreased in DM group respectively (all P=0.000).Compared with DM group,FBG and FINS levels significantly decreased and increased in tBHQ group respectively (all P=0.000).Compared with NC group,the number of islet cells significantly decreased and swelling,necrosis and apoptosis occurred in DM group.Islet cells in tBHQ group were significantly better than those in DM group.Compared with NC group,MDA and TNF-α levels in serum and pancreatic tissue significantly increased and TSOD levels significantly decreased in DM group (all P=0.000).Compared with DM group,MDA and TNF-α levels in serum and pancreatic tissue significantly decreased and T-SOD levels significantly increased in DM group(all P=0.000).Total Nrf2 and nulear Nrf2 in protein expression in DM group were significantly lower of than those in NC group (P()=0.000,P nulear Nrf2=0.006).Rats in tBHQ group had significantly higher protein expression of total Nrf2 and nulear Nrf2 than in DM group (all P=0.000).Conclusions Activating Nrf2/ARE pathway can reduce injury of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation on islet B cells further through upregulating the expression of phase Ⅱ detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in islet B cells.

AIM To study the effect of ATP sensitive potassium channel(K ATP ) opener pinacidil on the current induced by nicotine in cultured rat superior cervical ganglia. METHOD Whole cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS Pinacidil inhibited nicotine induced current when in higher dose(100 ?mol?L -1 ), but had no effect on the desensitization of nicotinic receptors. K ATP antagonist glibenclamide didn't influence the inhibitory effect of pinacidil on nicotinic current. CONCLUSION Pinacidil had an inhibitory effect on nicotine induced current in rat superior cervical ganglia and this effect wasn't mediated by K ATP .

Nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors have the same endogenous ligand ACh and are distributed together in many tissues, so it is reasonable to believe that there must be some interactions existed between them. The functions of muscarinic receptors in the tissues innervated by the parasympathetic cholinergic postfibers, can be modulated by the ganglionic nicotinic receptors through stimulating ACh release. In ganglia, the postsynaptic nicotinic receptor activities can be modulated by the presynaptic muscarinic and nicotinic autoreceptors through regulating ACh release. Moreover, The functions of muscarinic receptors can be changed by nicotinic receptor desensitization or blockade. The two types of receptor act on each other and keep in a varied homeostasis of cholinergic nervous system.

Objective To observe the efficacy of arsenic trioxide(ATO) combined all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) versus cytara‐bine (Ara‐C) combined ATRA in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL) .Methods We enrolled 65 patients in our department during the period between January 2002 and August 2008 ,and they were randomly assigned to receive ATRA combined ATO (treatment group ,n= 27) or ATRA combined DA ,HA ,NA which were major of Ara‐C (control group ,n= 38) .Then observe the differences of between the two groups ,such as complete remission(CR) ,the time to complete remission ,overall survival(OS) ,e‐vent free survival(EFS) ,the 5 years disease free survival (DFS) and adverse reactions .Results The CR rate of treatment group (ATRA + ATO) and control group (chemotherapy + ATRA) was 81 .48% and 68 .42% ,respectively ,and the time to complete re‐mission was (28 .50 ± 3 .97)d and (30 .56 ± 2 .39)d ,respectively ,showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups ( P > 0 .05 ) .The 5 years DFS of the CR patients in the two groups was 51 .9% (ATRA + ATO ) and 50 .0%(Chemotherapy + ATRA) ,respectively ,showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P > 0 .05) .The 5 years EFS of the CR patients in the two groups was 48 .1% and 39 .5% ,respectively ,showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P> 0 .05) .The 5 years DFS of the patients in the two groups was 55 .6% and 67 .6% ,respectively ,showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P > 0 .05) .Bone marrow suppression in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion ATRA + ATO can prolong the CR rate ,OS ,EFS and 5 years EFS of newly diagnosed APL patients .ATRA combined with chemotherapy has similar efficacy ,ATRA + ATO has lower bone marrow suppression than the ATRA combined with chemotherapy ,thus may reduce the risk of early death .