Mechanical force has essential effects on cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation, and the mechanism of mechanotransduction is still one of the hot spots in mechanobiology study. Traditional methods could not provide accurate evaluation of the protein activation signal upon mechanical stress application. The development of fluorescence protein technology greatly promoted the understanding of mechanotransduction. In particular, genetically-encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has achieved a real-time dynamic observation of living cell signal protein activity, which provides a powerful tool for the in-depth study of biomechanics. In this paper, we provide a summary on recent progress of FRET application in biomechanics. Firstly we introduce the FRET technology, and then we summarize three methods to integrate the mechanical stimulation with the FRET imaging system on cell experiments. After that, the important progress of biomechanical research on signal pathway made by FRET technology, such as cytoskeleton, Rho family, calcium and cellular physical stress visualization, are also discussed. Finally, we point out the bottleneck of the future development in FRET technology, and also make the prospect of the application of FRET in mechanotransduction. In summary, FRET technology provides a powerful tool for the studies of mechanotransduction, which will advance our systematic understanding on the molecular mechanisms about how cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biosensing Techniques ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) combined with endoscopic variceal sclerosis (EVS) for treating patients with esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB).Methods Ninety patients with EVB were divided into observation group and control group by treatment methods with 45 patients each.The observation group was given EVL combined with EVS and the control group was given EVL.The elimination of varicosity after the first treatment,time and times required to eliminate,rehaemorrhagia,varicosity recurrence,complication and prognosis of the 2 groups were observed.Results The elimination rate of varicosity of observation group was 97.8％(44/45),the control group was 93.3％(42/45),there was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).The elimination rote of varicosity after the first treatment of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group,the time and times required to eliminate were significantly lower than those of control group [71.1％(32/45) vs.48.9％(22/45),(17.24±5.65) d vs.(36.01 ± 11.81) d,(1.42 ±0.47) times vs.(1.87 ±0.61) times,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜0.01].The rates of early-onset rehaemorrhagia,delayed rehaemorrhagia and varicosity recurrence of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group [4.4％(2/45) vs.17.8％(8/45),6.7％(3/45) vs.22.2％ (10/45),2.2％ (1/45) vs.22.2％ (10/45),P ＜0.05].The rate of complication of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group [11.1％ (5/45) vs.42.2％ (19/45),P ＜0.01].Conclusion The EVL combined with EVS is an effective method for emergency hemostasis and preventing rehaemorrhagia in the patients with EVB.

Objective To investigate the influence of inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) on the ratio of PaO2/FiO2(P/F) during the implementation of lung protective ventilation strategy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) in order to unravel its clinical significance. Method This was a prospective study of 16 selected patients with ARDS treated with mechanical ventilation ( MV ) to get ratio of P/F in range of 100 to 200 by PEEP≥5 cmH2O and high inspired oxygen. After lung recruitment maneuvers by BiPAP with high pressure (PH) of 40 cmH2O for40 s, the MV was maintained the basic requirement for stabilizing the patients for 30 minutes. A series of FiO2 were set at fractions of 0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9 and 1in random sequence, and the changes of respiratory mechanics, blood gas and hemodynamics under the different concentrations of FiO2 were analyzed by using SPSS version 13.0 software. Results ( 1 ) The ratio of P/F increased as FiO2 increased, and it's significant as FiO2 increased to 0.7 or above. As the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1. O, the ratios of P/F changed in 24.70% ± 23.36% respectively. ( 2 ) Of them,6 patients ( 37.5% ) treated with FiO2 set at 0.5 had the ratio of P/F ＜ 200, and the fraction of FiO2 was increased to 1.0, the P/F ＞ 200. (3) FiO2 and Qs/Qt were negatively correlated ( r = - 0.390, P = O. 027 ),the higher inspired oxygen fraction, the lower shunt. When the fractions of FiO2 were set at 0.5 and 1.0 ,there was a positive correlation between △Qs/Qt and △P/F( r = 0.82, P = 0.005 ). Conclusions The inspired oxygen fraction affects the ratio of P/F, which may be resulted from shunt and it may influence the diagnosis of ARDS.

Cardiac arrest (CA) is an acute critical illness with the high occurrence in the world. The directions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) development are to improve CA patients' survival rate and to decrease the poor prognosis. β-blockers can selectively block the neurotransmitter or receptor agonists. They offer beneficial pharmacological properties and have been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on the search result of the domestic and foreign medical databases, the usage of β-blockers including clinical research, animal experiments and clinical work of CPR patients was summarized. Finally, the CPR research progress of β-blockers in recent years was reviewed in the article.

Humans typically have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes in cells,and a pair of sex chromosomes.Some individuals have an extra,autosomal chromosome called a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC).sSMC is a structurally abnormal chromosome fragment.The fragments are too small and no-specific banding pattern to be identified by conventional banding cytogenetic analysis.Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH),fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or other molecular biological methods are necessary for the diagnosis.This article summarized the karyotype,pathogenesis,and the clinical manifestations of the sSMC-related chromosome 18p abnormalities.The patients with sSMC usually presented with abnormal chromosome syndrome.Some syndromes are relative common,such as Pallister-Killian syndrome,isochromosome 18p syndrome,Cat eye syndromes or Emanuel syndrome.sSMC is considered to be the frequent cause of mental retardation.The patients have no specific symptoms.With the progress of molecular cytogenetics,more sSMC has been identified.Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are important to prevent sSMC.Molecular cytogenetic techniques are necessary to the diagnosis.

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Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

With the change of diet and lifestyle,the development of medical concepts and techniques,the spectrum of disease has changed dramatically. The standardization of gastrointestinal surgery will be the key to further improvement.Endoscopic ultrasonography,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography-computed tomography and laparoscopy are helpful for preoperative staging of gastrointestinal carcinoma.The standards of operation,such as D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer and total mesenteric excision for rectal cancer,are also very important.Creating standards for multi-disciplinary treatment of gastrointestinal diseases will be important factors for improving outcomes.

ObjectiveTo explore help-seeking behavior and treatment towards people with mental illness,so as to provide evidence for intervention measures.Methods 1988 mental disorders in outpatient were selected with a self-developed questionnaire randomly,and regression analysis was carried out.ResultsUnstable marriages and the lack of mental health knowledge were risk factors for actively professional help-seeking contact after first onset of a mental disorder.Median delays of seeking help and treatment in depression,schizophrenia,anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders were 113.5 days,34.0 days,86.5 days,309.0 days and 6.0 months,3.0 months,3.0 months,5.5 months orderly.There were notable difference for primary treatment contact between the four mental disorders ( x2 =46.317,P =0.029 ).No-professional recognition ratio was 17.8％.The ratio of correctly diagnosed and rationally cured with drugs ratio was 10.5％.89.5％ of outpatients had not been given rational drugs then they sought to psychiatry.ConclusionThe delay of help-seeking and treatment in mental illnesses are serious,so it should be taken effective measures to promote the popularization of mental health knowledge and train no-professional doctors in order to improve the behavior of seeking help and provide the ratio of recognition and treatment.