H5N1 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been prevailing in many countries over the world, which has threaten human health. The establishment of AIV animal models may provide a tool for the study on the infection, mutation of avian influenza virus and pathogenesis of the disease. The pathogenicity of H5N1 to mammalian such as cynomolgus macaques, ferrets, mice, rats, gerbils, cats were summarized in current review, which may provide meaningful help for the establishment and study on ideal experiment animal models.

Objective To draw up the psychological selection inventory for the nurses in war. Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to confirm the elements, on this basis formal inventory was obtained from inventory was obtained,reliability and validity of the formal inventory wad analyzed through a survey for 977 nurses who took part in emergent nursing activities. Results This article obtained accountability, confidence, compassionate, alertness, braveness, pertinacity and communication seven factors. The psychological selection inventory for the nurses in war was authorized on the basis of the seven factors. There were 90.91% items which discrimination ≥0.2, the retest coefficient of the whole inventory was 0.8719, the retest coefficient of the factors was between 0.6753 and 0.8654, the Cronbach coefficient of the whole inventory was 0.9147, the Cronbach coefficient of the factors was between 0.6462 and 0. 8344, the correlation coefficient of the factors was between 0. 3126 and 0. 5409. Conclusion The inventory has good reliability and validity, and it has significant meaning on the selection and training of the nurses in war.

Objective To explore the effect of inhibitor of MEK/ERK pathway on the behaviors of autistic rats .Methods Autistic rats were made by intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA) after pregnancy for 12 .5 days .After VPA injec-tion ,pregnant rats were treated with U0126 via oral at 400 μg/kg dose per day until weaning .Young rats were divided to 4 groups :control group ,VPA group ,U0126 group ,VPA combined U0126 group .The social interaction and behaviors of young rats were e-valuated at 35 days after bornning .The levels of MEK and phosphorylated ERK in brain tissues were investigated by Western blot . Results The autistic rat mode was prepared successfully .Compared with control rats ,the rats treated with VPA showed low the social interaction ,long moving time in central area and reducing standing times .Treatment with U0126 alone didn′t change the so-cial interaction and behaviors of young rats ,but VPA combined U0126 group could improve VPA-induced autistic-like behaviors . Western blot results show that compared with the control group ,the rats treated with VPA could enhance the prefrontal cortex of rats ,the hippocampus and cerebellum in the organization of MEK and ERK phosphorylation level ;while VPA combined U0126 group could inhibit the brain tissue of MEK and ERK phosphorylation level .Conclusion U0126 can improve the model rats of au-tism disorders behavior ,the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway in the brain .

Objective:To explore the moderating effect of self-differentiation between life events and coping styles. Methods:Totally 584 college freshmen from Beijing and Jiangsu were selected to fill in the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check-list (ASLEC),Differentiation of Self Inventory(DSI)and Simplified Coping Style Ques-tionnaire (SCSQ). Results:Self-differentiation had a moderating effect between life events and coping styles. The predicting effect of life events on negative coping was 0. 03 in the higher self-differentiation group (P>0. 05 ) while in the lower self-differentiation group,it was 0. 27 (P<0. 00 1 ). Conclusion:It suggests that higher self-differ-entiation could relieve the negative effect of life events to coping styles.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of silencing protein kinase D (PKD)-2 on Tca8113 cell proliferation, programmed cell death, and chemosensitivity.

METHODSThe stable cell lines of pkd-2 gene silencing and empty vector plasmid group were established. The proliferation and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of shRNA-mediated Tca8113 chemotherapy drugs were detected through methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT). The programmed cell death rate and sensitivity to Tca8113 chemotherapy drugs before or after pkd-2 gene silencing were measured through flow cytometry. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression of pkd-2 silencing cells was identified by immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSStable cell lines of pkd-2 gene silencing were established. Compared with parental cells, the proliferation of shRNA-mediated Tca8113 was not significantly different, but its IC50 was lower. Meanwhile, cell programmed death rate and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs of shRNA-mediated Tca8113 significantly increased. Compared with wild group Tca8113, a significant decrease in P-gp expression was induced by chemotherapy drugs with shRNA-pkd-2 gene silencing.

CONCLUSIONThe pkd-2 gene of shRNA interference silencing Tca8113 promotes programmed cell death of Tca8113, reduces the IC50 of the chemotherapy drugs, and significantly improves the sensitivity of Tca8113 to chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing the expression of P-gp.

Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Protein Kinase C ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

Objective To explore the effect of the prenatal dexamethasone treatment on the preventionof wet lung syndrome in the newborn of elective caesarean section at term. Methods Two hundred cases of elective caesarean section at term (the gestation age was less than 39 weeks) were divided into observation group and control group,with 100 cases in each by random digits table. Observation group was treated with four intramuscular injections of 6 mg dexamethasone in the 24 hours to 7 days before delivery, and control group was treated with 0.9% sodium chloride injection with the same method. The clinical data and the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn were collected. Results The incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1%(1/100) in observation group and 9%(9/100) in control group,and the incidence of the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn was 1% ( 1/100) in observation group and 2%(2/100) in control group. There were no complication in observation group and 1 case in control group.The incidence and the severity of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn in observation group were less than that in control group significantly (P = 0.009,0.049). Conclusion Prenatal dexamethasone treatment can reduce the incidence of the wet lung syndrome of the newborn and decrease the incidence of the severity and complication of elective caesarean section at term.

Objective To observe the effect of chewing gum on EGG,blood motilin and anus exhausting after laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Methods 200 patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly arranged into chewing gum group (Group G): to start chewing gum for 30 min at breakfast time on first day after operation, and also at lunch and dinner time, and stopped until the first anus exhausting, and the control group(Group C): no chewing gum. The time between endpoint of operation to first anus exhausting was recorded; blood motilin and electrogastrography (EGG)on the morning of 1,2,3 days postoperation after chewing gum was detected. Results The time between endpoint of operation to first anus exhausting was not significantly different between two groups, compared with the control group, blood motilin significantly improved on the first day and the second day,but there was no difference between two groups on 3rd day; EGG was no different in all three days between two groups. Conclusions Chewing gum doesn't improve bowel function after laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of hydrogel soft contact lens(HSCL) for persistence corneal epitheliopathy after intraocular surgery.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 36 patients(36 eyes) with bullous keratopathy(n=5) or other keratopathy(n=31) including corneal erosion,epithelium missing,and dendritic keratopathy after intraocular surgery,which failed to medicine treatment 2 weeks ago.Method All patients were fitted with HSCL after suitable processing of the corneal foci.The lenses were removed immediately as long as the keratopathy recovered.A new lens was replaced after 3 weeks if still needed.Main Outcome Measures Changes of keratopathy,pain relief and complications.Result 35 patients(97.22%) fitted with HSCL were very comfort within 3 days.At the follow-up of 6 months,30 patients(83.33%) achieved complete remission of keratopathy,6 patients (16.67%) remarkable remission.30 patients(86.11%) had vision increase.All of the non-bullous keratopathy recovered within 3 weeks,while the lenses were fitted much longer in bullous keratopathy.No other lens-related complications appeared.Conclusion The application of hydrogel soft contact lens to persistence corneal epitheliopathy after intraocular surgery is safe,effective,and practical.

Objective To study the cellular apoptosis and telomerase activity in bladder cancer before and after treatment with cell wall skeleton of bacillus Calmett Guerin(BCG CWS) and interleukin 2(IL 2). Methods The cellular apoptosis and telomerase activity of 33 cases of bladder cancer tissues were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) and telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay both before and after treated with BCG CWS and IL 2. Results The apoptosis index for bladder cancers before and after treatment with BCG CWS and IL 2 was (35.6?12.7)% and (79.1?11.3)% respectively, the apoptosis index being obviously increased after the treatments, P

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the jejunal interposition reconstruction SS and P type after total gastrectomy in patients with gastric carcinoma. Methods: 31 cases with gastric carcinoma operated on from June, 1990 - Octuber, 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. After total gastrectomy 16 patients were operated by jejunal interposition reconstruction SS type and 15 a jejunal interposition reconstruction P type. The clinic materials of the two types of jejunal interposition reconstruction were assessed by 6 months -5 years follow-up. Results: 30 -60 minutes and 80 - 120 minutes Ba emptying time of SS and P type were 62. 5%, 66. 7% and 37. 5%, 33. 3% respectively ; BLA were 73. 6 + 1. 1% and 74. 4 + 1. 3% , respectively; HB were 15 +1.3 and 15 +1.5; The Visick scoring of the 87. 7% patients with S type and the 86. 7% patients with P type was Ⅰ - Ⅱ grades. Reflux oesophagitis of the patients with S type was 12. 5%. Conclusions: The jejunal interposition reconstruction SS and P type after total gastrectomy are effective means to improve quality of life and to reduce complications after gastrectomy and to maintain the canal of the chyme through the duodenal tract.