Objective To analyze the risk factors of bleeding after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps.Methods 342 cases of colorectal polyps treated by endoscopic surgery in our hospital were taken as the research objects. The incidence of bleeding after endoscopic surgery was statistically studied. All the patients were divided into bleeding group and no hemorrhage group, with postoperative bleeding as the dependent variable, and related factors which may be induced postoperative bleeding (gender, age, diabetes mellitus, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia history, drinking history, polyp occurrence location, polyp pathology type, polyp size, morphology of colonic polyps, polyp number) as the independent variable to make advanced single factor regression analysis. Then using the logistic regression analysis tool for multivariate analysis.Results The incidence of postoperative bleeding was 7.60% (26/342) in 342 patients. Single factor analysis showed that the bleeding in the proportion of patients with hypertension was higher than that of without complication (P < 0.05), with history of high blood lipid ratio is higher than that of without complication (P < 0.05) and polyp diameter >2.0 percentage higher than that without complication (P < 0.05) and polyp morphology with pedunculated polyps proportion is higher than that without complication (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for bleeding after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps were high blood pressure, high blood fat, polyp diameter >2.0 cm, and polyps were the risk factors of postoperative hemorrhage (P < 0.05).Conclusion The risk factors of bleeding after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps, including hypertension, high blood fat, polyp diameter >2.0 cm, polyp morphology of pedicle polyps.

Objective To investigate the methods for the detection of serum samples with low-concentration HBsAg and its clin-ical value.Methods Serum samples with HBsAg weak positive were measured by ELISA or using Roch cobas e601 were collected from the clinical laboratory.The samples with low-concentration HBsAg were confirmed by neutralization assay by using Lizhu ELISA reagent Kit or Roch cobas e601 analyzer.at the same time,ALT/AST concentrations and HBV DNA copies were also deter-mined.Results Among 53 samples that showed weak positive reaction by using Kehua reagent kit,37 samples were positive in neu-tralization test,while the other 16 samples were negative.Among 18 samples that showed weak positive reaction tested by using Roch cobas e601 analyzer,13 samples showed positive in neutralization test,and the other 5 samples showed negative.Conclusion The results of HBsAg test varies in different detection System.The clinical significance of samples with low-concentration HBsAg needs further study.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare osthole microemulsion and investigate its in vitro transdermal absorption ability.METHODS:The blank microemulsion formula was optimized based on the solubility of osthole in different oil phase,emulsifier,co-emulsifier and pseudo-tertiary phase diagrams.The viscosity,conductance and particle size of osthole microemulsion were investigated.The permeation rate of osthole was determined using drug diffusion apparatus.RESULTS:The viscosity,conductance and mean particle size of osthole microemulsion were 8.07 mpa?s,123 ?S?cm-1,58.0 nm,respectively.The steady permeation rate of osthole microemulsions reached(33.042?3.1)?g?cm-2?h-1(r=0.995 0)and it was 25.5 times over that of saturated osthole solution.CONCLUSION:The result indicates osthole microemulsion with high permeation rate may be used as new osthole preparation with transdermal delivery.

Objective to investigate the situation of occupational health of nurses,so as to provide a reference for protecting the health of nurses. Methods Cluster sampling method was employed in this study. totally 1 204 nurses of two three-level general hospital and a cancer hospital in Bei-jing were randomly surveyed with homemade health of nurses′cross-sectional questionnaire,and a nurse medical examination report was access at the same time. Results there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of nurses work pressure and work fatigue in different hospitals and different departments(P < 0.05). 95.18% of the nurses undergo regular medical examinations,of which 56.97% were found abnormal. the dif-ferences in the incidence rate of abnormal medical examination results in nurses were statistically significant among different hospital and different de-partments(P < 0.05). Conclusion Great job stress and work fatigue are observed in nurses,and they have health problems. It is necessary for the hospital to take appropriate interventions to improve physical and mental health nurses.

Examination is usually used to evaluate the students' understanding of the knowledge and skills.It is also the evaluation of teachers'clinical teaching effects to some extent.The objective of this paper is to discuss the new mode of clinical teaching according to the influence of clinical teaching of pediatric on examination.

