Mechanical force has essential effects on cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation, and the mechanism of mechanotransduction is still one of the hot spots in mechanobiology study. Traditional methods could not provide accurate evaluation of the protein activation signal upon mechanical stress application. The development of fluorescence protein technology greatly promoted the understanding of mechanotransduction. In particular, genetically-encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has achieved a real-time dynamic observation of living cell signal protein activity, which provides a powerful tool for the in-depth study of biomechanics. In this paper, we provide a summary on recent progress of FRET application in biomechanics. Firstly we introduce the FRET technology, and then we summarize three methods to integrate the mechanical stimulation with the FRET imaging system on cell experiments. After that, the important progress of biomechanical research on signal pathway made by FRET technology, such as cytoskeleton, Rho family, calcium and cellular physical stress visualization, are also discussed. Finally, we point out the bottleneck of the future development in FRET technology, and also make the prospect of the application of FRET in mechanotransduction. In summary, FRET technology provides a powerful tool for the studies of mechanotransduction, which will advance our systematic understanding on the molecular mechanisms about how cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biosensing Techniques ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a kind of abnormal proliferation of malignant tumor diseases originated in lymphocytes,which is the most common malignant tumor in children.Although stratified treatment has significantly improved the efficacy of ALL in children,but 15％-20％ of the patients still have ultimately relapsed due to the minimal residual disease(MRD).MRD refers to the leukemia patients after induction chemotherapy complete remission (or bone marrow transplant),in vivo residual morphology which could not be detected in trace amounts of leukemia cells.The detection methods of MRD mainly include flow cytometry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immune repertoire sequencing.MRD level detection is of great important to judge the prognosis,and to guide the risk grouping and individual treatment,and so on.Now,the progress in the clinical application of MRD in children with ALL in recent years was reviewed.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who are return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on scene. Methods According to Utstein style,we collected the clinical data of OHCA patients who are ROSC on scene from the pre-hospital on the call of 120 of Henan Provincial People ' s Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016. We analyzed the data by SPSS 20.0 software. Results Among a total of 29 patients were enrolled,9(31.03%)were ROSC ≥ 6h,and 20 (68.97%)were ROSC < 6 h. There were no significant difference in the two groups in patients' age,sex,arrest location,witnessed by bystander,bystander CPR,initial arrest rhythm,etiology,the use of epinephrine. None of patients were survival in the group of ROSC≥6 h. The average length of hospital stay was(44.15 ± 34.16)hours, while the shortest length of hospital stay was 12.08 hours and the longest length of hospital stay was 125.75 hours. The ratio of emergency response time to the return to hospital time were 4.55 min ± 2.46 min vs 6.45 min ± 3.60 min,P=0.014 in all patients. The emergency response time consumes more time. Conclusion The hospitalized survival rate of ROSC patients is low. The occurrence of OHCA needs early prevention. The short-term survival(6 h)is not affected by the patients' basic situation and the first-aid situation.

Objective To study the fatal risk factors to the patients with sepsis.Methods The data of 49 patients with sepsis were analyzed,who were consecutively admitted to intensive care unit(ICU)of Peking Union Medical College Hospital within six months.Patients' general states,clinical information,human leucocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DR)in blood monocytes and plasma level of diamine oxidase(DAO)were recorded.Simple logistic regression was done to analyze all the risk factors,and statistically significant variables were selected and used in multivariate and unconditioned Logistic regression analysis.The primary end point was hospital mortality.Results The subjects involved in present study were consisted of 49 patients with sepsis admitted to ICU of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Aug.2003 to Jan.2004,averagely aged 60.8?16.9 years;including 32 males(65.3%)and 17 females(34.7%);with APACHEⅡscores 18.6?8.0 and SOFA scores 5.9?3.8.Twenty-one out of the 49 patients(42.9%)were from non-operation department,and the other 28 patients(57.1%)were from operation department.ICU duration was 14.4?12.8 days;eighteen of the 49 septic patients died during hospitalization,with the 28-days mortality of 36.7%.Positive blood cultures(OR=5.237,95%CI 1.041~26.34,P=0.045),decreased platelet count and blood HLA-DR(OR=0.943,95%CI 0.901~0.98,P=0.01),and increased plasma levels of DAO(OR=2.235,95%CI 1.101~4.53,P=0.026)were obviously associated with mortality.The positive blood cultures,decreased blood HLA-DR and increased plasma levels of DAO were independent fatal risk factors for the patients with sepsis.Conclusions The positive blood cultures,decreased blood HLA-DR and increased plasma levels of DAO are high risk for the patients with sepsis at admission.