Chemotherapy is the basic therapy in non small cell lung cancer, but combined chemotherapy has a response rate that still remains in the range of 30%-40%. Resistance of cancer cells to the anti tumor drugs is the main factor that reduces the efficacy of the chemotherapy. The mechanism of the drug resistance of lung cancer cells is very complex involving changes of drug resistance gene MDR1, MRP, LRP,GST, change of quality and quantity of toposomerase Ⅱ, ? tubulin gene mutation and fibroblast growth factor. Prospective measurement of the molecular marker as a guide for clinical chemotherapy is a key factor that can facilitate the individualization of the regime and thus increase the response rate.

Objective To express human inducible eostimulator (ICOS) extracellular region and IgG Fc fusion protein, and analyze their function in allogenie lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Methods Human ICOS extraeellular region and IgG Fc fragment were cloned into a soluble expression vector. ICOS-Ig fusion protein was expressed and purified in CHO cells. To monitor primary MLR, Balb/c spleen T cells were isolated as responder cells, and irradiated C57BL/6 spleen cells as stimulator cells. 50 μg/ml ICOS-Ig or IgG was added to primary MLR cultures. The cells responsive rates were detected by 3 H-TdR methods. ELISA tested supernatants for eytokines (IL-2,IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ). T cells of each group in primary MLR were cultured as responder cells for secondary MLR, and irradiated C57BL/6 (donor) or C3H (third party) spleen cells as stimulator cells. Similar indexes were detected in secondary MLR. Then vital dye CFSE was used to study alloreactive T cell proliferation in vivo. CFSE-labeled C57BL/6 spleen cells were transferred to irradiated Balb/c mice. Mice were then intraperitoneally injected with 0. 2 mg IgG, ICOS-Ig or CsA each day.At the 3rd day after transfection, the spleen cells of the mice were harvested to detect CD4+ CFSE+ and CD8+ CFSE+ by FACS. Results In primary MLR, ICOS-Ig inhibited allogenic T-cell proliferation with inhibition rate being (58 ± 8)% in 50 μg/ml, and increased IFN-γ secretion. In secondary MLR, ICOS-Ig specifically inhibited the proliferation of donor spleen cells with inhibition rate being (42±8)%, and in ICOS-Ig group the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were lower and the level of IFN-γ higher than in IgG group. However, ICOS-Ig didn't inhibit the proliferation of third-party spleen cells. In the CFSE dye assay, CFSE intensity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in ICOS-Ig and CsA groups was stronger than that in control group (P < 0. 05), while CFSE intensity in combined treatment group were even stronger than that in ICOS-Ig and CsA groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion ICOS-Ig could inhibit allo-reactive T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and induce donor-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness specifically.

To explore the observation and nursing of complications in operative patients with massive and rapid transfusion,32 cases were studied,the author summarized that the observation and nursing experience in prevention and treatment of some complications,such as overloading circulation、bleeding tendency、hypokalemia and hypothermia.

Purpose:To evaluate the role of CT in diagnosing local recurrence after surgery of gastric carcinoma. Methods:Two groups of 51 patients after surgery of gastric carcinoma were prospectively studied by means of CT performed with the water as oral contrast,hypotonic agent and dynamic or spiral CT technique. 15 patients proved to be without local recurrence measured the thickness and observed the CT findings of anastomosis stoma ,36 patients proved to have local recurrence ,those patients included male 21 and female 15.Results:90.19%(46/51)anastomosis stoma was clearly demonstrated ,and 32 lesions was detected and confirmed the diagnosis in 29 of 32 cases . The CT findings of local recurrence after gastric resection for gastric cancer were irregular gastric wall thickening ( n =14),local mass ( n =6) and mixed lesions ( n =9).Conclusions:Using the optimal technique can improve the detectability and accuracy of CT for diagnosing the local recurrence after surgery for gastric carcinoma.

Currently campus violence including the murder case in which college students shot teachers has shocked the whole society,arousing various issues for educators.This paper holds that the carrying out of life education is one key solution to those new rising social issues.Through discussing the origin of students' ignorance of human lives,the significance and measures of performing life education are explored in this paper.