Early diagnosis and timely treatment are two critical factors in reducing the cerebral damage and improving prognosis for ischemic stroke patients.The only proved effective way is to intravenously administer recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for thrombolytic therapy.However,the narrow time window restricts its application.One rapid and effective blood test,or auxiliary examinations such as computer tomography which may aid early diagnosis of ischemic stroke would contribute to treatment and intervention promptly,then take a pivotal role for the disease prognosis.Herein,the reported proteins and RNA markers are summarized and analysed in clinical application of acute ischemic stroke likewise.

This study was aimed to explore effect of Gui-Zhi Fu-Ling W an (GZFLW) on HIF-1α and vascular en-dothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with endometriosis. A total of 68 endometriosis patients in the First Peo-ple's Hospital of Xining from June 2011 to June 2013 were included. All patients received treatment of GZFLW, once a day. After one-month treatment, the treatment efficacy was analyzed. The endometrial tissues (both ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium) were obtained before and after treatment. The protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF as well as the relationship of HIF-1α and VEGF were analyzed by SP immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the total treatment efficacy was 86.76%. Compared with pretreatment, the posttreatment protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were significantly reduced (P< 0.05). The decreasing of VEGF protein level and HIF-1α expres-sion level were positively correlated (P< 0.05). It was concluded that GZFLW had better efficacy in the treatment of endometriosis. One of the reasons may be the downregulation of protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in endometriosis tissues.

Biliary tract cancer (BTC)is one of the most aggressive malignancies with only 1 0% early-stage diagnosis rate.For advanced BTC,regimen of gemcitabine and cisplatin has been regarded as the first line standard combination,but the curative effect is still unsatisfied.Infiltration of immune cells and immune-related microenvironment can inhibit various types of cancers.In BTC,higher frequencies of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and CD4 + T cells are closely associated with favorable prognosis.These findings have provided the rationale for further development of immunotherapies as a novel treatment modality against BTC.

Objective:To explore the anti-fatigue effect of Tibet maca in mice. Methods: The mice were respectively given the powder or the alcohol extract of Tibet maca. The lactic acid concentration in blood, serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) , the time of weight loading swimming and serum urea ammonia level after the exercise in the mice were detected, and the anti-fatigue effect of the powder and the alcohol extract of Tibet maca was compared. Results: After the 30-day feeding, the serum LDH activity of the mice taking the powder or alcohol extract of Tibet maca was obviously higher than that of the mice in the control group(P<0. 05), the time of weight loading swimming was significantly longer than that in the control group (P<0. 05), and the blood lactic acid concentration after the exercise was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Tibet maca can improve the time of weight loading swimming of mice, and reduce the level of serum urea ammonia after exercise and blood lactic acid concentration, sug-gesting the powder and alcohol extract of Tibet maca have obvious anti-fatigue effect.

Objective To observe the real-time and short-term anti-hypertension efficacy of ear apex bloodletting plus acupoint thread embedding. Method Eighty-three eligible hypertension patients were randomized into group A of 28 cases, group B of 29 cases and group C of 26 cases. Group A was intervened by bloodletting at ear apex, group B was by acupoint thread embedding, and group C was by bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding. The blood pressure was recorded 5 min before intervention, as well as 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min following intervention, and the real-time anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. By analyzing the blood pressure before treatment and after 1-month treatment, the short-term anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. Result In group A and group C, the systolic and diastolic pressures at 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min after treatment were significantly different from that at 5 min before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 60.7% in group A, 51.7%in group B, and 80.8% in group C. The therapeutic efficacy of group C was significantly different from that of group A and B (P<0.05). The total effective rates for grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension were respectively 84.6%and 40.4%in group A, 76.9%and 31.3% in group B, and 100.0% and 64.3% in group C. In the three groups, the therapeutic efficacy for grade 1 hypertension was markedly different from that for grade 2 hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion Bloodletting at ear apex can produce a significant anti-hypertension effect, and bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding is an effective method in treating hypertension.